| 释义 |
▪ I. forfeit, n.|ˈfɔːfɪt|
Forms: α. 4–5 forfet(t(e, (4–5 furfatt, -fet, 6 forfect, forefaicte), 4–6 forfaite, -ayt(te, -eite, -ete, -eyte, 6– forfeit. β. Sc. 6 foir-, forfalt, -fault, 7 forfaute.
[a. OF. forfet, forfait:—med.L. foris factum trespass, fine, neut. pa. pple. of foris facĕre to transgress, f. foris outside (see for- prefix3) + facĕre to do. The Sc. forms βare corrupted by assimilation to fault or default.]
†1. A misdeed, crime, offence, transgression; hence, wilful injury. Also with of: Transgression against or in respect of, breach or violation of. Obs.
in forfault (Sc. Law): under charge of wrong doing, guilty of breaking the law. (Jam.)
αa1300Cursor M. 15814 (Cott.) Petre was in hand nummen for forfait he had don. 1393Gower Conf. III. 245 That he the forfete of luxure Shall tempre and reule. 1423Jas. I. Kingis Q. xcii, Thus were thai wrangit that did no forfet. 1481Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 53 Ye may frely..ete them wythoute ony forfayte. 1483― G. de la Tour E v, Men ought wel to kepe hem self fro the forfait of maryage. a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) C iij, The Censure..dayly toke hede to the forfaytes done. 1668Temple Let. to Ld. Arlington Wks. 1731 II. 90 No..Corruption of Ministers, can preserve them long from paying what they owe to any Forfeits of their Duty.
β14..tr. Burgh Lawis c. 19 in Sc. Acts (1814) I. 336 Gif ony man or ony woman in the burgh be in forfaute of brede or ale [sit in forisfacto de pane vel cervisia]..gif he faltis twyis he sall be chastyte twyis for his forfaute. 1572Lament Lady Scot. 373 in Scot. Poems 16th C. (1801) II. 253 Thir foirfalts that I haue done reheirs, That lords, lairds, ladys and lawers dois exerce.
2. Something to which the right is lost by the commission of a crime or fault; hence, a penal fine, a penalty for breach of contract or neglect of duty. Phr. to take (the) forfeit of, to pay (the) forfeit (lit. and fig.).
c1450Bk. Curtasye 577 in Babees Bk. (1868) 318 Of þe lordes courtes and forfetis. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. cxcix. 179 They taken the goodes..and lete hem calle his forfaytz. 1538Fitzherb. Just. Peas 38 b, The forfayt therof is al the pewter and brasse so cast and wrought. 1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions i. v. 70 The forfect for non paiment of the lone. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iv. i. 207, I craue the Law, The penaltie and forfeite of my bond. 1625Fletcher & Shirley Nt. Walker iv, Thou hast undone a faithful Gentleman, By taking forfeit of his Land. 1713Young Force Relig. ii. (1757) 62 Life is a forfeit we must shortly pay. 1843Lever J. Hinton xviii, To be free of the transaction, I this morning offered to pay half forfeit. 1857Buckle Civiliz. I. viii. 543 The forfeit incurred by many of those illustrious thinkers who [etc.].
b. transf. of a person.
1603Shakes. Meas. for M. iv. ii. 167 Claudio..is no greater forfeit to the law than Angelo.
3. A trivial mulct or fine imposed, e.g., for breach of some rule or by-law in a tavern parlour, a club, etc. Also, in certain games, an article (usually something carried on the person) which a player gives up by way of penalty for making some mistake, and which he afterwards redeems by performing some ludicrous task.
1603Shakes. Meas. for M. v. 323 The strong Statutes Stand like the forfeites in a Barbers shop, As much in mocke, as marke. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. v. x. 395 No more than the forfeits in a barbers shop, where a Gentle⁓mans pleasure is all the obligation to pay. 1660–1Pepys Diary 4 Feb., And here I took pleasure to take forfeits of the ladies. 1714Gay Trivia ii. 175 The..Wits shall frequent Forfeits pay. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. ii, Walking out, drinking tea, country dances, and forfeits, shortened the rest of the day. 1814Scott Wav. lxix, We played the game boldly, and the forfeit shall be paid. 1837Dickens Pickw. xxviii, We..beguile the time with forfeits and old stories. 1865J. Hatton Bitter Sweets xxxii, In the games of forfeit, he played his part.
4. [from the vb.] The losing of something by way of penalty: = forfeiture.
to set to forfalt (Sc. Law): to attaint, outlaw.
α1393Gower Conf. III. 177 To give..and to withdrawe The forfet of a mannes life. 1423Jas. I. Kingis Q. cxxix, Vertu sall be the cause of thy forfet. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iv. i. 212, I will be bound to pay it..On forfeit of my hands, my head, my heart. 1629Milton Nativity i, That he our deadly forfeit should release. 1644― Educ. Wks. (1847) 98/1 You would to the forfeit of your own discerning ability, impose on me [etc.]. 1716Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to C'tess Bristol 22 Aug., Debts..they could clear no other way but by the forfeit of their honour.
