| 释义 |
▪ I. receiver1|rɪˈsiːvə(r)|
Forms: see receive and -er1 (-or); also 5 ryssavour.
[Orig. a. AF. *receivere or receivour, receyvour = OF. recevere (-erre, -eire) and recevour (mod.F. receveur), agent-n. f. receivre, recevoir to receive. In later use also directly f. the verb + -er1.]
1. a. One who receives, in various senses of the vb.
a1340Hampole Psalter lxxxviii[i]. 26 My fadire ert þou, my God and reseyuere of my hele. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 279 Boþe þe ȝevere and resceyvere of ordris in þis caas schulden be degradid. 1472–5Rolls of Parlt. VI. 157/2 Yevers, takers, and receyvers of Lyveres and Signees. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 294 b, Therfore this ioye is perfyte, and the receyuer therof is perfytly mortifyed. 1579Fulke Ref. Rastel 727 An other miracle of an vnworthie receiuer, in whose hand the Sacrament was turned into ashes. 1656Cowley Pindar. Odes i. xi, In this thankless world the Givers Are envi'ed ev'n by the Receivers. 1705Stanhope Paraphr. II. 312 The Condition of the Receiver is..a great deal worse than if he had not received it at all. 1809N. Pinkney Trav. France 11 Though they cost little to the giver, [they] are not the less valuable to the receiver. 1883Law Rep. 9 App. Cases 80 If the Crown paid income tax it would be at once payer and receiver.
†b. Hunting. The huntsman who with his dog intercepts and brings down the hunted deer. Obs. rare— 1.
c1400Master of Game (MS. Digby 182) xxxv, And as of feutreres if þei ben sette, þe firste teysoure and þe resceyuour that draweth hym doune shull parte þe skynne.
c. (a) Amer. Football, an offensive player eligible to catch a pass; also, a defender designated to receive a kick-off or punt, a safety man (cf. wide receiver s.v. wide a.); (b) U.S. Baseball, a catcher.
1897Encycl. Sport I. 421/2 The direction of a pass must depend upon where the prospective receiver is. 1908Baseball Mag. Aug. 16/1 Flint was a wonderful catcher and the amount of work he could stand would make some of the receivers of today take notice. 1921Outing Jan. 156/3 (caption) Crangle of Illinois was..a sure receiver of the forward pass. 1935L. Little How to watch Football vii. 140 The passer..would be helpless without the receiver who is able to get into position. 1940D. Hill Football through Years 64/2 The accompanying illustrations..show what a split second can mean to the receiver of the ball in fast brilliant play. 1957Encycl. Brit. IX. 474/2 Eligible receivers were the players at the end of the line of scrimmage. 1967Ebony June 128/3 Battey has been Howard's chief rival as the American League's premier receiver. 1972J. Mosedale Football i. 7 A great receiver like Paul Warfield..loafs through his pass patterns until the defender relaxes. 1981Sports Illustr. 12 Feb. 28 The Irish set up one touchdown by Walker when their kickoff receivers got their signals crossed.
2. One who receives on behalf of others:
a. An official, officer, or servant appointed to receive money due; a treasurer, collector. Also general receiver: see receiver-general.
In ordinary use down to c 1700; now chiefly Hist., or in reference to foreign countries.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 287 A lord of grete honoure, Þat was þe tresorere, of Flandres resceyuoure. 1432Rolls of Parlt. IV. 396/2 Be the handes of the Receyvour of Cornewayll for the tyme beyng. c1500Melusine 356 Duryng that long space of tym he asked of his receyuours none acomptes. 1534Act 26 Hen. VIII, c. 3 §10 All fees for stewardes, receiuers, bailliffes, and auditours. 1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa iv. 221 Fiue great gates..at euery one of which there is placed a garde of soldiers, and certaine receiuers of the Kings custome. 1693Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) III. 102 The jury this day gave in a verdict at the court of exchequer in the cause between the kings receiver of Worcestershire and the county of Bucks. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xvii. II. 55 Twenty-nine provincial receivers, of whom eighteen were honoured with the title of count, corresponded with the treasurer. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xv. III. 534 Their receivers were appointed receivers for the Crown, and continued to collect the revenues of the vacant sees. 1874G. W. Dasent Half a Life I. 72, I was sorry to see..that the Receiver's house—for Gell was the Chapter Receiver [at Westminster]—was being pulled down.
fig.1705Stanhope Paraphr. II. 304 He hath declared the Poor his Receivers. a1711Ken Hymnarium Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 55 Love my Receiver best can know The mighty Debts I owe. 1869Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. xvi. 3 Poor believers are God's receivers, and have a warrant from the Crown to receive the revenue of our offerings in the King's name.
b. A person appointed by a court to administer the property of a bankrupt, or property which is the subject of litigation, pending the suit. In recent use also official receiver.
