| 释义 |
▪ I. trading, vbl. n.|ˈtreɪdɪŋ|
[f. trade v. + -ing1.]
a. The action of the verb trade in various senses; esp. the carrying on of trade; buying and selling; commerce, trade, traffic. trading down, trading up (see quot. 1963 and trade v. 6 e).
1590[see b]. 1615in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 168 Either of us might assist each other in free Trading in those parts. 1645Milton Tetrach. Wks. 1851 IV. 220 So to serve the commodity of insatiable trading, usury shall be permitted. 1654Nicholas Papers (Camden) II. 82 Hee will stopp all tredding by sea that way. 1799in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 219 To prohibit the trading for slaves. 1885Athenæum 5 Sept. 302/1 Successful trading was not at that date quite so important. 1963Gloss. Managem. Terms (Brit. Inst. Managem.) (Typescript), Trading down, a seller's practice of handling cheap or low-grade products in order to secure higher volume sales (usually at a low rate of profit with a high stock turn). Ibid., Trading up, a seller's practice of handling expensive or high-grade products in order to gain prestige and secure a better class of trade (usually at a high rate of profit with a low stock turn). 1971Daily Tel. 13 Mar. 20/5 This second house is almost certain to be more expensive... Any capital gain on the first home will almost certainly be more than devoured by the additional cost of this ‘trading up’. 1976Times 6 Nov. 18/8 When prices increase..there is a strong tendency to..buying in smaller quantities or items of poorer quality. This is known in advertising jargon as ‘trading down’.
b. attrib. and Comb.; in sense ‘of, pertaining to, or connected with trade’, as trading course, trading line, trading origin; ‘intended for trade or barter’, as trading articles, trading cloth, trading goods; ‘frequented for, employed in, made or done for trading’, as trading-boat, trading centre, trading craft, trading journey, trading path, trading port, trading-scow, trading ship, trading smack, trading station, trading tax, trading vessel, trading voyage; trading account, an account showing the revenue from sales during a period, the cost of those sales, the stock at the beginning and end of the period, and the resulting gross profit or loss; trading estate, an area of land specially developed to accommodate light industry; trading floor, the area in a stock exchange where the dealing is done; trading-house, a building in which barter was carried on with the Indians in North America; trading-place, † (a) a place of resort or passage; (b) a place frequented for trade; trading profit, profit as shown in a trading account; gross profit; trading-rat = trade rat s.v. trade n. 16; trading stamp orig. U.S., an adhesive stamp given by a retailer to a customer when he buys goods of a certain value and exchangeable in quantity for goods from the company issuing the stamp.
1920*Trading account [see cost account s.v. cost n.2 6]. 1978J. Kellock Elements of Accounting x. 174 In the final form, accounts are divided into two sections referred to as the trading account and the profit and loss account.
1738W. Stephens Jrnl. 15 June in A. D. Candler Colonial Rec. State of Georgia (1906) IV. 156 An Indian *Trading Boat arrived. 1867J. N. Edwards Shelby xx. 364 Marmaduke..hoped to capture a trading-boat, and thus put an immediate quietus on the cotton trade. 1923‘R. Daly’ Enchanted Island xv. 154 I'm trying to figure out our chances of being picked up if we stay here. It's not on the track of any regular trading-boats.
1904Archæologia æliana XXV. ii. 255 note, The ports and *trading-centres of the Mediterranean.
1672Sir W. Talbot Discov. J. Lederer 26 Your best Truck is a sort of course *Trading Cloth, of which a yard and a half makes a Matchcoat.
1937Ann. Reg. 1936 8 The Commissioner for the Special Areas of England and Wales..issued a report... His chief object now, he said, was to establish in the Special Areas what he called ‘*trading estates’ for the purpose of attracting to these areas fresh industries, particularly of the lighter type. 1981B. Hines Looks & Smiles 31 They..caught a bus out to the Ring Road where a Trading Estate was being developed to attract new industries to the city.
1947Encycl. Brit. XXI. 422/1 As a market place, the *trading floor of the New York Stock exchange affords exactly the same fundamental facilities that a public market does for the housewife. 1971Sunday Australian 8 Aug. 13/9 He also suggested..greater use of electronic equipment, culminating in the elimination of the current trading floor. 1981Times 19 July 22/1 The trading floor appeared unusally empty. 1984Christian Science Monitor 2 Mar. 10/3 They have to figure out what stocks to buy when the bulls return to the trading floor.