β1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. xiii. xv, Eftir his forfalt, the constabillary wes geuyn to the Hayis of Arroll. 1570Buchanan Chamæleon Wks. (1892) 46 Y⊇ parliament set to forfalt sic lordis as had fled in Ingland.
▪ II. forfeit, a.|ˈfɒfɪt|
Forms: see prec.
[ad. OF. forfait, pa. pple. of forfaire:—late L. forisfacĕre: see prec. In early use serving as pa. pple. of next.]
That has been lost or has to be given up as the penalty of a crime or fault or breach of engagement. Const. † till, to, unto.
α1393Gower Conf. I. 194 That ye this thing no lenger let, So that your life be nought forfete. 1425Wyntoun Cron. vii. viii. 716 Hale he tuk in-til Ethchet As þai had fallyne til hym forfet. 1538Fitzherb. Just. Peas (1514) 38 b, The value of them is forfayt, halfe to the fyndours or serchers therof. 1594Plat Jewell-ho. i. 5 Forfeit and confiscate vnto the crowne. 1601Shakes. All's Well iv. iii. 216 His braines are forfeite to the next tile that fals. 1608Markham & Machin Dumb Knight v. i, This monster..Whose forfait life is witnesse to his shame. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 711 And his long Toils were forfeit for a Look. 1735Somerville Chase iii. 63 Behold the just Avenger, swift to seize His forfeit Head. 1827Hallam Const. Hist. (1876) II. ix. 110 These have half redeemed his forfeit fame. 1847Emerson Poems (1857) 43 The wish To tread the forfeit Paradise. 1859Gladstone Horace's Odes iii. ix, My forfeit life I'll freely give, So she, my better life, may live.
β1423Jas. I. Kingis Q. cxli, All though my lyf suld forfaut be therefore.
▪ III. forfeit, v.|ˈfɔːfɪt|
Forms: α. Infin. 4–6 forfet(e(n, -yn, 5–6 -fett(e, (5 foffet), 5–7 forfait(e, 5–6 -fayt(te, -feyt, (5 -fite, 6 -fyt, -fect, -feict), 6 Sc. forfat, -fit, 6– forfeit. pa. tense and pa. pple. -ed. Also pa. tense 5 forfett(e; pa. pple. 4–5 forfet(e, 6 -feyte (see forfeit a.). β. Sc. 4–7 forfalt, 6–9 forfault, 7–9 forefault; pa. pple. 4 forfalt, 5 forfaut.
[f. prec. n.]
†1. intr. To do amiss, sin, transgress. Obs.
a1325Prose Psalter cxviii[i]. 119 Ich told alle the sinȝers of erthe for-fetand [L. prævaricantes.] c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋199 And al this suffred Ihesu crist þat neuere forfeted. 1496Dives & Paup. (W. de W.) i. li. 91 They forfete hyghely ayenst the fyrst commaundement. c1530Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 348 Ye saye yt she hath forfeyte with this knight; for he can not forfeyte with her, but yt she must be accorded with him.
b. trans. To transgress against, violate (one's faith or oath). rare.[So OF. forfaire: but there is an admixture of sense 2.] 1654tr. Scudery's Curia Pol. 28 Having known you so notoriously to forfeit your Faith. 1800tr. Invisible Man II. 208 You have received my oath; I am incapable of forfeiting it.
2. trans. To lose, lose the right to; to render oneself liable to be deprived of (something); also, to have to pay (a sum of money) in consequence of a crime, offence, breach of duty, or engagement. Const. to (the receiver).
a. in a strictly legal sense.
α1466Mann. & Househ. Exp. 176 They schal kontente me fore my parte of skenes that were foffetede, iiij. li. 1581Mulcaster Positions xxxvii. (1887) 152 Neither he, ne yet his parentes, can forsake their prince, vpon any colour without forfaiting more than a quarters scholehire. 1663Marvell Corr. xl. Wks. 1872–5 II. 88 The House adjournd till Wednesday fortnight..every one absent to forfeit five pounds. 1723De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 242 My life and effects were all forfeited to the English government. 1827Jarman Powell's Devises II. 261 The Court held the estate not to be forfeited by non-performance. 1833H. Martineau Tale of Tyne i. 15 You forget what you forfeit, if you have your indentures broke.
β1535Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 75 That ather..suld..forfalt all in the kingis hand. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. 13 They sall tine and forfalt all their cattell. 1688Ess. Magistracy in Harl. Misc. I. 5 Whoever goes about to subvert it..forefaults his own title. 1717Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 339 Such..should for that time forfault their part in the settlement of a parish.
b. gen. To lose by misconduct.
