| 释义 |
▪ I. toxin|ˈtɒksɪn|
Also erron. -ine.
[f. tox-ic + -in1.]
a. A specific poison, usually of an albuminous nature, esp. one produced by a microbe, which causes a particular disease when present in the system of a human or animal body.
1886E. R. Lankester Advancem. Science (1890) 168 In other cases the toxin and the vaccin seem almost certainly to be distinct. 1891Lancet 3 Oct. 792 In a few cases..the introduction of the toxines secreted by the bacilli sufficed to set up a commencement of the process in the joints characteristic of rheumatism. 1904Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 Sept. 557 The union of toxin and antitoxin is dissociable. 1905G. A. Reid Princ. Heredity ii. 21 Toxins, extremely complex chemical compounds, are defensive weapons which protect the organisms producing them from their enemies, the phagocytes of the blood and tissues.
b. attrib. and Comb.
1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 893 In order to produce an immunity all that is required is to render the body toxin-proof. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXVI. 66/2 In the development of toxin-immunity the doses, small at first, are gradually increased. 1903Brit. Med. Jrnl. 4 Apr. 784 No proof is afforded..of a separate toxophore group in the toxin molecule. 1904Ibid. 10 Sept. 576 The chemical interpretation of toxin-antitoxin antagonism. 1910Hiss & Zinsser Text-bk. Bacteriol. xiii. 204 This work..showed that the element of time entered into the toxin-antitoxin reaction, just as it enters into reactions of known chemical nature. 1923Daily Mail 16 Feb. 5/2 Since May in that borough 250 children have been tested and protection has been conferred on 70 by injection of the toxin-anti-toxin mixture. 1951Whitby & Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 5) vi. 70 Toxin-antitoxin mixtures become highly toxic if frozen. 1975E. Nnochiri Med. Microbiol. in Tropics iii. 43/1 Large visible floccules may be produced following a toxin-antitoxin reaction.
Hence ‖ toxinæmia |-ˈiːmɪə| [Gr. αἷµα blood], the presence of a toxin in the blood: cf. toxæmia (tox-1), toxicæmia (toxico-).
1900Buck's Handbk. Med. Sc. I. 284 Various toxæmic conditions..and the different toxinæmias induced by the infectious diseases—diphtheria and typhoid or typhus fever.
▪ II. toxin
rare obs. spelling of tocsin. |