| 释义 |
▪ I. train, n.1|treɪn|
Forms: 4–6 trayn, 4–7 trayne, (5 treyne), 5–7 traine, 6–7 Sc. tryne, 6– train.
[In origin representing two French ns., traîne fem. (OF. also traïne, trahine) and train masc. (OF. traïn, also trahin), both held to be vbl. ns. from traîner to drag, draw, etc. (see train v.1) and corresponding respectively to It. traina, and to Pr. trahí, Sp. tragin (Diez), It. traino. Even in OF., traïn and traïne, though generally distinct, were sometimes used in the same sense. In English, with the loss of final e in pronunciation and its consequent non-significance in spelling, train and traîne were used indifferently from the 14th c., and in the 17th train became the only spelling. On this account, and esp. because senses have arisen in Eng. which have no French prototypes, it is not possible satisfactorily to distinguish two words corresponding to F. traîne and train. The order here followed is therefore tentative and practical. The F. form, when it exists, is given, and it will be seen that branch II corresponds in the main to F. traîne, and branch III to F. train. Branches I and IV contain representatives of both F. words.]
I. Nouns of action from F. traîner or Eng. train v.1 in various senses. All Obs.
†1. Tarrying, delay. [App. ‘a dragging out’ of time: cf. tract n.3 1, 1 b. OF. traîne, train ‘retard’.] In quots. 1553, for a train = for a while, for a little time. Obs.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 263 For þe pes to haue, he mad so long a trayne. Ibid. 264 Þorgh Edward long trayne Gascoyn is born doun, Non defendes his chayne, but only Bayoun. 1489Caxton Faytes of A. i. xix. 60 Men holde and kepe the in talkyng as by a long trayne fyndyng alwayes somme controuersies that nede not... But onely for to passe tyme. 1553Respublica v. vii. 1603 Thei wilbe heare soone, byde youe theim here for a traine. Ibid. ix. 1665, I leafte people heare for a traine to holde them talke.
†2.
a. Course or manner of running (of a horse); a course of riding [F. train ‘allure’]. Obs.
1581A. Hall Iliad viii. 136 His horse he [Jupiter] beates, the ayre they clime, aloft they skimme amaine, Betweene the earth and welkin hie, they tread a iolly trayne. a1625Fletcher Woman's Prize i. iii, A good tough train would break thee all to pieces. 1677Lovers Quarrel 266 in Hazl. E.P.P. II. 264 Your choice horses are wild and tough, And little they can skill of their train.
†b. A particular gait of a horse: see quots.
1565Blundevil Horsemanship i. iii. (1580) B j b, Their [Turky horses'] trauelling pace is neither amble, racke, nor trot; but a certaine kinde of easie traine. 1607Markham Caval. iv. i. (1617) 5 This shufling and broken incertaine pace,..is neither amble nor trot, but a mixture of both, as taking his time keeping from trotting, and his motion of legges from ambling, and so compound this which is called a Traine or Racking.
†3. Falconry. (?) A short flight given to a hawk while being trained. [Not in F.] Obs.
1616[see train n.2 4].
†4. Training, education. [Not in F.] Obs. rare—1.
1581Mulcaster Positions Ep. Ded. (1887) 3 The generall traine and bringing vp of youth.
II. That which drags or trails, or is trailed.
5. a. An elongated part of a robe or skirt trailing behind on the ground; commonly worn by women of rank or fashion when in full dress, and by sovereigns and high officials on state occasions, and sometimes borne by a page or attendant as train-bearer. [OF. train, also trainée; mod.F. traîne.]
c1440Promp. Parv. 499/1 Trayle, or trayne of a clothe, sirma. a1450in Wr.-Wülcker 564/42 Appendicium, a lady trayne et a pendaunt of a gyrdyll. Ibid. 612/22 Sirma, i. cauda vestis feminarum, a trayne. 1457Coventry Leet Bk. 299 Next folowed our seid souerayn lady, & the Duches of Buk[yngham] bere here Treyne. 1577F. de L'isle's Leg. B vj, Would you..wishe that of her who by duetie ought euen to cary vp my trayne I should make my sister in Law? a1600Bk. of Precedence (E.E.T.S.) 26 A Baronesse may haue no trayne borne; but haueing a goune with a trayne, she ought to beare it her selfe. 1617Moryson Itin. iii. 168 The ordinary Citizens Wiues haue their gownes made with long traines, which are pinned vp in the house. 1711Addison Spect. No. 42 ⁋1 The broad sweeping Train that follows her in all her Motions, and finds constant Employment for a Boy who stands behind her to open and spread it to Advantage. 1791–3in Spirit Pub. Jrnls. (1799) I. 138 He trod on her crape train. 1798Jane Austen Northang. Abb. v, They..pinned up each other's trains for the dance. 1858Doran Crt. Fools 117 The period [time of Rich. II] when ladies in England first wore trains.
b. The tail or tail-feathers of a bird, esp. when long and trailing, as in the peacock; in Falconry, the technical name for the tail of a hawk. † Also formerly, the tail of a quadruped (obs.), or of an insect. [Not in F.]
1579Twyne Phisicke agst. Fort. i. xlii. 44 b, Declaryng howe well that byrde [hawk] flue,..how many feathers of the trayne, and how many of the winges are remaning or lost. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. May 281 His tayle he [the fox] clapt betwixt his legs twayne, Lest he should be descried by his trayne. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, iii. iii. 7 Let frantike Talbot triumph for a while, And like a Peacock sweepe along his tayle, Wee'le pull his Plumes, and take away his Trayne. 1610J. Guillim Heraldry iii. xv. (1660) 178 The Lyon is one Colour, shaggie brested, with a certain tuft of haire in his traine. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 211 [The dodo's] traine [is] three small plumes. 1639T. de la Grey Compl. Horsem. 24 The trayne [of a horse] long, not too thick, and falling to the ground. 1693J. Clayton Acc. Virginia in Misc. Cur. (1708) III. 332 Their Turtle-Doves..the whole Train is longer much than the Tails of our Pidgeons. 1852R. F. Burton Falconry Valley Indus viii. 76 A splendid goshawk,..with..a queenly train.
c. The tail of a comet; a luminous trail, such as that following a meteor. [Not in F.]
1602Marston Antonio's Rev. i. iii, A blazing comet shot his threatning traine. 1602Shakes. Ham. i. i. 117 (Qo. 1604) As starres with traines of fier and dewes of blood, Disasters in the sunne. 1663J. Spencer Prodigies (1665) 32 The luminous tail or train of a Comet..seems to the eye of ignorance the emblem of a flaming sword, or firy rod. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. ii. 17 In falling [it] leaves the light foaming mass..as a train in the air behind. 1909Chambers Story of Comets 137 The curvature of the train [of Donati's comet, 1858].
6. poet. Applied to the current of a river, etc., also to the elongated body of a serpent. [Not in F.]
[c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. lxxviii. xx, All that rich land, where over Nilus trailes Of his wett robe the slymy seedy train.] 1667Milton P.L. vii. 306 Within those banks, where Rivers now Stream, and perpetual draw thir humid traine. 1695Blackmore Pr. Arth. ii. 153 Pure Crystal Rivers through the Meadows flow,..Their watry Train in Snaky Windings slides. 1727–46Thomson Summer 900 The green serpent..gathers up his train. c1742Gray Ignorance 4. 1808 Scott Marm. iii. Introd., Like streamlet..winding slow its silver train.
†7. Something dragged along the ground to make a scent or trail; a drag; also pieces of carrion or the like laid in a line or trail for luring certain wild beasts, as wolves, foxes, etc. into a trap [so F. trainée]. Obs.