13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 638 Oure forme-fader hit con forfete Þurȝ an apple. c1400Destr. Troy 4450 To forfet þat faire place & offense make. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xxiv. (1632) 1147 Wee had..forfaited it [Calais] so that wee could enter into no other Article of peace. 1770Burke Pres. Discont. Wks. 1808 II. 303 The first franchise of an Englishman..is to be forfeited for some offence which no man knows. 1847Hamilton Rew. & Pun. vi. (1853) 263 The angels forefeited all happiness..when they sinned. 1865Trollope Belton Est. xxv. 298 He had done nothing to forfeit her love.
c. In wider sense: To lose or give up, as a necessary consequence.
a1400Morte Arth. 437 Are I be fechyde wyth force, or forfette my landes. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, iv. iii. 27 So should we save a valiant gentleman, By forfeiting a traitor and a coward. 1615Crooke Body of Man 197 But shall we therefore forfet our knowledge because some men cannot conteine their lewd and inordinate affections? 1802Med. Jrnl. 389 Nor can any one regulate his professional conduct by it, without forfeiting all claim to consistency. 1847Emerson Repr. Men, Montaigne Wks. (Bohn) I. 350 The moral sentiment..never forfeits its supremacy. 1871G. H. Napheys Prev. & Cure Dis. i. viii. 231 The liquid forfeits part of its strength on exposure to the air.
d. absol. or intr. To incur the penalty of forfeiture or (obs.) confiscation.
1727Pope, etc. Art of Sinking 124 It shall be reckoned a neglect of her business, and she shall forfeit accordingly. 1755Mem. Capt. P. Drake i. 2 The Family remained in peaceable possession of this Estate..until the War..when..they forfeited, and were driven to shift for themselves.
3. Of the executive power:
a. To subject (land, etc.) to forfeiture; to confiscate. Obs. exc. Hist.
α1382Wyclif Dan. ii. 5 Your housis shuln be maad commoun, or forfetid [Vulg. publicabuntur]. 1611Bible Ezra x. 8 All his substance should be forfeited. 1700Dryden Pref. Fables (Globe) 495 Let them be staved or forfeited, like counterbanded goods.
β1375Barbour Bruce xiii. 499 All his land was sesit, and forfalt to the kyng. a1834Surtees Poem in Taylor Life (Surtees) 246 If thou wilt not ride with us, Yet shall thy lands forfaulted be. 1895Crockett Mosshaggs 163 As for Earlstoun, we heard it was to be forfaulted very soon.
b. Chiefly Sc. To subject (a person) to forfeiture or confiscation (of estates, etc.); to confiscate the estates of. Obs. exc. Hist.
αa1400Morte Arth. 1155 We mone be forfetede in faith, and flemyde for ever! 1565Earl of Bedford in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. II. 209 That the Earles..sholde have byne forfited yf the kinge coulde not be perswaded. 1639Drummond of Hawthornden Queries of State Wks. (1711) 177 Whether it be lawful to proscribe and forfeit country-men. 1707Duke of Athol in Vulpone 20 It is the height of Injustice..to forfeit any Person without a Hainous Crime. 1816Scott Old Mort. xxix, With the purpose of forfeiting and fining such men of property whom [etc.]. 1862Ld. Brougham Brit. Const. xv. 236 Seventy individuals..were forfeited for their adherence to the King.
β1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 637 The Thane of Calder for tressoun and cryme Forfaltit wes. 1567Satir. Poems Reform. iii. 201 Quha did forfault him of his land and rent. 1582–8Hist. James VI (1804) 71 The regent..causit forfalt my Lord Fleyming. 1676W. Row Contn. Blair's Autobiog. xi. (1848) 350 The Parliament did for⁓fault all those that were upon that jury. 1755Carte Hist. Eng. IV. 284 The Scotch parliament..forefaulted general Ruthven for refusing to surrender the castle of Edinburgh.
†4. To exact a forfeit or fine from. Also absol.
c1592Marlowe Jew of Malta ii. ii, With extorting, cozening, forfeiting, I fill'd the jails with bankrouts. 1736Fielding Pasquin 1, I dare not go into the Green-room; I shall be forfeited if I go in there.
†5. To cause the forfeiture, loss, or ruin of. Obs.
αa1611Beaum. & Fl. Maid's Trag. iv. i, Such another forgetfulness Forfeits your life. 1670Dryden Conq. Granada i. i, Outrage unpunish'd when a Prince is by, Forfeits to Scorn the Rights of Majesty. 1673Essex Papers (Camden) I. 62 Any Practice of this kind would immediately forfeit their commands. 1679L. Addison Mahumedism 29 This had utterly forfeited him the reputation of a Prophet. 1704–5Wycherley Let. to Pope 25 Jan. in Pope's Wks. (1737) V. 4 Your good wit never forfeited your good judgment but in your partiality to me and mine.
β1639Chas. I. Declar. Tumults Scot. Wks. 361 Albeit..yet that doth not..forefault the Kirk's right. |