| 释义 |
▪ I. tour, n.|tʊə(r)|
Also 7 toure, tower: see also sense 4.
[ME. a. F. tour, in OF. and Prov. tor, back-formation from nom. tors:—L. tornus, a. Gr. τόρνος a tool for describing a circle, a turner's wheel, a circle. The orig. acc. form was torn, tourn:—L. tornum; cf. Prov., Cat. torn, Sp., Pg., It. torno. In some of the Fr. and English senses, perh. n. of action f. tourner to turn.]
I.
1. One's turn or order (to do something). Also, a spell of work or duty; a shift: see turn n.; freq. in tour of duty. Now mainly Mil. and (with pronunc. taʊə(r)) in Oil Industry. † by tour, by tours, by turns (obs.).
[1292Britton iv. ii, Si soen tourn soit a cele foiz de presenter ou noun.] c1320Cast. Love 1334 He was a-bated of his tour [Fr. Il est de son torn abatuz]. 1546Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 57 To cum and remane at the assege of the Castell.., ilk quarter in his tour. 1640Sc. Acts Chas. I (1817) V. 311/1 If any of these whose toure fallis to be present shalbe absent. 1781in Simes Mil. Guide (ed. 3) 9 That..each [may] march in their tour. 1800Wellington Suppl. Desp. (1858) I. 464 This tour of duty to commence at morning parade on halting days. 1868Regul. & Ord. Army ⁋837 When an Officer is in the performance of a duty, and his tour for another duty occurs, he is not to make good that other duty, but his tour is to pass him. 1887Harper's Mag. June 129/2 The ‘machine-tenders’..work in ‘tours’ or ‘shifts’ twelve hours each. 1903Dialect Notes II. 345 The morning tour lasts from midnight until noon. 1939D. Hager Fund. Petroleum Industry ix. 212 These men work in shifts or ‘tours’ (pronounced towers) of 6 or 8 hrs. 1946R.A.F. Jrnl. May 153 The existing Editor having performed his tour of duty and taken up other duties in the Service. 1975L. Crook Oil Terms 60 The Driller is responsible for his crew and the running of the rig during his eight or twelve hour ‘tour’. 1981‘J. Ross’ Dark Blue & Dangerous xxvii. 158 He's too soft, and..I don't know how he did the rest of his tour of duty without showing it on his face.
2.
†a. A turning round, circular movement, revolution (in quot. 1688 fig.). Obs. rare.
1477Caxton Jason 95 b, They go to the masse..for to make their tours and signes thenne for ony deuocion. 1688Burnet Lett. conc. St. Italy 175 After the many tours, that the matter made in the many Ballotings, it came to the fixing of the last three out of whom the Doge was to be chosen. 1712Blackmore Creation ii. 77 The Tours by Heav'nly Bodies made. 1719De Foe Crusoe xix. (1840) I. 349 He made so many Tours..and led us by such winding Ways.
b. Dancing. Also with pronunc. (‖ tur). In a cotillion, a circular movement by the dancers. In Ballet, a turn by a solo dancer; tour en l'air, such a turn while leaping in the air.
1841Mrs. Gaskell Lett. (1966) 822 The cotillion was so pretty—such amusing & graceful tours. 1930Craske & Beaumont Theory & Pract. Allegro Class. Ballet 94 (heading) Series of tours en dedans en diagonale. 1948A. H. Franks Approach to Ballet iii. 45 Used sparingly, tours can become most effective highlights in a male solo. 1958[see plié]. 1960M. Wood Advanced Historical Dances 93 The refrain had been replaced by a fixed series of movements called Tours, forming a framework into which the figures were fitted. The Tours in order of performance were these: (1) Grand Rond. All take hands in a ring and go round both ways. [Etc.] 1963Times 29 May 13/4 Mr. Flindt..can produce effortless, waist-high cabrioles, yet is often constricted, even rough, in tours. 1977Times 5 May 11/8 The skill with which she sustained the series of tours en l'air in her solo.
3. A going or travelling round from place to place, a round; an excursion or journey including the visiting of a number of places in a circuit or sequence; often qualified, as cycling tour, walking tour, wedding tour; esp. a circuitous journey embracing the principal places of the country or region mentioned. Also, † an account of such a journey. on tour, touring: see tour v. 2.
the (grand) tour, a journey through France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, formerly fashionable, esp. as a finishing course in the education of young men of rank: see grand tour.