1575Turberv. Venerie 187 Take a skynne of bacon.. and when it is well broyled..dippe it and puddle it in this sawce..and make a trayn therewith, and..if there be a foxe neare to any place where the trayne is drawne, he will followe it. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 527 The Hunters in some Countries..make a train with a Hogs liver sod, cut in pieces and anointed over with hony, and so anointing their shoos with Swines grease, draw after them a dead Cat, which will cause the beast to follow after very speedily. 1727Bradley's Fam. Dict. s.v. Animal, For Beasts of Prey, as the Wolf, Fox, Badger, Pole-Cat,..you must make a Train; and when you come to any of the Places you have so prepared, throw four or five Bits of your Train-Carrion upon it, and of Chickens Guts for smaller Beasts.
8. The (visible) track of an animal. rare—1. [Cf. OF. traîne = trace.]
1908N. Hebrides Mag. Jan. 19 The natives with me saw the train of a turtle on the sand. They thought to capture it, but did not succeed.
III. A suite or sequence of persons or things; a long series.
9. a. A number of persons following or attending on some one, usually a person of rank; a body of attendants, retainers, or followers; a retinue, suite; sometimes, the vehicles conveying the persons and baggage. [F. train, OF. traînée.]
a1440Sir Degrev. 1139 The Eorl and he with a trayn To the castel gan fare. 1513Douglas æneis xiii. viii. 48 Al the chymmys riall rownd abowt Was fyllyt with thar tryne and mekill rowt. 1535Coverdale 1 Kings x. 2 She came to Ierusalem with a maruelous greate trayne. 1669Lond. Gaz. No. 333/2 The Venetian Ambassador made his solemn Entry into this City, attended..by a large Train of Coaches. 1711Steele Spect. No. 113 ⁋3 She has ever had a Train of Admirers. 1833H. Martineau Vanderput & S. i, The long train of mourners. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 128 A train of listeners followed him.
b. Mil. The artillery and other apparatus for battle or siege, with the vehicles conveying them and the men in attendance, following or in readiness to follow an army. [F. train.]
1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. lxxvi. 96 Syr Wyllyam Montagu..yssued out a horsbacke, and folowed couertly the hynder trayne of the scottes, who had horses so charged with baggage, yt they might scant go any gret pace. 1643Chas. I Treaty at Uxbridge Wks. 1662 II. 527 The said Train of Artillery to be fitted in all points ready to march. 1712Steele Spect. No. 497 ⁋2 A blunt honest fellow, who had a command in the train of artillery. 1810Wellington in Gurw. Desp. (1838) VI. 88 They have collected a train of artillery at Salamanca for the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo. 1900Daily News 11 June 4/3 The military expression..‘our trains’, is apt to lead to misunderstanding..where the troops..have been actually travelling by railway trains.
†c. The rear of an army or body of soldiers. Obs. rare. [F. train.]
1598Barret Theor. Warres ii. i. 28 How to turne their faces, making front of either flanke or traine. Ibid. iii. ii. 55 The armed pikes..shall be..placed in the front and in traine of the battell.
10. fig. A set of attendant things, circumstances, or conditions; a series of consequences; in quot. 1638, something following, a sequel. Often in phr. in the train of, as a sequel to; so in its train.
1570Satir. Poems Reform. xix. 101 That Kingdome sall come to greit ruyne Quhen that deuissioun hes his suit and tryne. 1638R. Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. II.) 23 For a traine to this first favour I require from you a second. 1721Berkeley Prev. Ruin Gt. Brit. Wks. III. 202 This vice draweth after it a train of evils. 1768Sterne Sent. Journ., Passport Paris, The idea presented itself..with this in its train. 1833H. Martineau Brooke Farm xii, Education came in the train of other good things. 1871Smiles Charac. i. (1876) 9 There is no act, however trivial, but has its train of consequences.
11. A body of persons, animals, vehicles, etc., travelling together in order, esp. in a long line or procession; a succession of persons; fig. (chiefly poet.) a set or class of persons. [F. train.]
1489Caxton Faytes of A. i. xxiii. 70 A longe trayne of men of armes al clos togyder. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, ii. ii. 34 Which of this Princely trayne Call ye the Warlike Talbot? 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 291 The best Hawks..fly in Trains like Wild Geese. 1746Francis tr. Horace, Epist. ii. ii. 129 What milder Frenzy goads the rhiming Train? 1829Scott Anne of G. vii, The caravans, or large trains of waggons, by which the internal commerce..was carried on. 1884Gilmour Mongols 287 Camels, trains of which..may be seen making their way along the crowded streets.
12. A number of things following one another in time or order; a series or course of actions, events, etc.
a. A course of action in relation to its manner or purpose; method of procedure; manner of action; way of life; course, drift, or direction of a discourse, argument, etc. Now rare or Obs. (passing into b). [F. train.]
c1530(title) The ordre or Trayne of Warre, that a prynce or heed Captayne ought to take. 1534More Treat. Passion Wks. 1330/2 They..corrupte some well mynded menne, before they perceyue the trayne of theyr craftye purpose. 1580Sidney Ps. xv, He that leads of life an uncorrupted traine. a1677Barrow Serm. Wks. 1716 I. 39 God..by secret methods and undiscernable trains, ordereth all events. 1756Hume Hist. Eng. (1761) II. xxviii. 134 His splendid ostentatious train of life. 1836Random Recoll. Ho. Lords xvi. 388 You never misapprehend the train of his reasoning.
b. In general: A series, succession, sequence (of actions, events, thoughts, or phenomena); a continuous course (of action, reasoning, etc.). Freq. in train of thought.
c1645Howell Lett. (1650) I. 445 A wife is the best or worst fortune that can betide a man throughout the whole train of his life. 1651Hobbes Leviathan i. iii. 8 By Consequence, or Trayne of Thoughts, I understand that succession of one Thought to another, which is called (to distinguish it from Discourse in words) Mentall Discourse. 1690Locke Hum. Und. ii. xiv. §3 A train of Ideas, which constantly succeed one another in his Understanding. 1732[see tract n.3 2]. 1764Reid Inquiry v. §5 Long and demonstrative trains of reasoning. 1769Robertson Chas. V, i. Wks. 1813 V. 165 A long train of fortunate events. 1770G. White Let. 19 Feb. in Selborne (1789) ii. iii. 125 Your observation..struck me so forcibly, that I naturally fell into a train of thought that led me to consider whether the fact was so. 1858Buckle Civiliz. (1871) II. viii. 582 The result of a long train of causes. 1899W. James Talks to Teachers xv. 190 Our habitual associations of ideas, trains of thought, and sequences of action, might thus be consequences of the succession of currents in our nervous systems. 1912Proc. R. Soc. LXXXVII. 93 The electric disturbance produced by a lightning discharge..is probably either a solitary wave or a very short train of waves. 1948Proc. IRE XXXVI. 1457/1 A train of reset pulses is applied to the shift register. a1953E. O'Neill Hughie (1959) 34 [stage direction] His train of thought interrupted, irritably. 1955F. O'Connor Wise Blood i. 13 Mrs. Hitchcock lost her train of talk. ‘I guess you're on your way to visit somebody?’ she asked. 1959F. Astaire Steps in Time (1960) i. 6 It is the easiest thing in the world to become discouraged by a well-meant suggestion which may throw you off your original train of thought. 1967Electronics 6 Mar. 130/2 The circuit will oscillate, simultaneously generating a sawtooth wave and pulse train. 1978Nature 4 May 57/1 When the current with one channel present was recorded for a longer time, characteristic trains of short impulses were observed, separated by relatively long intervals when the channel did not conduct.
c. Proper sequence, order, or arrangement for some result; connected order; course, process: in phr. in train (formerly also in a train, and with defining adj., as in (a) good train).
