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单词 tradition
释义 I. tradition, n.|trəˈdɪʃən|
Also 4–6 -icion.
[a. OF. tradicion, -iccion (1292 in Godef.), in 15th c. tradition, = Pr. tradition, Sp. tradicion, It. tradizione, ad. L. trāditio, -ōnem ‘delivery, surrender, handing down, a saying handed down, instruction or doctrine delivered’, as in traditio evangelica, catholica traditio (Tertullian).]
1. The action of handing over (something material) to another; delivery, transfer. (Chiefly in Law.)
1540in R. G. Marsden Sel. Pl. Crt. Adm. (1894) I. 99 The byer..may entre and take possession of the said shipe goods..withowte any further tradicion or delyvery.1601W. Watson Sparing Discov. 13 In that a Priest is made by tradition of the Chalice, Patten, and Host into his hands.1658Bramhall Consecr. Bps. xi. 225 Then followeth..lastly the tradition of the Bible into his hands.1766Blackstone Comm. II. xx. 307 A deed takes effect only from this tradition or delivery.1773Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. ii. i. §18 Tradition, which may be defined, the delivery of the possession of a subject by the proprietor, with an intention to transfer the property of it to the receiver.1774S. Hallifax Anal. Rom. Law (1795) 25 Justinian abolished the distinction, and gave to Tradition, or simple delivery, all the effects of the ancient Mancipation.1884Cath. Dict. (ed. 2) 626 Handing to the new priest the paten and chalice—an act commonly called the ‘tradition of the instruments’.
2.
a. A giving up, surrender; betrayal. Obs.
1482Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 19 The office and seruice of owr lord ihesu cryste ys tradicion and passion was solenly songe.1611W. Sclater Key (1629) 103 By tradition or deliuering them vp to the power of Sathan.1653Manton Exp. James i. 13 Wks. 1871 IV. 92 A judicial tradition and delivering them up to the power of Satan and their own vile affections.
b. spec. in Ch. Hist. Surrender of sacred books in times of persecution: cf. traditor 2.
1840Milman Hist. Chr. II. 369 The consecration of a bishop guilty of tradition, was the principal ground on which his election was annulled.Ibid. 371 Both denounced their adversaries as guilty of the crime of tradition.1874J. H. Blunt Dict. Sects (1886) 128/2 The crime of Tradition was a new one [Diocletian era]. [1908C. Bigg Orig. Chr. xxxvi. (1909) 484 In Gaul the Donatists themselves allowed that the sin of traditio had not occurred.]
3. a. Delivery, esp. oral delivery, of information or instruction. Now rare.
a1500H. Medwall Nature 60 Arystotell Whyche hath left in bokys of hys tradycyon How euery thyng by heuynly constellacyon Is brought to effecte.1575Gascoigne Making of Verse in Steele Gl., etc. (Arb.) 33, I couet rather to satisfie you particularly, than to vndertake a generall tradition.1605Bacon Adv. Learn. ii. xvi. §1 The expressing or transferring our Knowledge to others..I will tearme by the general name of Tradition or Deliuerie.1667Jer. Taylor Dissuas. Popery ii. i. iii. 102 Tradition is any way of delivering a thing, or word to another; and so every doctrine of Christianity is by Tradition. I have deliver'd unto you, saith S. Paul, that Christ died for our sins.1868M. Pattison Academ. Org. vii. 327 A national institute for the preservation and tradition of useful knowledge.
b. An ordinance or institution orally delivered.
1382Wyclif Col. ii. 8 Se ȝe that no man disseyue ȝou by philosofye and veyn fallace..vp the tradicioun of men, vp elementis of this world, and not vp Crist.1563Winȝet Four Scoir Thre Quest. §63 Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 115 The Apostill St. Paull commandit in sindry places his traditionis to be keipet.1565Stapleton tr. Staphylus' Apol. 153 b, They putt out of S. Paule the worde Traditions, and put in his place sometime Ordinaunces sometime Institutions.
c. Tradition of the Creed (Ch. Hist.): oral instruction upon the Creed given to catechumens.
1888Cassell's Encycl. Dict. s.v., Tradition of the Creed,..the instruction formerly given on certain days to the catechumens upon the Creed at mass. The time and place varied in different Churches. In the Mozarabic Missal it still retains its place before the Epistle on Palm Sunday. At Rome it took place on the Wednesday in Mid-Lent.
4. a. The action of transmitting or ‘handing down’, or fact of being handed down, from one to another, or from generation to generation; transmission of statements, beliefs, rules, customs, or the like, esp. by word of mouth or by practice without writing. Chiefly in phrase by tradition.