1643Denham Cooper's H. 183 Visits the World, and in his flying towers Brings home to us, and makes both Indies ours. 1652Evelyn St. France Misc. Writ. (1805) 46 A traveller..making the tour as they call it. 1688Burnet Lett. conc. St. Italy 155 He made the Tower of Italy with him this year. 1697W. Dampier Voy. round World (1699) 104 Having made a Tour, or Semi-circular March they return to the Sea again. 1748–1869 [see grand tour]. 1779Mirror No. 57 ⁋15 Manly and I..had set out together to make the tour of Europe. 1812Combe (title) Dr. Syntax's Tour in Search of the Picturesque. Ibid. 1, I'll make a tour—and then I'll write it. 1815Scott Guy M. xiv, He..resolved..to make a short tour of a fortnight. 1817Jane Austen Sanditon (1925) viii. 110 He read all the Essays, Letters, Tours & Criticisms of the day. 1821Byron Juan v. lii. 161 Nature..Resigns herself with exemplary patience To guide-books, rhymes, tours, sketches, illustrations. 1887Graphic 15 Jan. 62/1 An actor..‘on tour’ in the Vetah company. 1888Spectator 28 Apr. 561/1 President Carnot is on tour in the Gironde. Mod. We made the tour of the town and saw all the places of interest.
b. transf. and fig. A round.
1704Swift T. Tub Pref., Thrice have I forced my imagination to make the tour of my invention. 1718Lady M. W. Montagu Lett. (1887) I. 238 After having made their tour, the bride was again led..round the rooms. 1746Coetlogon (title) A Tour through the Animal World; or an historical and accurate Account of near 400 Animals, Birds, Fishes, Serpents, Insects, &c. 1857Jas. Hamilton Less. Gt. Biogr. (1859) 152 Making another tour of the company, each disciple filled his basket.
†c. A short outing taken for exercise, recreation, as a social function, or the like; also, the route taken on such occasions; in 17th c., in London, the drive round Hyde Park. Obs.
1656Duchess of Newcastle True Relation in Life (1886) 309, I go sometimes abroad..in my coach..about some of the streets, which we call here a tour, where all the chief of the town go to see and to be seen. 1665Pepys Diary 19 Mar., Mr. Povy and I in his coach to Hyde Parke, being the first day of the tour there. 1667Duchess of Newcastle Life Dk. of N. (1886) ii. 99 Whereas at first there were no more but four coaches that went the Tour,..all those that had sufficient means, and could go to the price, kept coaches, and went the Tour for their own pleasure. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 250 Now and then making a little tour about the fields, and towards the mountains. 1773Life N. Frowde 46 Whilst the Ship staied at Cork we were perpetually diverted with Visits,..Tours into the adjacent Country, and Entertainments at Home.
d. The circuit of an island, etc.; a round.
1719De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. x. 162 My next design was to make a tour round the island. 1748Anson's Voy. iii. v, He one day, attended by some of his officers, endeavoured to make the tour of the Island. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) II. 124 The tour is something above fifteen Italian, or three German miles.
†4.
a. A crescent front of false hair (F. tour de cheveux). Obs. exc. Hist.
Cf. also taure. Also, in this sense, by confusion with tower n.1, spelt 7 towr, 7–8 tower.
1674Lond. Gaz. No. 900/4 Lost.., a Red Russia leather Trunk about two foot long..; a very light curled Tower and Locks,..with..other wearing apparel in it for Women. 1676G. Etherege Man of Mode ii. i, Her Tour wou'd Keep in Curl no longer. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Tower, a Woman's false Hair on their Fore-heads. 1727–41Chambers Cycl., Tour of hair, a tress or border of hair, going round the head, which mingled dextrously with the natural hair, lengthens and thickens it. a1732Gay Toilette Poems 1737 II. 81 Ancient matrons with their frizled tow'rs. 1837Thackeray Ravenswing vii, People in tours and pig-tails.
b. See also tower n.1 6 b.
II. Figurative uses (mostly from French).
†5. A course to turn to; a shift, device, expedient.
1555T. Phaer æneid ii. D iij b, What shift? what tour is best we take? 1699Vanbrugh False Friend iii. iii, We are still in the dark. I have one tour yet. Impudence be my aid!
†6. A mode of phraseology; a ‘turn’ given to a phrase or sentence, etc. Obs.