1528Gardiner in Pocock Rec. Ref. I. xlii. 82 Every⁓thing in good train and order. 1591Savile Tacitus, Agricola 260 Our men..were now in traine of winning the fielde. 1690Locke Hum. Und. iii. vii. §2 It is not enough that a Man has Ideas clear and distinct..he must think in train. 1746W. Horsley Fool (1748) II. 23 The Affairs of Europe hereby put in a happy Train. 1842Macaulay in Life & Lett. (1883) II. 114, I am..desirous to get on with my History, which is..in a fair train. 1885‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay x, Putting matters in train for the election.
13. a. A line of gunpowder or other combustible substance laid so as to convey fire to a mine or charge for the purpose of exploding it. Also fig. [It. traina (Florio); F. trainée.]
a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 118 The Frenchmen..made traynes of gunpouder from strete to strete. 1677W. Hughes Man of Sin i. i. 4 A Mine was made, and Train was laid hereby for blowing up the Gospel it self. 1798in Nicolas Nelson's Disp. (1846) VII. p. clviii, She [a ship] was set on fire by a train. 1839Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. II. 45/1 We were fortunate enough to witness two of these blasting operations... The order for firing the train given... In a few seconds after the ignition of the train, a rumbling sound, like that of..distant thunder was heard, and the..whole mass was lifted bodily from its base. 1850Grote Greece ii. lxi. VII. 517 He..had already laid his train..for revolt. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xxi. IV. 549 The spark had fallen: the train was ready: the explosion was immediate and terrible. After a tumultuous debate [etc.].
b. Pieces of carrion or the like laid in a line or trail for luring certain wild beasts: see sense 7.
14. An extended series of material objects or the like; a row, rank; esp. a series of things arranged in a definite order for some purpose; rarely, a continuous extent of something.
1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 343 Vpon this shore, lie out with a long traine certaine heapes in manner bankes or rampiers. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 43 Being layd of a row or train. 1763W. Roberts Nat. Hist. Florida p. vi, Our more northern colonies..form one continued train along the whole eastern-side of North-America. 1774M. Mackenzie Maritime Surv. 76 When the Survey has been continued by a Train of stasimetric Triangles. 1863Lyell Antiq. Man xviii. 356 Detached fragments of rock..in long parallel trains. 1878Abney Photogr. (1881) 280 A train of prisms..set to the angle of minimum deviation.
15. A set of connected parts of mechanism which actuate one another in series; spec. (a) the set of wheels and pinions in a clock or watch which turns the hands (going train), or that which actuates the striking part (striking train); (b) a set or pair of rollers used in metal-working; a roll-train.
1797Monthly Mag. III. 464 Thus the progressive motion is communicated to the cotton spindles in the same manner as it is to the different parts of a common time-piece—by a train of wheels. 1831Brewster Nat. Magic xi. (1833) 293 Motions are propagated..along a great variety of trains of mechanism. 1838[see going vbl. n. 6]. 1881[see roll-train s.v. roll n.1 18]. 1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 266 The remarks on the train of a going barrel watch apply equally to the going train of a clock. 1885C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts Ser. iv. 307/2 The parts most likely to require repair in the striking trains of clocks.
16. a. A number of railway carriages, vans, or trucks coupled together (usually including the locomotive by which they are drawn). [So F. train.] armoured train: see armoured ppl. a. 2 a; train de luxe: see luxe 2.
Orig. train of carriages, etc.; now one of the chief uses of the simple word: cf. 22 b.
a1824A. Scott Ess. Rail-roads in Trans. Highland Soc. (1824) VI. 29 By continually shifting the train of waggons at the head and foot of the inclined plane, from the one railway to the other. 1825in W. Chambers About Railways (1865) 6 (Opening of Stockton and Darlington R.) The signal being given, the engine started off with this immense train of carriages. 1830Times 17 Sept., The Northumbrian drawing the splendid train of carriages occupied by the Duke of Wellington... The Northumbrian locomotive engine, which had drawn the train of the Duke of Wellington. 1835Marryat Olla Podr. vi, The trains went on well. 1837Cornish's Railway Companion Title-p., The Company's charges from one station to another;..time of departure and arrival of each train, etc. 1839W. Chambers Tour in Belgium 73/1 We were speedily carried to the railway terminus, where a train of carriages was in waiting, with its locomotive engine hissing and chafing. 1855Lynch Rivulet lxii. ii, Thus through a distant valley's length Slow seems to glide the train. 1885Mabel Collins Prettiest Woman x, A train left Warsaw early in the morning.
b. Hence, a line of vehicles coupled together.
1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining, Journey, a train or set of trams all coupled together.
c. to pull a train: see pull v. 11 g.
†17. See quot. Obs. [Cf. F. train, ‘nombre de vibrations qu'un mouvement d'horlogerie produit dans un temps déterminé’ (Littré).] (Perhaps not Eng.)
1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Train, is the Number of Beats which the Watch maketh in an Hour or any other certain time.
IV. Names of other things (chiefly material) derived from prec. branches.
†18. Cookery. A dish consisting of dates, figs, raisins, and almonds strung upon a long thread and covered with batter. Obs.
c1450Two Cookery-bks. 97 Trayne roste. Take Dates and figges..and þen take grete reysons and blanched almondes, and prik hem thorgh with a nedel into a threde of a mannys length,..rost the treyne abought the fire in þe spete;..cast the batur on the treyne as he turneth abought the fire. 14..Conuiuium domini de la Grey ibid. 60 Le .ij. cours..Halybutte. Plays fryid. Trayne Roste. 14..MS. Douce 55 lf. 64.
†19. The carriage of a printing-press. [F. train.] (Perh. only French.) Obs.
1594R. Ashley tr. Loys le Roy 22 He maketh the train of the presse to roule [etc.].
20. Applied to various material objects that are dragged.
a. The trail of a gun-carriage: see trail n.1 5.
1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1776) 11, Crochets deretraite, the eye-bolts, in the train of a gun-carriage, wherein are hooked the relieving tackles. 1815[see train-tackle in 22 c].
b. A rough kind of sledge or sleigh used in Canada for transport. [Cf. F. traineau.]
1783Quebec Gaz. 22 May 2/1 No person shall come with traines, carts or other carriages, loaded with hay, straw or wood within the limits of the market-place. 1835C. F. Hoffman Winter in Far West I. 210 At last a train [note, a rough kind of sled] and a couple of carioles drove up to the door. 1860Bartlett Dict. Amer., Train (Fr. traineau), a peculiar kind of sleigh used for the transportation of merchandise, wood, etc., in Canada.
†c. A drag-net, a seine. [F. traîne.] Obs.
1576Fleming tr. Caius' Dogs (1880) 14 Such Dogges as serue for fowling... The first kinde of such serue the Hauke, The seconde, the net, or traine. 1609Bible (Douay) Hab. i. 15 He drew it in his traine [L. sagena], and gathered it into his nette.
†21. A rope for dragging a plough or harrow. local. Obs.
1798Statist. Acc. Scot. XX. 260 The harrows are drawn side-ways by a train or side rope (like that used in a plough).
V.
22. attrib. and Comb. a. In sense 5, ‘Having a train’, as train-dress, train-gown, train-petticoat, train-skirt; also train-bearer, an attendant who carries the train of a sovereign or other person; also fig.; so train-bearing adj.; train-tea, a tea-party on the occasion of a young lady's presentation at court.
1722Lond. Gaz. No. 6084/6 Sir Robert Rich his *Train-bearer sitting over-against him. 1838Queen Victoria Jrnl. 28 June, I..went into a robing-room, where I found my eight train-bearers: Lady Caroline Lennox [etc.]. 1871Lowell Pope Prose Wks. 1890 IV. 56 No poet more often than he makes the second line of the couplet a mere train-bearer to the first.