1591Savile Tacitus' Hist. (1604) 53 Old songs delivered to them, by tradition, from their fathers.1625N. Carpenter Geog. Del. ii. xviii. (1635) 282 Some few customes preserued by tradition, not writing.1626T. Ailesbury Passion Serm. 3 Punishments which hung over their heads, and, by the tradition of just revenge, upon their children.1658Phillips, Tradition,..a bequeathing any Doctrine to posterity from age to age.1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 191 Rivetted in their minds by tradition from father to son.1818Hallam Mid. Ages ix. i. (1819) III. 335 The memory of Greece and Rome would have been feebly preserved by tradition.1854Milman Lat. Chr. iv. iv. (1864) II. 277 Fragments..tinged with Christian allusion in their later tradition from bard to bard.
b. quasi-personified, usually as a speaker. (Cf. fame n.1 1 b, rumour n. 2 b.)
1658Baxter Saving Faith 87 Tradition having published it, your labour is to be a great deal the more acceptable for the Authors sake.1686W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. i. 37 Paintings..which Tradition affirm'd to be Antienter than the Foundation of Rome.1797Ht. Lee Canterb. T., Old Woman's T. (1799) I. 333 Tradition tells us of numberless miracles performed here!1863M. Howitt F. Bremer's Greece II. xvi. 153 Wolves, so says tradition, first took gold to Delphi.
5. a. That which is thus handed down; a statement, belief, or practice transmitted (esp. orally) from generation to generation.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 392 I-bounden oonly by a posityue lawe or a tradycion þat þai han hem sijlfe made.1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) II. 225 Matussale..lyvenge..to the grete floode of Noe, and noo longer, after the trewe tradicion.1599Shakes. Hen. V, v. i. 76 Go, go,..will you mocke at an ancient Tradition began vppon an honourable respect?1704Nelson Fest. & Fasts xiii. (1739) 159 The..Traditions published under his Name are rejected..as spurious.1851D. Wilson Preh. Ann. (1863) II. iv. ii. 234 The traditions associated with these..monuments.1872Morley Voltaire i. (1886) 4 A collective religious tradition that had lost its virtue.1878Simpson Sch. Shaks. I. 4 Stucley's life has been surrounded with a complete cloud of traditions.
b. More vaguely: A long established and generally accepted custom or method of procedure, having almost the force of a law; an immemorial usage; the body (or any one) of the experiences and usages of any branch or school of art or literature, handed down by predecessors and generally followed. In quot. 1818, an embodiment of an old established custom or institution, a ‘relic’.
1593Shakes. Rich. II, iii. ii. 173 Throw away Respect, Tradition, Forme, and Ceremonious dutie.1818Lady Morgan Autobiog. (1859) 183 The duke is a tradition of the grands seigneurs of the courtly times of France, a tradition fast wearing out.1865R. W. Dale Jew. Temp. ix. (1877) 89 The glorious traditions of their race seemed against them.1882Freeman Amer. Lect. ii. v. 381 The tradition is that a President [of U.S.] may be re-elected once and once only.1891Leeds Mercury 2 May 6/4 A scheme..which was contrary to Conservative traditions.
6. spec. (Theol. and Eccl.)
a. Among the Jews, Any one, or the whole, of an unwritten code of regulations, etc. held to have been received from Moses, and handed down orally from generation to generation and embodied in the Mishnah.
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. II. 78 But whi breken ȝe Goddis maundement, for ȝoure veyn tradicioun?1382Matt. xv. 2 Whi thi disciplis ouerpassen, or breken, the tradiciouns [gloss or statutis] of elder men [1534 Tindale, the tradicions of the elders]?1585Abp. Sandys Serm. i. 11 Vnder the name of doctrine receiued from Moses by word of mouth, without writing, that is to say tradition, the Scribes and Pharisees were able smoothlie to carie away any thing, til Christ recalled all things to the Lawe.1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 170 When two Rabbins (saith their Talmud) maintaine contrary opinions, yet must not men contradict them, because both of them hath his Kabala or Tradition for the same.1877C. Geikie Christ II. xliv. 205 The commands or ‘traditions’ of the Fathers, handed down from the days of the Great Synagogue, but ascribed with pious exaggeration to the Almighty.
b. In the Christian Church, Any one, or the whole, of a body of teachings transmitted orally from generation to generation since early times; held by Roman Catholics to comprise teaching derived from Christ and the apostles, together with that subsequently communicated to the church by the Holy Spirit, and to be of equal authority with Scripture. Also (as in 4) the transmission of such teaching.
