| 释义 |
† forˈlese, v. Obs.
Forms: inf. 1 forléosan, 2–3 -leosen, 3 -losen, -lesen, 4–5 -lese, (6 Sc. -leir). pa. tense 1 forléas, Northumb. -léos, pl. -luron, 3 forleas, (2nd pers. sing. forlure), 3–4 forles, 6–7 forlore, Sc. forloir. pa. pple. 1–4 forloren, 4 north. forlose(n, -in, 4–8 forlorne, 6–7 forelorn(e, 3–9 forlore, (5 forlo(o)r, 6 Sc. forloir, 8 forelore), 3– forlorn.
[OE. forléosan, pa. tense forléas, pl. forluron, pa. pple. forloren; = OFris. forliasa, -liesa, OS. far-, forleosan, -liosan, OHG. far-, fer-, for-, furleosan, -liosan (MHG. verliesen, Ger. verlieren), Goth. fraliusan; f. for- prefix1 + -léosan, ME. lesen: see lese v.
After 15th c. only in pa. pple., and (rarely) in the new forms, inf. (Sc.) forleir, pa. tense forlore (Sc. forloir).]
1. trans. To lose, in various senses.
Beowulf 2861 (Gr.) æt þam ᵹeongum..Þam þe ær his elne forleas. c1175Lamb. Hom. 83 Mon hefde uorloren efre stephne bi-uore gode. c1205Lay. 213 Creusa..þe Eneas his fader in Troie for-leas. a1225Ancr. R. 246 Þe weorreur of helle mei longe asailen ou, & forleosen al his hwule. a1250Owl & Night. 815 An so for-lost the hund his fore. a1300Cursor M. 714 (Cott.) To win þe blis he had forlosin. c1374Chaucer Boeth. iv. pr. iv. 100 (Camb. MS.) Yif þat a man hadde al for-lorn hys syhte. c1430Hymns Virg. 124 Thy honde warke þat þou hast wrowyth, My dere son, forlese hem nowhte! c1460Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 188 My right ere I have forlorne. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 322 b, It may seeme we have..forlorne all mercy and compassion. 1600Fairfax Tasso vii. i, Her feeble hand the bridle raines forlore. 1663Robin Hood & Curtal Friar xiii. in Child Ballads v. cxxiii. (1888) 124/1 Carry me over the water..Or else thy life's forlorn.
2. To destroy, cause to perish, cut off.
a1000Cædmon's Gen. 1281 (Gr.) He wolde..forleosan lica ᵹehwilc. c1200Vices & Virtues (E.E.T.S.) 73 Gif he [a pot] ðar inne bersteð and brekð, he is forloren and sone ut-ȝeworpen. c1250Gen. & Ex. 1143 Ðo meidenes..wenden..ðat man-kinde were al for-loren. 1390Gower Conf. I. 314 Thus they that comen first to-fore Upon the rockes ben forlore. 1560Rolland Crt. Venus iii. 274 Becaus Diomeid wald forleir The fers Troians. 1614Sylvester Bethulia's Rescue vi. 175 For the God of Power Th' Assyrian Forces hath this Night forlorn. 1664Flodden F. i. 2 Worthy Lords by him forlorne.
b. intr. for refl. To perish, come to nought.
a1225St. Marher. 3 Ne ne let tu neauer mi sawle forleosen wið þe forlorne. a1225Leg. Kath. 2254 Nalde nawt godd leoten his martirs licomes liggen to forleosen.
c. trans. To bring to ruin, put to shame, confound; also, to lead astray to one's ruin. (Usually in passive.)
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 5 Forleteð yure synne. þat ȝe ne ben ifunden on sunne and swo forlorene. a1300E.E. Psalter cxlii[i]. 12 And for-lese my faas in merci þine. c1400Melayne 77 Late never my sawle be forlorne. a1471Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 241 Unavysyd clerk soone may be forlore Unto that theef [Simony] to donne obeysaunce. 1578Gude & Godlie Ballates 193 Lowse me or I be forloir And heir my mone. 1591Spenser Vis. Worlds Vanitie vi, O! how great vainnesse is it then to scorne The weake, that hath the strong so oft forlorne!
3. To leave, abandon, desert, forsake.
c1460Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 97 The order of preesthode he has forlorne. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. ix. 52 Her frail witt, that now her quite forlore. 1600Fairfax Tasso iii. lxxvi, The birds their nests forlore.
Hence forˈlesing vbl. n., loss, perdition.
1340Ayenb. 156 Uor þet me be-ulyȝt hire folye and hire uorlyezinge. Ibid. 243. |