1848Buckley Iliad 129 The *train-bearing Trojan women.
1792Trans. Soc. Arts X. 199 The principal consumption in this cloth, is in *train-dresses for ladies' wearing.
1831Carlyle Sart. Res. i. vii, Wives of quality..have *train-gowns four or five ells in length; which trains there are boys to carry.
1678Lond. Gaz. No. 1287/4 One long *Train petticoat of rich flowred Silk.
1876T. Hardy Ethelberta II. 15 A light muslin *train-skirt.
1897Spectator 16 Jan. 96/1 The ‘*train-tea’ that celebrates the presentation at Court of an English girl in good society.
b. In sense 16, as train crash, train crew, train fare, train hand (hand n. 8), train hostess, train journey, train-line, train-load, train ride, train-robber, train-robbery, train-service, train-speed, train station (U.S.), train-thief, train-time, train travel, train whistle, train-wreck, train-wrecker, train-wrecking, train-yard; also train-boy, (a) Coal-mining: see quot. 1883; (b) (U.S. and Canada), a boy who sells newspapers, etc. on a railway train; train call Theatr., (a notice of) the time for touring performers to catch a train to the next tour stop; † train caller, a railway official who announces the destinations of departing trains (see quot. 1921) (obs.); train-dispatcher (U.S. and Canada), the officer who has charge of the running of trains on a railway; train-ferry, a ferry for conveying trains across a piece of water from one railway to another; so train-ferriage; train-jumper orig. U.S., one who travels by train without paying the fare; so train-jumping vbl. n.; train master, trainmaster U.S., a person in charge of a train or trains; spec. a railway official responsible for the movement of all trains over a certain stretch of line; train-mile, each mile of the aggregate distance run by all the trains on a railway in a given period, as a unit in estimating amount of traffic, working expenses, etc.; so train-mileage; train-pipe, a pipe connecting the source of power with the brakes on the cars in a continuous system of brakes on a railway train (also called brake-pipe); † train porter, a railway official in charge of a train over a single-line section of railway (obs.); also attrib.; train-road = train-way (a); train set, (a) a set of trains, tracks, etc., required for a model railway; (b) a set of wagons or carriages, sometimes with an engine, coupled together; train-shed (U.S.), a roof supported by posts forming a shelter for one or more platforms at which trains stop; a roughly built or uninclosed railway station; train-sheet, a ruled sheet on which are recorded the movements of every train on a section of railway, according to information telegraphed from the various stations; train-sickness, a sickness or nausea to which some persons are subject when travelling by train; so train-sick a.; trainside a. U.S., at the side of or near a train, taking place next to a train; train-signal, a method of signalling from the cars of a train to the engine by a continuous pipe (Cent. Dict. Suppl.); train smash Naut. slang, cooked tinned tomatoes, usu. with bacon; train-staff, (a) a staff delivered to an engine-driver as authority to travel over a single-line section of railway; (b) the staff of employees on a railway train; train-stop, (a) an automatic apparatus, in connexion with a railway signal, for stopping a train; (b) the state of a train's being at a stop; a place at which a train stops; train ticket, (a) a ticket delivered to an engine-driver as authority to travel over a single-line section of railway; cf. train staff (a), staff and ticket (system) s.v. staff n.1 26; (b) a ticket enabling a passenger to travel on a train; train-way, (a) a temporary line of rails for the conveyance of small loads, as in the course of construction of a railway; (b) a platform hinged to a wharf, with a line of rails upon which railway cars or trucks may run to and from a ferry-boat (U.S.).
1869Atlantic Monthly July 73/2 [He] prevailed upon me to be his *train-boy.
1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining, Train-boy, a boy who rides upon the train, to attend to the rope attachments, etc. 1890Opelousas (Louisiana) Democrat 19 Apr. 3/2 A boy who gets a position as train boy for our company must put up a certain amount of money as a guarantee. 1901Westm. Gaz. 21 Feb. 10/2 Scarcely any observer has omitted to complain of the importunities of the train-boy [on American railways], with his merchandise of bananas and candies and chewing gum and dime novels.
1912C. Mackenzie Carnival (ed. 5) iv. 41 A pal wouldn't let you sleep over the *train-call on a Sunday morning. 1933P. Godfrey Back-Stage xvi. 206 He packs his dress-basket, notes down the time of the train-call from the notice-board by the stage door.
1921Dict. Occupational Terms (1927) §706 *Train caller; a porter whose only duty is to call out destination of a departing train..; also calls out name of own station on arrival of trains. 1939WPA Guide to Florida (1984) i. 5 Seminole names..were even more plentiful before the railroads interceded in behalf of train callers.
1957D. du Maurier Scapegoat x. 133 A *train-crash north of Lyons. 1979P. Theroux Old Patagonian Express xix. 293, I don't want to be in a train crash. But I have a very bad feeling about this train.
1904McClure's Mag. Apr. 617/1 As for the *train crew, we never had any more trouble with them than if they had been so many sheep. 1976P. R. White Planning for Public Transport viii. 162 If a train is stopped because of a derailment, blockage, etc. between signal boxes..it is necessary for the train crew to protect the trains with emergency lamps.
1881Chicago Times 14 May, John Converse is appointed assistant *train-dispatcher.
1905J. Joyce Let. 15 Oct. (1966) II. 122, I will send you 100 crowns to pay your *trainfare. 1983U.S.A. Today 19 Apr. 3a/1 In New York, trainfare and bagels were free as 90,000 suburban commuters got their trains back after a six week strike.
1897Month Sept. 281 Behring Strait could be crossed by some powerful system of *train-ferriage.
1900Monthly Rev. I. 41 The present route is across the lake by *train-ferry.
1894Westm. Gaz. 3 Sept. 5/1 Many acts of heroism are reported, especially on the part of *train hands.
1963Times 2 May 16/4 Why don't we have *train hostesses like air hostesses..who visit every carriage and see if we are comfortable and happy? 1971N.Z. News 10 Mar. 5 Train hostesses who serve the needs of passengers on New Zealand Railways' ‘Southerner’ express trains between Christchurch and Invercargill pose in their distinctive transit red uniforms.
1908Daily Chron. 11 Mar. 9/5 The *train-indicator, a huge framework confronting every passenger when he enters. There are eighteen clock faces, each of which tells the time at which the next train on the various lines departs.
1900G. Swift Somerley 94 On our *train-journey home.
1909Webster, *Train jumper. 1930Times Lit. Suppl. 5 June 482/3 Setting out on his trek across the continent,..as hobo, ‘train jumper’,..and cook in a Great Lakes freighter.
1965H. P. Tritton Time means Tucker i. 18, I..silently cursed myself for being fool enough to take on *train-jumping. 1978Sunday Mail Color Mag. (Brisbane) 22 Oct. 6/2 Now, in the early years of this century, train-jumping was an unknown art in Australia.
1882Macm. Mag. XLV. 502 Arrival of the *train-loads of troops. 1894T. M. Cooley in Forum (N.Y.) Sept. 17 Train-loads of perishable goods were..ruined by delays which the strike had caused.
1880News & Press (Cimarron, New Mexico) 9 Sept. 3/2 Mr. Frank Fulton, *train master on this Division,..gave the following information concerning the damage. 1898Engineering Mag. XVI. 66 Of an American railway..the superintendent..is assisted by a trainmaster, a roadmaster or division engineer,..and a chief dispatcher. 1907J. W. Schultz My Life as Indian xviii. 210 Berry declared that he would do no more freighting to the mines with his bull train; he would either sell it or employ some one as a train⁓master. 1983Mod. Railroads Apr. 18/1 Along with the yardmaster and trainmaster we observed the handling.