1551T. Wilson Logike (1580) 36 The Churche maie make Lawe, and appointe Tradicions, whatsoeuer thei be.1562Articles of Religion xxxiv, Whosoever..doth openly break the traditions and ceremonies of the Church which be not repugnant to the word of God.1667Milton P.L. xii. 512 The truth With superstitions and traditions taint.1704Nelson Fest. & Fasts v. ii. (1739) 501 It being the Tradition of the Church.1737Challoner Cath. Chr. Instr. (1753) 213 The Sunday, or the Lord's-Day, which we observe by Apostolical Tradition instead of the Sabbath.1867Brande & Cox Dict. Sc., etc., Tradition, in Theology..is commonly employed to denote any doctrine or alleged fact, delivered or handed down, and received on the faith that the first to whom it was delivered received it from an authentic source.
c. Among Muslims, An account of sayings and doings of Muhammad, not contained in the Koran, but transmitted at first orally, and afterwards recorded; esp. those accepted as authoritative by the Sunnites or orthodox Muslims, but rejected by the Shiites: = Sunna.
1718Ockley Hist. Saracens II. 87 The Muslemans (who intitle themselves Sonnites, that is Observers of the Tradition, and Orthodox).1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Sonna, There are also sectaries among the Mahometans, called Shiites, who reject the traditions of the Sonnites.1860Gardner Faiths of World, Sonnah, the Tradition of the Mohammedans, being the authentic record of the sayings and doings of the Prophet... There are six collections of the Sonnite traditions, and four of those of the Schiites.
7. attrib. and Comb., as tradition-bound, tradition-following, tradition-nourished, tradition-ridden adjs.; tradition-monger; tradition-directed a., applied to persons whose behaviour and goals are largely directed by social conventions; cf. inner-directed adj. s.v. inner a. (n.2) 1 n, other-directed adj. s.v. other adj. pron. (n.) D. 2; Tradition Sunday (Ch. Hist.), a name for Palm Sunday, as the day of ‘tradition of the creed’ (see 3 c) in some churches.
1719J. T. Philipps tr. Thirty-four Confer. 5 Believing..the Fables and Reveries of Tradition-mongers, your Poets and Doctors.1888Cassell's Encycl. Dict. s.v., Tradition-Sunday.1895Westm. Gaz. 17 May 7/2 To think that the tradition-bound Austria-Hungary, of all countries in Europe, should be the first to call a Pole to the post of Foreign Minister!1901Academy 26 Jan. 81/1 The prosy formula-ridden, tradition-following, go-by-rule eighteenth century.1901Weekly Regr. 19 Apr. 485/2 The tradition-nourished intellectual life so distinctive of the Catholic Church.1910Westm. Gaz. 25 June 2/3 Experiments..for the warning or encouragement of a more crowded and tradition-ridden island.1950D. Riesman Lonely Crowd i. 9 The society of high growth potential develops in its typical members a social character whose conformity is insured by their tendency to follow tradition: these I shall term tradition-directed people and the society in which they live a society dependent on tradition-direction.1959Times 3 Sept. 13/5 He insists warmly on the importance of establishing three main categories of social character among writers... There are the inner-directed..the other [printed outer]-directed..and the tradition-directed.1970E. Flores in I. L. Horowitz Masses in Lat. Amer. ix. 333 In countries ruled by tradition-directed, ignorant landlords,..it is impossible to apply sophisticated redistributive policies.
II. traˈdition, v. rare.
[f. prec. n.]
trans. To transmit by tradition; to relate as a tradition.
1640Fuller Joseph's Coat, 1 Cor. xi. 23 (1867) 43 Παρέδωκα ὑµῖν... English it as you please, ‘I traditioned it unto you’.1655Ch. Hist. vi. iii. 318 The following story is..traditioned with very much credit amongst our English Catholicks.a1661Worthies, Somerset. (1662) iii. 20 This I may call a Charitable Curiosity, if true what is traditioned.1872Daily News 12 Aug., It is traditioned of Mr. Childers that he has been seen in a pea jacket.
So traˈditioned |-ʃənd| a. (rare), having traditions of a kind or to a degree specified by the prefixed word.
1850R. Simpson Mem. Worth iv. 47 The Crawick, a wild traditioned stream pours its waters into the Nith.1940W. de la Mare Pleasures & Speculations 14 One of the most ancient and richly traditioned cities of Denmark.
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