| 释义 |
▪ I. recapitulation1|ˌriːkəpɪtjʊˈleɪʃən|
[a. F. recapitulacion (13–14th c.), or ad. late L. recapitulatiōn-em: see prec. and -ation.]
1. a. The action of recapitulating; a summing up or brief repetition.
1388Purvey Prol. Bible xii. 48 The vi. reule is of recapitulacoun, either rehersing a thing don bifore. Ibid., This is seid by recapitulacoun. c1410Lydg. Lyfe Our Ladye xviii. heading (MS. Ashm.), A recapitulacion of þ⊇ wordes of gabriell to oure lady. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 7 A shorte recapitulacion or rehersal of all yt is sayd. 1579Fenton Guicciard. i. (1599) 13 It is a time vainely spent to stand long vpon the recapitulation of these reasons. 1628Venner Baths of Bathe (1650) 363 Take this short hint or recapitulation for all. 1752Johnson Rambler No. 194 ⁋1, I shall therefore continue my narrative without preface or recapitulation. 1812Byron Ch. Har. ii. i. note, The reflections suggested by such objects are too trite to require recapitulation. 1869Farrar Fam. Speech iii. (1873) 85, I will content myself with a mere recapitulation of the elements which we possess for the decision.
transf.1673tr. Harvey's Anat. Exerc. 28 Nature in death making as it were a recapitulation, returns upon her self with a retrograde motion.
b. Biol. The repetition of evolutionary stages in the growth of a young animal. Also attrib.
1875Dyer in Encycl. Brit. III. 692/2 In the animal kingdom the ‘recapitulation theory’ steps in. 1880E. R. Lankester Degener. 21 In some animals this recapitulation is more, in others it is less complete. 1904G. S. Hall Adolescence I. p. viii, Realizing the limitations and qualifications of the recapitulation theory in the biologic field, I am now convinced that its psychogenetic applications have a method of their own. 1919J. B. Watson Psychol. vii. 266 The recapitulation theory..holds..that ontogeny repeats phylogeny—that the developing child must pass through all the stages the race has passed through. 1924R. M. Ogden tr. Koffka's Growth of Mind ii. 48 He can dismiss both the recapitulation- and the utility-theories. 1957P. Halmos Towards Measure of Man i. 19 Today, the theory of recapitulation is, on the whole, discredited.
c. Mus. The section of a composition or movement (esp. one in sonata form) in which some or all of the themes presented in the exposition are repeated, usu. in a modified form. Also attrib.
1879Grove Dict. Music I. 551/1 In the recapitulation of his [sc. Beethoven's] subjects,..there is a growing tendency to avoid the apparent platitude of repeating them exactly as at first. 1898G. B. Shaw Perfect Wagnerite 3 In classical music there are, as the analytic programs tell us, first subjects and second subjects, free fantasias, recapitulations, and codas. 1934C. Lambert Music Ho! ii. 127 His [sc. Satie's] unusual employment of what might be called interrupted and overlapping recapitulations. 1947A. Einstein Music in Romantic Era vii. 70 Beethoven had been criticized for having held too fast to the sonata form in his third Leonore Overture, or—more precisely—that he had not foregone the recapitulation. 1947Penguin Music Mag. Dec. 29 After the climax Mendelssohn duly modulates to his ‘recapitulation-section’. 1959Collins Music Encycl. 613/2 The procedures denoted by the names of its [sc. sonata form's] three sections—Exposition (i.e. presentation), Development (i.e. discursive treatment), and Recapitulation (i.e. return)—were present in earlier music. Ibid. 614/1 The Recapitulation may differ from the Exposition in details, e.g. in orchestration and in the use of new accompaniments to themes. 1959Listener 23 July 152/1 The first theme of the sonata-form opening movement, expounded in three-four time, is transformed in the abbreviated recapitulation to four-four. 1979C. Dexter Service of all the Dead iii. 22 He had sedulously drilled the set works into them—their themes, their developments and recapitulations.
2. A gathering together into one. Theol.
a1635Sibbes Confer. Christ & Mary (1656) 3 There is a recapitulation, a gathering of all things in heaven and earth. 1913E. Grubb Doctrine of Person of Christ iv. 28 This idea of ‘recapitulation’..is one of the deepest and most pregnant thoughts contributed by Irenæus. 1957Oxf. Dict. Chr. Ch. 1142/1 The conception of recapitulation was elaborated esp. by St. Irenaeus, who interpreted it as both the restoration of fallen humanity to communion with God through the obedience of Christ and as the summing-up of the previous revelations of God in past ages in the Incarnation. 1969J. Atkinson in Dict. Chr. Theol. 285/2 The recapitulation in Christ connotes the total work of God for man's redemption.
Hence recapituˈlationist, an adherent of the theory of recapitulation in biology.
1897Miall in Nature 26 Aug. 408/2 If I had time to discuss the Recapitulation Theory, I should begin by granting much that the Recapitulationist demands.
▪ II. recapituˈlation2 rare—1.
[re- 5 a.]
A second capitulation or surrender.
1641Earl of Monmouth tr. Biondi's Civil Warres v. 100 Being blockt up on all sides, this their retreate served onely for their recapitulation. |