1793F. Vesey Jr. Chancery Repts. I. 139 The security given by a receiver here does not relate to the faithful management. 1841Penny Cycl. XIX. 325/1 The cases in which a receiver is appointed are those in which there is great danger of property being wasted or lost. 1886Pall Mall G. 26 Oct. 11/1 The official receiver is the outward and visible sign of the new departure in bankruptcy legislation.
c. (See quots.)
1607Cowell Interpr. s.v. Receiver, There is also an officer called the Reiceiuer of Fynes, who receueth the mony of all such as compound with the King..for the buying of any lands, or tenements houlden in Capite. 1863H. Cox Instit. i. xi. 260 To distinguish between those petitions which were properly within the cognizance of Parliament and those which were not, certain ‘Receivers and Triers’ were appointed. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 564 Receivers of Droits of Admiralty,..Receivers of Wreck, persons specially charged with wrecked property for the benefit of the shipping interests. 1977N.Z. Herald 8 Jan. 1–3/10 Meanwhile, the Nelson receiver of wreck, Mr R. K. Watson, said no legal action would be taken against the three men who boarded the boat and claimed salvage rights.
d. An official of the Metropolitan Police Force (see quot. 1966).
1829Act 10 Geo. IV c. 44 §10 It shall be lawful for His Majesty to appoint a proper Person to receive all Sums of Money applicable to the Purposes of this Act, who shall be called ‘The Receiver for the Metropolitan Police District’. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 818/1 The county council of any county within the Metropolitan Police District has to transfer to the receiver of police a sum bearing..proportion to the police rate. 1928Daily Mail 7 Aug. 17/2 The Receiver is concerned with equipment and so forth..of..the Metropolitan Police. 1966J. D. Devlin Police Procedure, Administration & Organisation iii. 20 The police authority of the Metropolitan Police Force is the Home Secretary, and the official responsible for police property, buildings and finance is the Receiver for the Metropolitan Police.., who is appointed by the Crown. Ibid., In provincial forces, the duties and functions of the Receiver fall on the police authority.
3. One who knowingly receives stolen goods or harbours offenders; a resetter.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 255 Þe robbed he alle held, as a resceyuour. 1532More Debell. Salem Wks. 996/1 Murderers & theues and such as are theues receiuours. 1544Bale Sir J. Oldcastle 39 b, Receyuers, defenders.., ayders, and maynteners of condemned heretyques. 1655tr. Com. Hist. Francion ii. 33 Perretta..became their Receiver, and concealed the Goods they stole. 1715Leoni Palladio's Archit. (1742) II. 78 For apprehending Incendiaries, Thieves, or their Receivers. 1828P. Cunningham N.S. Wales (ed. 3) II. 194 Decided receivers ought indeed to be worked in irons during the whole of their sentence. 1877A. B. Edwards Up Nile xxi. 653 An organised band, not only of robbers, but of receivers, who lived by depredations.
4. a. That which receives; a receptacle.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xxxix. (Bodl. MS.), What is fleting and watry..turneth into flewme and þe resceyuoure þereof is þe lunges. 1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. I iv, The bladder..is a receyuer of ayguous superfluytees of the kydnees. 1609C. Butler Fem. Mon. v. (1623) K iij, Having first parted the new Combs and the old with a long knife, take off the upper Hiue or Receiuer. 1751Harris Hermes Wks. (1841) 131 The ship..being so eminently a receiver and container of various things. 1780New Newgate Cal. V. 126 The screws of the receiver of the bolt [had been] forced out of the wood.
b. A tank or reservoir; a vessel to hold anything.
1538Leland Itin. III. 88 Much Ground therabout is playne and low, and as a Pan or Receyver of most parte of the Water of Wyleshire. 1677Plot Oxfordsh. 239 Behind that [are] the Receivers of water to supply the Pipes. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 280 Channels of the water, which might easily be formed into proper receivers. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 136 After the superfluous alkaline ley had been drained from them, they were arranged on a grating in a receiver. a1864Gesner Coal, Petrol., etc. (1865) 147 The receivers are vessels in which the crude oil pumped from the retort vat is settled.
c. A mould to receive molten metal.
1846Greener Sci. Gunnery 112 Any person may case-harden a few pounds weight of stubs, and afterwards melt them in a crucible, and run them into a receiver.
d. (See quot. 1970.)