1864Webster, *Train-mile. 1868Q. Rev. Oct. 300 The working expense per train-mile is 2s. 6d. 1892Daily News 17 Feb. 2/6 The great industrial lines have run more train-miles, and therefore done more work, during the past half-year.
1868Q. Rev. Oct. 301 A large proportion of the *train-mileage run..is useless, being far in excess of [public] requirements. 1909Great Central Railway Report 6 Aug. 5 The strictest economy has been exercised in train mileage.
1889Findlay Eng. Railway 120 While the train is running a continual vacuum is maintained in the *train-pipes.
1859Rep. Accidents on Railways 1858 17 in Parl. Papers XXV. 601 The system..of working by means of a *train porter. 1873Returns Railways Companies Connections 11 in Ibid. LVII. 765 Single Lines of Railway..Worked under the Train Porter System.
1932W. Faulkner Light in August vi. 132 Perhaps he remembered suddenly the *train ride and the food. 1980Listener 4 Sept. 296/2 The train ride down the Peninsula is boring: rubber, rubber, grey rubber trees.
1828Webster, *Train-road..in mines, a slight rail-way for small wagons. 1877Knight Dict. Mech., Train-road, a construction railway; a slight railway for small loads.
1892Gunter Miss Dividends (1893) 257 An institution..implacable in its pursuit of *train robbers, highwaymen, and others that raid the precious things the business community intrust to it.
1905Daily Chron. 17 Apr. 4/5 There are two forms of criminal activity in which the United States enjoys an unenviable distinction. One of them is lynching and the other is *train-robbery.
a1914Mod. The *train-service to London has been improved.
1939–40Army & Navy Stores Catal. 826/1 This excellent *train set..comprises a No. 1 Special Locomotive..two No. 1 Pullman Coaches..and rails. 1959G. F. Allen Brit. Railways Today & Tomorrow vii. 133 The Rosters usually indicate the preceding and succeeding use to which each coach of a train set is to be put. 1980J. Cartwright Horse of Darius xi. 158 He was playing with his train set... He..passed his days in a world of trains and model airplanes. 1982Whitehouse & Allen E. Treacy—Railway Photographer 42 The all-maroon train-set of the northbound ‘Flying Scotsman’ leaving Copenhagen Tunnel.
1878F. S. Williams Midl. Railw. 639 The *train setters and their foremen.
1892Pall Mall G. 21 Nov. 7/3 The great iron and glass portal..will constitute the most extensive railway *train-shed in existence [at Philadelphia, U.S.].
1905E. M. Forster Where Angels fear to Tread vi. 163 They crossed the Apennines with a *train-sick child. 1909Daily Chron. 22 July 7/1 Anyone to whom trains give the least sensation of vertigo should sit facing [the engine]... Children who are otherwise train-sick will travel fairly well seated thus.
1906Westm. Gaz. 27 Sept. 4/2 Many travellers suffer from *train-sickness.
1932Sun (Baltimore) 21 Sept. 1/6 He [sc. F. D. Roosevelt]..jollying *trainside crowds with localized pleasantries. 1940Ibid. 24 July 1/5 In a series of train-side and platform talks..he [sc. W. L. Wilkie] lashed out against leading Democratic party machines by name.
1941Weekly Tel. (Sheffield) 13 Sept. 16/1 The boys of the Navy have a lot of slang... They have given the name ‘*train smash’ to a tomato and bacon breakfast. 1978Daily Mirror 19 June 9/1 Train smash is our nickname for tinned tomatoes with bacon.
1901Daily Chron. 1 May 8/7 In these days when *train-speeds in Great Britain are mostly stationary.
1859Rep. Accidents on Railways 1858 17 in Parl. Papers XXV. 601 To make the *train staff the means of opening the train-ticket box. 1895Funk's Standard Dict. s.v. Staff, Train-staff. 1901Daily News 16 Jan. 5/1 The Isle of Sheppey Light Railway is in single track..and it will be worked on the train-staff and ticket system. 1906Westm. Gaz. 27 Apr. 7/1 The train staff having dealt so promptly with the trouble that the only sign of fire was a little smoke.
1955W. Gaddis Recognitions ii. iii. 422 Go to a *train station yourself..or a bus station. 1981N.Y. Times Mag. 21 June 10/3 When was the last time you heard a young, rich-affluent-wealthy type use the phrase railroad station? Upper-class use is now train station.
1906Westm. Gaz. 27 Feb. 7/2 The *train-stop at the signal-post actuated the continuous brake, and thereby..brought the vehicle to a standstill. a1963S. Plath Ariel (1965) 43 It is a trainstop, the nurses Undergoing the faucet water. 1977H. Fast Immigrants 10 The food, brought to them at train stops, was a dismal, unchanging diet of cold sausage and stale bread.
1859Rep. Accidents on Railways 1858 17 in Parl. Papers XXV. 601 If another engine or train is intended to follow in succession, a *train ticket, stating ‘staff following’, will be given to the person in charge of the leading train, the staff itself being given to the last. 1941B. Schulberg What makes Sammy Run? x. 256 A letter arrived with a train ticket and travelling expenses. 1977Lancashire Life Dec. 60/1 He..showed early business acumen by taking orders for Wakes Week train tickets, sleeping-out on the doorstep of Thomas Cook's the night before the ticket sale to save others' queueing.
1877F. M. A. Roe Army Lett. (1909) 163 From then on to *train time, Hal was patted and petted and given dainties. 1892Pall Mall G. 15 Mar. 2/1 It was train-time, and I rose to leave him.
1881Chicago Times 17 June, Running a car from a siding on the *train track.
1979P. Theroux Old Patagonian Express xiii. 200 The difficulties of *train travel in Latin America.
1839Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. II. 46/1 The wagons when loaded..are easily pushed..down the *trainway to the face of the cliff. 1877Knight Dict. Mech., Train-way, a hinged platform which forms a bridge leading from a wharf to the deck of a ferry-boat.
1927R. Lehmann Dusty Answer iii. i. 128 A far *train-whistle roused her. 1981V. Mehta Vedi (1982) i. 3, I remember the train whistle. It blew with a rush of steam.
1883Manch. Examiner 28 Nov. 4/6 It is supposed that the would-be *train wreckers were plotting against the Premier's life. 1891Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 26 Oct. 1/6 A train-wrecker caught.
1885Manch. Exam. 10 Jan. 5/1 An unsuccessful attempt at *train-wrecking.
1930J. Dos Passos 42nd Parallel i. 16 Dumping grounds, *trainyards. 1973T. Pynchon Gravity's Rainbow i. 171 Out the windows..are a row of bare Army-colored poplars, a canal, a snowy trainyard.
c. In other senses: train-bolt, ‘a bolt to which the training-tackle of a gun is hooked’ (Cent. Dict.); † train-horse, a horse employed to draw artillery; train-net = sense 20 c; train-rope, train-tackle, a tackle hooked to the trail of a gun-carriage on board ship: see quot.; train-service (in sense 9 b); train-shut a., shut by a train of wheels and pinions; train-work, a mechanism consisting of a series of parts (sense 15).
1643in 13th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. i. 131 The county complains that we have not charged the *Train horse according to the letter of the Ordinance. 1710Lond. Gaz. No. 4682/2 Train Horses..employed in drawing forty pieces of Artillery.
1864Glasgow Daily Herald 24 Sept., There is as much damage done with *train nets as with trawl nets.
1887Spectator 3 Sept. 1174 Their *train-services collected and equipped for a campaign.
1632Lithgow Trav. i. 5 Mine Epitaph shall sound, Of *traine-shut sluces, of the Thespian spring, Where chatring birds, Dodonean trees do sing.