1685Boyle Enq. Notion Nat. ii. 39 A dextrous Writer may oftentimes be able to give such a Form (or, as the Modern Frenchmen speak), such a Tour to his many-ways variable Expressions, as to avoid the necessity of making use of the Word Nature. 1751J. Brown Shaftesb. Charac. 32 With regard to the oratory of the bar,..it is easy to observe, what a different tour the learned council takes, in addressing himself to the judge or jury.
†7. Manner of presenting or exhibiting anything; an aspect given to a matter. Obs.
1687Burnet Reply to Varillas 28 Yet Mr. Varillas has a sublime tour in every thing, so that instead of setting before us the reasons which led him to depend upon such an Author,..he gives one, which indeed no man beside himself would ever have thought on. Ibid. 119, I find I judged too well of his Invention, in ascribing to him those Romantick Tours that he gave matters. a1734North Exam. iii. vi. §22 (1740) 438 The next Tour of the Author..is to demonstrate, that although there were very good Reasons for the King to indulge the Fanatics.., yet he did it for none of those, but for other Reasons that were abominably bad.
†8. The course or compass of anything; what it amounts to; range, scope. Obs.
1697Bentley Phal. (1699) 81 The latter part of his Life was the whole Tour and Compass that the Sophist designed to write of. 1713― Free-thinking xviii. 36 The whole Tour of the Passage is this: A man given to Superstition can have no security, day or night, waking or sleeping. 1737Waterland Eucharist vii. 232 Such is the Tour of the Argument, such the Chain of Ideas that forms it.
†9. Manner or mode of being. Obs.
1702Farquhar Inconstant v. ii, Something I saw of a well-furnished, careless, agreeable tour about you. 1736Mrs. Manley Secret Mem. III. 204 The new-fashion Tour of Religion and Politicks.
†10. A round, a course (of engagements, etc.).
1711Steele Spect. No. 156 ⁋4 Scarce one of all the Women who are in the Tour of Gallantries ever hear any thing of what is the common Sense of sober Minds.
11. One of the several trills, variations, or changes in the song of a trained canary.
1906Daily Chron. 20 Oct. 6/7 There are..in all, some twenty known trills or ‘tours’ in the song of a really accomplished roller canary.
III. 12. attrib. and Comb., as tour-book, tour bus, tour director, tour guide, tour-making, tour operator, tour party, tour-writer, tour-writing; tour-money, money paid for travelling fare and accommodation on a tour.
1767Bush Hibernia Cur. (1769) p. vi, Neglected by the..tour-writers. 1793W. Roberts Looker-On No. 74 (1794) III. 171 The rage for tour-writing, which prevails in the female world. 1824McCulloch Highl., etc. Scot. I. 41, I shall be obliged to write a tour book myself. 1869P. Landreth Life & Min. A. Thomson i. 1 This occasional tour-making did not break up the continuity of his energetic life. 1909Daily Chron. 5 Aug. 4/4 A third member of the party took fright..and requested the return of the tour-money. 1952Galaxy June 56/2 I'm the tour director. Can I help you? 1965J. A. Michener Source (1966) 22 That afternoon the first excursionists stopped at the tell, asking to see the Candlestick of Death, and the next morning a tour bus arrived. 1971M. McCarthy Birds of America 107 Their tour director, who had met them at Le Havre. 1973P. Theroux Saint Jack xviii. 219 The tour-guide had started his spiel. 1976J. Snow Cricket Rebel 47, I could only wait anxiously for the announcement of the names of the tour party to visit the West Indies that winter of 1967–68. 1981Sunday Express Mag. 11 Oct. 9/1 (Advt.), We've taken more British holiday-makers here than any other tour operator. 1981M. Kenyon Zigzag xi. 67 He was agonizingly shy... Guiding tour parties petrified him.
Add:[I.] [3.] e. Motor-racing, Cycling, etc. [F. tour (de circuit).] A single circuit of a race-track, a lap.
1954F. C. Avis Cyclists Ref. Dict. 113 Tour, the riding round one lap of a cycle race track. 1976Milton Keynes Express 11 June 42/4 The meeting opened with the 1275 GT Mini challenge which was won by Paul Taft after leading for all but the first two tours. 1988Kart & Superkart July 28/1 Brennan went into the last tour still with a huge lead over Jones.
▪ II. tour, v.|tʊə(r)|
[f. tour n.]
†1.
a. intr. To ‘take a turn’ in or about a place, esp. riding or driving. Obs.