1796Saskatchewan Jrnls. (Hudson's Bay Rec. Soc.) (1967) 73 Sent four men with ten horses to Buckingham House for *trading goods.
1637in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll. (1863) VI. 215 They say he came from a *trading howse which Plymouth men have at Qunnihticut. 1676in I. Mather K. Philip's War (1862) 99 That the Indian Trading-houses..be suppressed. 1726S. Penhallow in New Hampsh. Hist. Soc. Coll. (1824) I. 21 Trading-houses in several places were hereupon engaged. 1899H. B. Cushman Hist. Indians 478 A trading house for the accommodation of the Chickasaws has been established at the Bluffs.
1775Adair Amer. Ind. 395 The ford of the old *trading path, where the enemy now and then passed the river.
1590Greene Never too Late O iv, Flora did checker all her *trading place. 1755L. Evans Geogr. Ess. 10 The situation of Indian Villages, trading Places, the Creeks [etc.]. 1883W. E. Howe Country Town xv. 84, I had never been to Twin Mounds, as there was a post-office and a small trading place several miles nearer.
1719De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. xii. 251 To put into the first *trading port.
1940Economist 25 May 936/1 A double record of *trading profits and also of true net profits has been kept. 1966Daily Tel. 30 June 1/5 Sears Engineering made trading profits of {pstlg}2,344,000.
1895St. Nicholas Apr. 501/2, I would like to write an entire paper on the droll ways of certain distinguished members of the Wood-rat, Pack-rat, *Trading-rat, or Bush-rat genus.
1875‘Mark Twain’ in Atlantic Monthly Feb. 219/2 He ran over the steering-oar of a *trading-scow.
1897Catal. Title Entries of Bks. (Office Reg. Copyright, Libr. of Congr.) No. 326. 21 *Trading stamp book issued by Washington Trading Stamp Company. (Received Sept. 30, 1897.) 1901Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 30 Oct. 2/4 The city council..have passed a by-law prohibiting the use of trading stamps or coupons within the municipality. 1933Parl. Papers 1932–3 XII. 387 (Cmd. 4385) 12 A trading stamp company sells collecting books and stamps to retailers. 1964S. Bellow Herzog 121 Postage stamps and trading stamps soaking on the formica counter. 1977Times 10 May 15/1 The Tesco supermarket chain..has just decided to withdraw from the trading stamp business.
1895C. M. Yonge Long Vacation xviii. 181 He..set her up at Rockquay with the tobacco-shop. She had chosen that place on account of American *trading-vessels putting in there.
1745Roxana 427 He..told me, he could help me to a Share in two Ships, one was going a *trading Voyage to the Coast of Africa, and the other a Privateering. 1809R. Langford Introd. Trade 111 The voyage may be..to several ports, which is called a trading voyage.
▪ II. ˈtrading, ppl. a.
[f. as prec. + -ing2.]
That trades, in various senses of the verb; esp. engaged in trade, commercial.
1690Child Disc. Trade (1698) 2 They have in their greatest councils of state and war, trading-merchants that have lived abroad in most parts of the world. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 20 These rob the trading citizens [bees]. 1711Addison Spect. No. 69 ⁋1 Factors in the Trading World are what Ambassadors are in the Politick World. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. 263 A great trading or manufacturing town. 1874Green Short Hist. vi. §3. 282 The trading and industrial classes.
Comb.1727[Dorrington] Philip Quarll Pref., Busy Worlds and Trading-Peopled Towns.
†b. That trades in or makes a trade of something (e.g. a public office or position). Obs.
1787Sir J. Hawkins Johnson 214 The duke of Newcastle..gave him [Fielding] a nominal qualification of 100 l. a year, and set him up as a trading-justice, in which disreputable station he died. 1796Grose's Dict. Vulg. T. (ed. 3), Trading Justices, Broken mechanics, discharged footmen, and other low fellows, smuggled into the commission of the peace, who subsist by fomenting disputes, granting warrants, and other⁓wise retailing justice. 1812Examiner 30 Nov. 767/1 The Court treated the defendant as a systematic and trading libeller. 1839Ld. Brougham Statesm. Geo. III, Canning 289 The common herd of trading politicians. |