1815Burney Falconer's Dict. Marine, *Train-Tackle,..a combination of pulleys, which is, during action, hooked to an eye-bolt, in the train of the carriage, and to a ring-bolt in the deck... Its use is, to prevent the gun from running out of the port whilst loading. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Train-tackle.
1876Preece & Sivewright Telegraphy 92 The Morse involves a complicated and expensive *trainwork of mechanism.
Add:[III.] [15.] b. Oil Industry. A set of interconnected units for carrying out a specified process, esp. the liquefaction of gas.
1965Proc. 44th. Ann. Convention Nat. Gas Processors Assoc.: Techn. Papers 65/1 The absorption system..consists of two parallel trains, each designed to handle 500 million cubic feet per day. 1976Offshore Platforms & Pipelining 11/3 Three treating trains each include an inlet separator and glycol contactor. 1988Petroleum Gaz. (Melbourne) Dec. 22/2 Design work is to proceed on the..third processing train on the Burrup Peninsula to liquefy natural gas for export to Japan.
▪ II. † train, n.2 Obs.
Forms: 4–7 trayne, 4–5 treyne, trayn, 5 north. trane, 6–7 traine, 6–8 train.
[a. OF. traïne guile, deceit, ruse (12th c. in Godef.), n. of action f. OF. traïr, (Fr. trahir) to betray; cf. haine (OF. haïne), saisine, f. haïr, saisir. Cf. the phrases ‘withouten train’, ‘false train’, etc. with OF. sans traine, fausse traine, etc.
In senses 2, 3, and 4 this word appears to be associated with senses 7 and 13 b of train n.1]
1. Without a or pl.: Treachery, guile, deceit, trickery.
c1400Destr. Troy 3789 Ulexes..falsest in his fare, and full of disseit, Vndertaker of treyne, of talkyng but litill. c1400Non-Cycle Myst. Plays 7/67 We schal home tell, with⁓outen trayn, Bothe word & werk, how hit was. c1460Towneley Myst. x. 330 Do wa, Ioseph,..Turne home to thi spouse agane, look thou deme in hir no trane, ffor she was neuer ffylde. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. vi. 41 Thou cursed Miscreaunt, That hast with knightlesse guile, and trecherous train, Faire knighthood fowly shamed. a1600Flodden F. vii. (1664) 70 Trusting his talk was void of trayne.
b. With a and pl. An act or scheme designed to deceive or entrap, a trick, stratagem, artifice, wile.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 295 Þe kyng of Almayn[e]..He mad a fals trayn[e]..He sent Edward to say, help him mot he nouht. a1350St. Nicholas 322 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 15 Now wote I wele, þou es vntrew..I trow ȝour law be bot a trayne. 1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy iv. 4904 Dredynge ay þat þese ilke tweyne Be som engyn or conspired treyne To þe Grekes wolden hym be-tray. 1529Rastell Pastyme, Brit. (1811) 213 Mortymer was, by a trayne, taken in the castell of Notyngham. 1605Shakes. Macb. iv. iii. 118 Diuellish Macbeth, By many of these traines, hath sought to win me Into his power. 1739G. Ogle Gualtherus 23 An artless Mind, Unpractis'd in the Trains of Womankind. 1767Mickle Concub. ii. xlvi, The Nymph..With wylie Traines the Sonnes of Earth besett.
2. A trap or snare for catching wild animals; also fig. (In phrase to lay a train, associated with or merged in senses of train n.1)
1390Gower Conf. III. 241 Bot if a king his wille Fro lustes of his fleissh restreigne, Ayein himself he makth a treigne, Into the which if that he slyde, Him were betre go besyde. c1420? Lydg. Assembly of Gods 773 That no maner trayne nor caltrop theryn wore. 1530Palsgr. 282/2 Trayne a trappe, atrappe. 1624Quarles Sion's Elegies iii. Poems (1717) 393, I seek my peace, but seek my peace in vain; For every way's a trap: each path's a train. a1630D. Hume Hist. Ho. Douglas & Angus (1644) 30 Fearing..that there was some train laid for them, he turned about to have retired into the Castle. 1697Dryden æneid xi. 1056 Vain Fool and Coward,..Caught in the Train which thou thyself hast laid.
3. Something designed to lure an animal into a trap or snare; a lure, bait, decoy, enticement; also fig.
c1407Lydg. Reson & Sens. 6981 [The tiger] ys deceyved by merours Which the hountys for socours Caste in the waye for a treyne. 14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 566/25 Attractorium, a trayne, sed melius a trays. 1548Cranmer Catech. 97 b, Thou mayst make no traynes to bring him in to thy snare. 1602Hist. Eng. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) II. 464 The barbarous people..leaving their cattle abroad, as a train, to draw them [the Romans] within danger.
†4. A live bird attached to a line, or a lame and disabled bird, given as an enticement to a young hawk during its training. (Sometimes explained as the short flight which the hawk makes in trying to capture this: see train n.1 3.) Obs.
1496Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. I. 287 Giffin to the man that brocht tua quyk herounis to the King, to make tranys to halkis,..ix s. Ibid. 291 Item, for a duke to be a trane to a halk..xij d. 1575Turberv. Falconrie 117 When a sparow hawke is manned and reclaymed, then give her nine or ten traynes at the least, and when she killeth feede hir up alwayes. 1611Cotgr., Tome, a traine with a lame and disarmed Heron, for the making of a young Faulcon. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 709 These flights are called traines, because they only traine or teach a young Hawke how to bestow her wing, and make her selfe victor ouer the prey.
▪ III. † train, n.3 Obs. (exc. in train-oil).
Forms: 5–6 trane, 6 treine, 6–7 trayne, traine, 6– train.
[In 15–16th c. trane, a. MLG. and LG. trân, MDu. traen, Du. traan, whence mod.Ger. tran, and Da., Sw. tran; all meaning ‘oil extracted or made to exude, spec. train-oil’; app. the same word as MLG. trân, trâne, MDu. traen, trâne, OHG. trahan, OS. *trahan, pl. trahni, OLFrank. pl. trâni (Ger. träne) ‘tear, drop’, also gum or resin that exudes from trees, ‘lacrymae arborum’ (Kilian).]
The earlier name of what is now called train-oil.
1497Maldon, Essex, Burgh-Deeds Bundle 72 No. 4 Possessiatus de uno barrello olei vocat. trane. 1515Sel. Cases Star Chamb. (Selden) II. 92 The Crafte and misterie of Mercers hath vsed..othir grosse marchaundise as sopp, terre,..pik, Wax,..Trayne. 1545Rates of Customs d j, Woll oyle called trane the tonne iiii li. 1602Carew Cornwall i. 33 They pack them [pilchards] orderly in hogsheads..which afterwards they presse with great waights, to the end the traine may soke from them into a vessel placed in the ground to receyue it. 1712A. van Leeuwenhoek in Phil. Trans. XXVII. 441 Upon several Parts of these little Membranes, there lay Fat, which..they call the Train. 1766Acc. Bks. in Ann. Reg. 283/2 They don't drink train,..but use it in their lamps. 1802Trans. Soc. Arts XX. 212 The cod-oil, or common train, brought from Newfoundland.
b. attrib. as train-fat, train-bottle. (See train-oil.)
1698Act 10 Will. III, c. 14 §7 Any Houses Stages Cook-Rooms Train-Fats or other Conveniencies for fishing there [Newfoundland]. 1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4378/3, 23 Train-Fats burnt;..1568 Hogsheads of Train-Oil destroyed. 1797Crantz in Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XIV. 610/1 Of the skins of the entrails [of the seal] they [Greenlanders] make their windows..; and they make train bottles of the maw.