1746Mrs. Delany in Life & Corr. (1861) II. 443 The coach is ready for D. D. and me to tour in the park, and to see my lord's improvements. 1760Ibid. III. 619 The Duchess has carried us to tour about the park and to see her hot-house.
b. To turn, direct one's steps. dial.
1768Ross Helenore i. 33 Aff I scours Blessing my lucky stars, an' hame I tours.
2. intr. To make a tour or circuitous journey, in which many places are visited, usually without retracing one's steps; to make a prolonged excursion for recreation or business; spec. of an actor, a theatrical company, or the like: to go ‘on tour’, to travel from town to town fulfilling engagements.
1789A. C. Bower Diaries & Corr. (1903) 97 We are all got thus far touring for Health. 1799Coleridge Lett., to T. Poole (1895) 306 The man who toured with me in Wales and afterwards published his ‘Tour’. 1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. x. vii. (1872) III. 276 Algarotti..has been touring about as a celebrity these four years past. 1886Cyclist's Tour. Club Gaz. IV. 126 A word of advice to those about to tour at Easter. 1897Literature 13 Nov. 123/2 [He] has made up his mind to take up once again lecturing work, and he will tour in several of the large American towns. 1907H. Wyndham Flare of Footlights xii, Godfrey Deane has decided not to tour,..so I shall ask Antony for the part.
3. a. trans. To make the tour or round of, to tour in (a country or district).
1885J. Coleman in Longm. Mag. VII. 67 Barrett organised a company with which..he toured the provinces. 1887Bicycling News 8 Oct. 3/2 He landed at Melbourne, and toured the colonies with great success. 1898Westm. Gaz. 25 Jan. 5/3 Mr. R. is this week touring his constituency. 1899Ibid. 2 Feb. 9/1 To tour India..with an English amateur cricket team.
b. To cover (a distance) in touring.
1891in Pall Mall Gaz. 12 Feb. 1/2 One good performance on the path does more to arouse attention than 20,000 miles quietly toured.
4. spec. (Theatr.) To take (a play or entertainment) on tour; to tour with. Also with a performer as obj.
1897Westm. Gaz. 22 May 8/1 ‘The County Fair’, the American drama..now being toured in the provinces by Mr. Neil Burgess's Company. 1904Ibid. 12 Feb. 5/2 It is the intention of the lecturer to tour his illustrated entertainment in the provinces. 1910Stage Year Bk. 52 This production [Peter Pan] was magnificently staged in Sydney, but the business was poor, and it was never toured. 1920Glasgow Herald 10 June 7 Mr. Quinlan..recently toured Madame Tetrazzini and Signor Caruso. 1922Joyce Ulysses 92 The idea is to tour the chief towns... Mary Anderson is up there now... Louis Werner is touring her.
⁋Touring in Capt. Smith Virginia (1624) vi. New Eng. 212 is an error for turning in the earlier Descr. New Eng. (1616) 17.
Hence ˈtouring ppl. a., that tours.
1832F. Trollope Dom. Manners Amer. II. xxxiii. 236 To this frail shelter..nearly all the touring gentlemen..find their way. 1867Harper's Mag. Dec. 96/1 As railways have multiplied, the formation of what are called Touring-parties, for the purpose of giving concerts and operas in the provinces, has become the business of many. 1870Athenæum 15 Oct. 506 A touring troupe of singers from this country. 1883Pall Mall Gaz. 27 Oct. 4/1 Town-abiding and touring Americans. 1888J. Pennell ibid. 25 Oct. 5 From the standpoint of a touring cycler. 1895Roberts & Morton Adventures Arthur Roberts xiii. 159 Whether from preference or economy,..this touring company generally slept at night on the beach. 1969G. Greene Travels with my Aunt i. xi. 105 The touring company..came after my Paris days. It was in Paris that I was spotted by Mr Visconti... ‘He was a great amateur of..the stage.’ 1983Times 7 Sept. 3/4 Scunthorpe is a regular stop-off point for touring companies.
Add:5. intr. Of a motor car: to travel at a slow speed, esp. as a result of a mechanical fault; to crawl.
1908Isle of Man Weekly Times 18 Sept. 4/1 All the cars simply toured along. 1927Peel City Guardian 18 June 6/5 Bennett's engine had given out..and he came touring in, and retired. 1987Autosport 28 May 5/1 Bettenhausen was touring into the pits along the track apron, in his March–Cosworth 86C, when a loose right front wheel fell off.
▪ III. tour
obs. form of tower, twire. |