1938M. Langley Refuelling in Flight 18, I insisted that the tanker (giver) should formate on the liner or bomber (receiver). 1970Gloss. Aeronaut. & Astronaut. Terms (B.S.I.) x. 17 Receiver aircraft, an aircraft which is being refuelled in the air.
5. As the name of certain parts of apparatus or machinery, intended to receive and contain something.
a. Chem. A vessel for receiving and condensing the product of distillation. b. The bell glass of an air-pump. c. The receptacle for mercury in a barometer. d. An airtight vessel for receiving and containing gases. e. Engin. A chamber to receive steam and water alternately, used in old forms of water-raising steam-engines. f. (see quots.).
a.1576Baker Jewell of Health iv. 256 The Retort then set into ashes, fixing a large receiuer to it. 1605Timme Quersit. i. v. 21 Those saltes, being put into a retort,..with a receiver, stilleth forth a volatile salt. 1662R. Mathew Unl. Alch. 152 Lay to it a receiver as big as the retort. 1758Reid tr. Macquer's Chym. I. 226 Set the retort in a reverberatory furnace: fit thereto a large glass receiver. 1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. I. 299 When the heat is very strong, it assumes the form of an oil, which falls into the water of the receiver. 1899J. Cagney tr. Jaksch's Clin. Diagn. vii. (ed. 4) 393 The dark brown oily fluid in the receiver is freed from æther by evaporation.
b.1660Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. Proem 6 The Receiver, or Glass to be empty'd, consisting of one entire and uninterrupted Globe and Neck of Glass. Ibid. 9 Which we, with the Glass-men, shall often call a Receiver, for its affinity to the large Vessels of that name, used by Chymists. 1705W. Derham in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 317, I tryed it divers hours and divers times in the Receiver, unexhausted and exhausted. 1816J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art II. 6 When the operation of pumping the air out of the receiver must cease.
attrib.1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XV. 110/1 The hole in the receiver-plate [being] shut up, the pump was made to exhaust as far as it could.
fig.1878T. Sinclair The Mount 296 The ‘religion of humanity’ is an exhausted receiver.
c.1682Locke in Boyle Hist. Air (1692) 128 That new fitting my Barometer, here the Mercury was raised by Addition of more in the receiver.
d.1817Conversat. on Chem. I. vi. 193 We shall introduce a small lighted taper under this glass receiver. 1871B. Stewart Heat §134 This generator is connected with an equally strong iron vessel called the receiver.
e.1702Savery Miner's Friend, Fill the Vessels called Receivers with Steam strong enough. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XVII. 745/2 The entry of the steam into the receiver merely allowed the water to run out of it by a large valve. 1824R. Stuart Hist. Steam Engine 43 The pipe..is sixteen feet long, from the surface of the water to the stage on which the receiver..is placed.
f.1882Sennett Marine Steam Engine iv. xix. 328 By the term receiver is to be understood the whole of the space between the high-pressure piston and the back of the low-pressure slide-valve or valves. 1887Encycl. Brit. XXII. 494. 1900 J. Rose Key to Engines 200 A Receiver..acts as a reservoir of steam for the low pressure or intermediate cylinder, as the case may be.
6. a. Med. A piece of flannel in which a newly-born infant is placed.
1688Lond. Gaz. 22 Oct. 3 This Deponent opened the Receivor, and saw it was a Son. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XI. 781/1 The infant must be wrapped in a warm receiver. 1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 451 Linen thread, ligatures, flannel receiver, antiseptic lubricant.
b. Surg. A surgical basin.
1767Gooch Treat. Wounds I. 450 Towels and receivers for the Viscera, when they are to be taken out of their cavities. 1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 425 In washing or syringing a wound a receiver must always be placed to collect the water or lotion that has touched the sore.
7. a. A device or instrument which receives an electric current or a telegraphic message.
1873J. C. Maxwell Electr. & Magn. §213 During this cycle the positive receiver has lost a charge a V and gained a charge B′V′. 1876Preece & Sivewright Telegraphy 119 The Receiver is a Morse direct inkwriter, of a novel and sensitive character. 1894Times 30 Apr. 3/4 The recording instrument known as Kelvin's syphon receiver.
b. An apparatus which receives and reproduces sounds transmitted from another part of an electric circuit; that part of a telephone which is applied to the ear. Also occas. applied loosely to the complete telephone receiving-unit.