▪ IV. train, v.1
Forms: 4–7 trayne, (5 treyne), 5–7 trayn, 6 (Sc.), 7 trane, 6–7 traine, 6– train.
[ME. a. F. traîn-er, in OF. traïner, also trahiner (11th c. in Hatz.-Darm.); app. a deriv. of L. trahĕre (in pop.L. *tragĕre, whence F. traire) to draw, drag; = Pr. trahinar; cf. Sp. trajinar to convey, ‘traginar to transport by pack-horses’ (Minsheu), It. trainare ‘to traine, to traile, to draggle or draw along the ground’ (Florio).
Hatz.-Darm. suppose a n. *tragīna from *tragere, formed like rapīna, ruīna, fr. rapĕre, ruĕre, whence the vb. They do not identify this *tragīna with the existing traine, which is taken as a new formation from the vb. like train, masc.]
I.
1. a. trans. To draw or pull along after one; to drag, haul, trail. Obs. or arch.
c1450Merlin xviii. 299 He hente hir be the tresses and drough hir toward the horse trailinge..; and so he hath hir trayned and drawen. 1530Palsgr. 383 To se the body of Hector so trayned by Achilles. 1607Markham Caval. iii. i. (1617) 9 This chase or sport we..call a Traine sent, because the sent which the Houndes hunt is trained alongst the fields. 1623tr. Favine's Theat. Hon. vi. iv. 124 To traine the baggadge of the Christian Army there were three score thousand Chariots. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 553 Behold..the Foe Approaching..; in hollow Cube Training his devilish Enginrie [cannons]. 1831Scott Ct. Rob. iii, He cannot be so false of word as to train me to prison under false pretexts.
b. intr. (for pass.) Of a garment: To hang down, esp. so as to drag or trail. Now rare.
1590Spenser F.Q. ii. iii. 27 Below her ham her weed did somewhat trayne. 1702W. J. tr. Bruyn's Voy. Levant xxxi. 117 They let it [the tail] train down till they come to the lower End. 1789Mrs. Piozzi Journ. France I. 184 A full black silk petticoat, sloped just to train a very little on the ground. 1827[see training ppl. a. 3].
†2. fig. (trans.)
a. To draw out, lengthen out (in time), protract, spin out; also, to spend, pass (time, one's life); esp. to pass slowly or wearily, ‘drag on’. Also intr. Obs.
c1440Promp. Parv. 499/1 Traynyn, or tranyyn, or longe taryyn (..S. or abydyn), moror, differo. 1539[see training vbl. n. 1]. 1556J. Heywood Spider & F. xcv. 8 To traine the time and tarie you..folli it weare. a1560Becon Jewel of Joy Wks. II. 5 Nether by letters nor yet by report..could we lerne wher you trained your life. 1652J. Wright tr. Camus' Nat. Paradox x. 259 To seek a glorious Death..rather than train so obscure and discontented a Life.
b. To draw out in length, to extend; to drawl, utter slowly (a word, phrase, name). rare.
1651Cleveland Smectymnuus 10 A Name which if 'twere train'd would spread a mile. 1859G. Meredith R. Feverel xlii, He trained out the [word] old.
†c. To draw after itself, draw with it; to involve as a consequence; to bring in its train. Obs.
1579Fenton Hist. Guicciard. (1618) 12 If those small forces trained with them so great fortunes. 1619Sir J. Finett in Eng. & Germ. (Camden) 63 A busynes that is lyke to trayn wyth it a consequence of continuall trouble.
†d. To strain the sense of. Obs. rare—1.
1550Bale Eng. Votaries ii. 31 The scriptures he had so trayned with the rules of logycke, that by them he was able to maynteyne all falshede.
†3. To draw, lead, conduct, bring. Obs.
1549Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Jude 22 The Hebrues..whom..Iesus trained out of the..bondage of the Egipcians. c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. cv. xii, His chosen troopes with triumph on he traines. 1642Chas. I Declar. 12 Aug. 16 Their resort was to the people, whom upon severall occasions they had trained down to Westminster.
II.
4. fig. To draw by art or inducement; to draw on; to allure, entice, decoy; to lead astray, deceive, take in. arch. (The most frequent early sense. ? Influenced by train n.2)
1375Barbour Bruce xix. 354 The lord dowglas toward thaim raid;..Thame neir his battell for till trayne. a1400Morte Arth. 1683 Ȝe do bott trayne us..wyth trofelande wordez. 1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy iii. 1015 His mortall foon Þat..him to treyne leide out hoke & laas. 1588T. Hughes Misfort. Arth. v. i. 88 So did his witte and feature feede that hope, Which falsely trainde me to this wofull hap. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, v. ii. 21 We did traine him on. a1694Tillotson Serm. (1743) I. 237 Being insensibly trained on from one degree of wickedness to another. 1781Hist. Eur. in Ann. Reg. 92/1 Being trained into a well-laid ambush. 1899Goldw. Smith United Kingd. I. 200 He [Bruce] trained him [Comyn] to a church and stabbed him there.
†b. In good or neutral sense: To draw by persuasion; to persuade, induce, convert. Obs.
1526in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) I. v. 67 The King had hopes to train the Emperor to reason by doulce methods. 1549Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Thess. 2 Howe easely you were trayned from the supersticion of your forefathers,..vnto the true wurshippe of God. 1612Brerewood Lang. & Relig. 154 They have been by little and little brought and trayned to the Greek religion.
III. 5. To treat or manipulate so as to bring to the proper or desired form; spec. in Gardening, to manage (a plant or branch) so as to cause it to grow in some desired form or direction, esp. against a wall, or upon a trellis or the like.
c1440Pallad. on Husb. i. 1032 And bowis ore hit trayn So lough and rare, on hem that bees may dwelle. 1688Evelyn Diary 24 Mar., His orangerie and gardens, where the wall fruit trees are most exquisitely nail'd and train'd. 1792M. Riddell Voy. Madeira 9 The vines are trained and supported by poles. 1837Lockhart Scott I. ix. 289 A garden..in which Scott delighted to train his flowers and creepers. 1852O. W. Holmes My Aunt ii, Why will she train that winter curl In such a spring-like way? 1871[see trained ppl. a. 3]. 1888Nicholson's Dict. Gard. s.v. Training, Sap flowing most forcibly into branches trained in an upright direction.
6. To subject to discipline and instruction for the purpose of forming the character and developing the powers of, or of making proficient in some occupation. (Also with up.)
a. To instruct and discipline generally; to educate, rear, bring up.
1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. Pref. *** ij b, For teachyng and trainyng young children. 1611Bible Prov. xxii. 6 Traine vp a childe in the way he should goe. 1727Gay Fables i. ix, Seek you to train your fav'rite boy? Each caution, ev'ry care employ. 1877E. R. Conder Bas. Faith iii. 103 This protracted pupilage..is admirably calculated to train and perfect his moral character.
b. To instruct and discipline in or for some particular art, profession, occupation, or practice; to exercise, practise, drill; to make proficient by such instruction and practice (see also trained ppl. a.). Const. in, for, to.
1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions i. vi. 106 To be trayned, and exercysed in the feictes of warre. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. I. 3/1 Bardus..was highlie renoumed..for inuention of dities and musicke, wherein..he trained his people. 1661in Verney Mem. (1907) II. 170 To march, trayne and exercise his company, according to the moderne discipline of warr. c1680Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 39 Such advocates as had been trained up in the civil law. 1823Scott Quentin D. xxxi, To a false tale you will not desire me to train my tongue. 1859Musketry Instr. 92 Bandsmen..fully trained to the use of the rifle. 1869Huxley in Sci. Opin. 21 Apr. 464/1 He was thoroughly trained in the physical and chemical science of his day.
c. To discipline and instruct (an animal) so as to make it obedient to orders, or capable of performing tricks; to prepare a race-horse for its work.
