| 释义 |
forester|ˈfɒrɪstə(r)|
Forms: 4–7 forster(e, (5 Sc. forestar, 6 forstar), 7–8 forrester, 3– forester. Also foster.
[ad. OF. and Fr. forestier, f. OF. forest forest.]
1. An officer having charge of a forest (see quot. 1598); also, one who looks after the growing timber on an estate. † forester in or of fee: one who holds his office in fee: see fee n.2 4 a. In poetical and romantic use sometimes a huntsman.
1297R. Glouc. (1724) 499 Ne that bailif, ne forester. c1320Sir Tristr. 496 Þe forster for his riȝtes Þe left schulder ȝaf he. 1458Tomb in Newland Ch. (co. Glouc.), Here lythe Jun Wyrall forester of fee. c1460Fortescue Abs. & Lim. Mon. (1714) 124 Sum Forester of the Kyngs. 1523Skelton Garl. Laurel 27 Faire fall that forster that so well can bate his hownde. 1598J. Manwood Lawes Forest xxi. §4 (1615) 200–1 A Forester is an officier of a forest of the King (or of an other man) that is sworne to preserue the Vert and Venison of the same forest, and to attend vpon the wild beasts within his Bailiwick, and to attach offendors there..and the same to present at the courts of the same forest. 1607J. Cowell Interpr. s.v. Forester, Some haue this graunt to them and their heires and thereby are called Foristers or Fosters in fee. 1646G. Daniel Poems Wks. 1878 I. 67 This wounded Heart..Who whilome was the fairest Beast impal'd, The fforsters cheife delight. 1735Somerville Chase iii. 224 The painful Forrester Climbs the high Hills. 1809Campbell O'Connor's Child viii, Come with thy belted forestere. 1843James Forest Days iv, He rode straight towards the foresters.
b. Forester of the King of France: an early title of the governor of Flanders.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 379 Flaundres..was i-ruled by þe kynges forsters. 1494Fabyan Chron. vi. clxvi. 161 The ruler there of [Flanders] was callyd the forester of the kynge of Fraunce.
†2. One versed in forest-craft. Obs.
c1645Howell Lett. (1688) IV. 455 You are cryed up, my Lord, to be an excellent Horseman, Huntsman, Forester.
3. One who lives in a forest.
1513Douglas æneis vii. ix. 15 Quhilk thyng..first steryt the wild forstaris fell To move debait, or mak thame for battell. 1664Evelyn Sylva xxxii. Parænesis §3. 112 Foresters and Bordurers, are not generally so civil, and reasonable, as might be wished. 1807Wordsw. White Doe Rylstone v, Above the loftiest ridge..Where foresters and shepherds dwell. 1821Dwight Trav. II. 459 A considerable part of those, who begin the cultivation of the wilderness, may be denominated foresters, or Pioneers.
b. A bird or beast of the forest; spec. one of the rough ponies bred in the New Forest. In Australian use, the great kangaroo (Macropus giganteus).
1630Davenant Just Italian v. Dram. Wks. 1872 I. 274 Each feather'd forester roosts in my beard. 1713J. Warder True Amazons 58 The Queen doth so far surpass her Subjects in Shape and Beauty, as the finest Horse that ever ran on Banstead Downs, doth the most common Forrester. 1782Cowper Prog. Err. 362 Without discipline the favourite child, Like a neglected forester, runs wild. 1795Southey Joan of Arc viii. 281 He loved to see the dappled foresters Browze fearless on their lair. 1826Disraeli Viv. Grey vi. ii. 294 Vivian took his horse, an old forester, across it with ease. 1832J. Bischoff Van Diemen's Land ii. 27 There are three or four varieties of kangaroos; those most common are denominated the forester and brush kangaroo. 1890Boldrewood Miner's Right xix. 181 A brace of stray ‘foresters’ from the adjacent ranges.
c. A popular name of several moths of the family Zygænidæ.
1819G. Samouelle Entomol. Compend. 245 Ino Statices (forester). 1867H. T. Stainton Brit. Butterflies & Moths 33 The Foresters and Burnets frequent dry grassy slopes.
d. = forest-tree.
1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 224 You may transplant not only any Fruit Trees, but remove also any of the Foresters. 1664― Sylva (1776) 38 Foresters, which only require diligent weeding and frequent cleansing till they are able to shift for themselves. 1840Poe Gold Bug Wks. 1864 I. 63 The tulip-tree..the most magnificent of American foresters. 1893Illustr. Sport. & Dram. News 22 July 751/3 A few fruit trees, and a few more arborescent foresters.
4. A member of the ‘friendly society’ known as the ‘Ancient Order of Foresters’.
1851Mayhew Lond. Lab. II. 178 There are numerous benefit-clubs made up of working men of every description, such as Old Friends, Odd Fellows, Foresters [etc.]. 1875Brabrook in Jrnl. Statist. Soc. June 187 The Ancient Order of Foresters which has now..276 districts [etc.]
5. Comb. forester oats (see quot.); forester sphinx (see quot. 1867).
1794Hutchinson Hist. Cumberland I. 166 note, The tenants..pay forester oats..these oats were a duty paid to the forester [of Inglewood]. 1867H. T. Stainton Brit. Butterflies & Moths 123 Procris statices, the Forester Sphinx.
Hence ˈforestership, the office of forester.
a1634Coke On Litt. iv. lxxiii. (1648) 310 The Forestership is become void. 1886Athenæum 20 Nov. 672/3 It is now announced that he [Chaucer] held the forestership of North Petherton. |