1877Nature XVI. 403/2 The apparatus at each end..becomes alternately transmitter and receiver, first being put to the mouth to receive sounds, and then to the ear to impart them. 1889Preece & Maier Telephone vi. 49 These intense vibrations produce powerful induced currents, which give rise in the receiver to corresponding vibrations, and thus create a considerable noise. 1897Sears, Roebuck Catal. 472/2 (Advt.), The improved long distance battery telephone of the regular Bell telephone style with..compound pole receiver. 1918S. Leacock Frenzied Fiction iv. 52 ‘Great-grandfather,’ I said, as I hung up the receiver in disgust, ‘you are a Mutt!’ 1936Dylan Thomas in New Verse Dec. 17 The parting of hat from hair, Pursed lips from the receiver. 1971Daily Tel. 11 June 32/6 The amount of telephoning which has to be done does not justify two receivers at the charity's office. 1980A. N. Wilson Healing Art xvi. 195 He had a telephone receiver to his ear.
c. An apparatus for receiving radio or other signals transmitted as electromagnetic waves; now spec. a combined tuner and amplifier (without a loud-speaker).
1891Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1890 757 To calculate the force between two neighbouring Hertzian receivers. 1912Chambers's Jrnl. Jan. 60/2, I had got our receiver into ‘tune’ with the transmitter on board a steamer some miles away. 1927Radio Assoc. Official Handbk. 50 The ultimate Television receiver will be a simple piece of apparatus. 1930Morning Post 18 Aug. 3/4 With any good receiver..several foreign stations may be regularly well received. 1933[see looker n. 1 d]. 1955Radio Times 22 Apr. 3/2 The F.M. receiver is designed to take advantage of the full frequency range transmitted. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. XI. 200/1 In most pulse-radar systems a single antenna serves for both transmission and reception... The duplexer protects the sensitive receiver by disconnecting it from the antenna during the presence of the powerful transmitter pulse. 1973Daily Tel. (Colour Suppl.) 12 Oct. 31/4 Other products not listed include radio tuners and tuner/amplifiers (known now as ‘receivers’). 1976A. White Long Silence 31 By the time Dick was thirteen, he'd built his own radio receiver and transmitter. 1978Gramophone May 1958/1 Trio (B. H. Morris) plan to demonstrate several new amplifiers, tuners, receivers and turntables.
d. A detector of sound or other compressional waves.
1920Physical Rev. XV. 178 A pair of receivers mounted on a horizontal rod which may be rotated..is an efficient device for getting the direction of a source of sound. 1931Stewart & Lindsay Acoustics x. 261 The earliest type of acoustic receiver was the so-called Broca tube, consisting..of a sphere or nipple C of rubber or sheet metal attached to the end of a listening tube T. 1957Noltingk & Terry in E. G. Richardson Technical Aspects of Sound II. ii. 111 Magnetostrictive and piezoelectric receivers may be designed. 1973Nature 30 Nov. 297/1 This communication describes the results of a reversed seismic refraction line carried out with explosives and seabed receivers in the median valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Add:[5.] g. That part of a firearm which houses the action and to which the barrel and other components are attached.
1872C. Norton Amer. Breech-Loading Small Arms ii. 80 Unscrew the barrel from the receiver. 1895Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 466/2 Receiver, complete with Guard. 1959W. Faulkner Mansion i. 38 He took from its corner behind the door the tremendous ten-gauge double-barrelled shotgun which had belonged to his grandfather, the twin hammers standing above the receiver almost as tall as the ears of a rabbit. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XVI. 897/2 In all early bolt actions one or more projections, frequently called lugs, revolved from open space into recesses in the receiver, the rear portion of the weapon. 1985Survival Weaponry Dec. 6/1 If the recoil spring could be put into the receiver, it would be possible to dispense with the butt.
▸ Lawn Tennis, Badminton, etc. A player who does not have service for a particular point or game; the person to whom the ball is served.
1919C. E. M. Joad Ess. Common Sense Philos. i. 34 Thus at tennis the flight of the ball is commonly taken by the receiver to afford an indication of the way in which it will bounce. 1920Times 3 Feb. 7/2 The server has won three points and the receiver one. 1974R. J. Mills & E. Butler Tackle Badminton ii. 27 The server must always wait until the receiver is ready. 2003Austral. Financial Rev. (Nexis) 21 June 67 The ball is at its fastest during the serve, and that is where the court effects are starkest as the receiver uses every millisecond of extra time to scramble a useful return.
▪ II. † reˈceiver2 Obs.—1.
[f. receive v., app. on anal. of words ending in -er4.]
A bow made in acknowledgement of something received.
1620Shelton Quix. iv. xiii. II. 158, I kissed the Cross, and took up the Money..and we all together made our Receivers. |