1609Shuttleworths' Acc. (Chetham Soc.) 181 Richard Eastwood, for his paynes and his coache, to trayne the horses theirin, xxxs. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 166 These Lions..are..trained in parkes to hunt others. 1777Priestley Matt. & Spir. (1782) I. xxii. 286 Dogs..may be trained to catch hares. 1872J. F. Clarke Self-Culture i. (1880) 33 Animals can be trained by man, but they cannot train themselves. 1894Sir J. D. Astley 50 Years Life I. 176 The present Robert Sherwood, who now trains at Newmarket.
d. To bring by a course of diet and exercise to the required state of physical efficiency for a race or other athletic feat.
1832S. Austin tr. Pückler-Muskau's Tour of German Prince III. iv. 74, I kept race-horses myself, and had a Newmarket jockey for a time in my service... It amused me greatly to see this fellow ‘training’ himself. 1835–71[see training vbl. n. 2 c]. 1887Stevenson Mem. & Portr. vi. Pastoral 96 A threat of latent anger in the expression, like that of a man trained too fine and harassed with perpetual vigilance.
e. With adv. or compl. adj.: To bring into a specified condition by or as by athletic training. train off, to throw off by training.
1879Spectator 7 June 720 The beasts, always worn, for that terrible, incessant pulling trains them down almost visibly. 1891Kipling Light that Failed viii. 165 You're disgracefully out of condition,..pure tallow born of over⁓feeding. Train it off, Dickie.
7. a. intr. for pass. To undergo or follow a course of instruction and discipline; in early quots., to go through a course of military drill, to drill.
1605Stow Ann. 1310 The other 3000 citizens..shewed on the Miles end, where they trained all that day. 1685Wood Life 28 June (O.H.S.) III. 146, 4 loades of muskets, pikes, etc...for the scholars to train with. 1811Byron Hints fr. Hor. 703 The youth who trains to ride, or run a race, Must bear privations. 1906B. Harraden Scholar's Dau. vii, My uncle thought I'd better train to be a doctor.
b. intr. With adv. To get into some condition by training; as train on, to improve in condition or form by training, to become more proficient; † train off, to get out of condition, lose one's vigour or skill, as by over-training; train down, to reduce one's weight with the object of getting fit for an event or feat. Also fig.
1767G. Selwyn Let. 29 Dec. in 15th Rep. R. Comm. Hist. Manuscripts App. vi. 225 in Parl. Papers 1897 (C. 8551) LI. i, Lord Beauchamp trains on well, as they say, but il n' a pas le moyen de plaire. 1776E. Topham Lett. fr. Edinburgh 98 When they are young they dance extremely well; but afterwards (to speak in the language of the turf) they train off. 1789Loiterer 6 June 7 He trained on famously well, and would soon be a very dashing man. 1810Sporting Mag. XXXVI. 230 A hard round,..that convinced the judges of boxing that Blake had trained off. 1815Byron Let. to Moore 10 Jan., It is impossible to read what you have lately done..without seeing that you have trained on tenfold. 1866Maclaren Training 22 Under it a powerful man dwindles; and this, not from ‘training down’ as the phrase goes. 1937Daily Tel. 15 Oct. 23/3 He..trained on into a first-rate College oar. 1976Horse & Hound 10 Dec. 48/2 (Advt.), A good sire of fast 2-year-olds that train on.
IV.
†8.
a. trans. To pursue by the ‘train’ or trail; to trace, track. Obs.
1583[see training ppl. a. 2]. 1592Greene Groat's W. Wit C iij b, They followed and trayned the Foxe and Badger to the hole.
b. Mining. (See quots.)
1710J. Harris Lex. Techn. II, Training a Load, in the Miner's Language, is searching for, and pursuing a Vein of Ore. 1895Funk's Standard Dict., Train, v...5. In mining, to trace, as a lode to its head.
9. intr.
†a. To walk in a person's train or retinue. Obs. rare—1.
b. train off: to draw off or away.
1633P. Fletcher Hymen in Poet. Misc. 55 With her a troop of fairest wood-nymphs trains. 1825T. Hook Sayings Ser. ii. Sutherl. (Colburn) 27 James gradually trained off from the party. 1833― Widow & Marquess ii, They [suitors] had trained off, upon finding..that Harriet's boasted fortune was visionary.
c. To associate, ally, or co-operate with (dial. also along of). N. Amer. colloq.
1871J. Hay Pike County Ballads 22 It gravels me like the devil to train Along o' sich fools as you. 1889Cent. Dict. s.v. train1, I don't train with that crowd. 1892‘Mark Twain’ Amer. Claimant i. 5 Have you been training with that ass again? 1907Methodist Rev. Nov. 984 He does not train with the extreme radical theologians. 1935H. Davis Honey in Horn i. 4 A couple of bad-acting sons who got drunk, fought and trained around with thieving half-breeds. 1945‘L. Ford’ Philadelphia Murder Story ix. 146 She knew as well as I know now—and I don't train with lawyers—that Malone wasn't going to search the house.
10. a. trans. To direct, point, or aim (a cannon or other fire-arm, or transf. a photographic camera); to bring by horizontal movement to bear (on, upon, the thing aimed at). Cf. training vbl. n. 4.
1841Totten Naval Text-Bk. 417 To train a gun, to point it forward or abaft the beam. 1870H. Meade New Zealand 236 A forty-pounder..trained on them during the conference. 1873Brit. Q. Rev. 108 Their ‘horizontal range’, or the arc over which they could be trained, should be made small. 1889G. Kennan in Century Mag. May 73/2 We set up the camera and trained it upon a part of the picturesque throng.
b. intr.
1891Cent. Dict. s.v., To train off, to go off obliquely: said of the flight of a shot.
11. a. trans. To convey by a railway train. rare.
1886Pall Mall G. 14 July 14/1 Ship it [sewage] to Ireland..and let Paddy cart or train it away..to his potato patch or cornfield. 1892Field 28 May 783/2 Ship the canoe on to the railway and train it right up the Wye valley.
b. intr. To go by train, travel by railway. Also train it (colloq.).
1856Ld. Granville Let. 12 Feb. in Ld. Fitzmaurice Life Granville (1905) I. vii. 163 After acting as godfather, I trained up to town for the Committee of Privileges. 1888Pall Mall G. 2 Apr. 4/2 So exhausted were the men from the effect of the previous day's ride,..that all trained from Winchester to Farnham. 1888Harper's Mag. Nov. 954/2 From Aberdeen to Edinburgh we trained it by easy stages.
12. intr. To act sportively, romp, ‘carry on’. U.S. colloq.
1889Howells Hazard New Fort. ii. viii, The girl broke into a fondly approving laugh at his drolling. ‘Oh, I guess you love to train!’ 1889Farmer Americanisms, To train. New England girls use this term to denote acts of romping, or, to employ an English phrase, which seems its exact equivalent, to train is ‘to carry on’.
▪ V. † train, v.2 Obs.
[f. train n.2; but prob. not always distinguished from train v.1]
1. trans. To lay (a train or snare); to set (a trap). Cf. train n.2 2.
1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy iv. 4935 Þat iustly þei may fallen in þe diche Whiche þei han made & for vs y-treyned.
2. Falconry. To entice (a hawk) by means of a live bird used as a lure. (Cf. train n.2 4.)
1575Turberv. Falconrie 117 Let the quayle wherewithall you trayne hir haue a feather pulled out of each wing and cast off the sparowhawke to hir a farre off.
3. intr. Of a hawk: To come to the train or lure.
1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 35 The fleetest fish swalloweth the delicatest bait:..the highest soaring Hauke traineth to y⊇ lure. |