| 释义 |
▪ I. trend, n.|trɛnd|
[f. next.]
1. A rounded bend or circuit of a stream. dial.
c1630Risdon Surv. Devon §253 (1810) 261 In the trend of Touridge,..stands Meeth. a1874O. Madox-Brown Dwale Bluth i. iv. (1876) I. 87 We'd dew best ter palch along ter th' trend i th' holler hinder.
2. Wool (partly cleaned) wound in tops for spinning: cf. next, 2 b. dial.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Trend, clean wool.
3. Naut.
a. That part of the shank of an anchor where it thickens towards the crown.
1794Rigging & Seamanship I. 79 Several parts of the anchor are governed by the size of the trend, which is marked on the shank at the same distance from the inside of the throat as the arm measures..to the extremity of the bill. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Trend of an Anchor, the lower end of the shank, where it thickens towards the arms, usually at one-third from the crown.
b. The angle between the direction of the anchor-cable and that of the ship's keel.
1879in Webster Suppl.
4. a. The way something trends or bends away; the general direction which a stream or current, a coast, mountain-range, valley, stratum, etc. tends to take.
1777Horæ Subsecivæ 438 (E.D.D.). 1803W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. I. 438 Tracing the course of streams, or the trend of coasts. 1854Murchison Siluria xii. 305 The trend and character of the marine currents. 1872C. King Mountain. Sierra Nev. i. 2 Numerous ridges..having a general north-east trend. 1876A. H. Green Phys. Geol. (1877) 316 As we recede..along the trend of a belt of shale.
b. fig. The general course, tendency, or drift (of action, thought, etc.). Now freq. with qualifying word and without const.
1884Chr. Commw. 12 June 823/2 The trend of the thought and action of the churches is..towards the consecration of every department of life. 1902G. W. E. Russell Londoner's Log-Book xiv. 243 Beyond doubt, Bounderley's local popularity is waning. The ‘trend’ is pointing in another direction. 1912Lady Burghclere Life Jas., 1st Dk. Ormonde I. xii. 377 The general trend of affairs in Munster. 1928Granta 3 Feb. 240 Show me a play that's Russian with a psycho⁓symbolical trend. 1930M. A. Magee (title) Materials for the study of business trends in location of the women's clothing industry. 1967Singha & Massey Indian Dances i. 38 This can be regarded as a healthy trend since it has aroused a consciousness of the dance.
c. spec. in Educ. (See quots.)
1960Where? iii. 18/1 ‘Trend’, the, jargon for the increasing tendency of pupils to stay at school beyond the compulsory school-leaving age. 1962A. Sampson Anatomy of Britain xii. 185 Since the war more children are staying on voluntarily than had been expected..(the phenomenon known to schoolteachers as ‘Trend’). 1969H. Perkin Key Profession v. 208 The ‘trend’, that is, the growing demand on the part of the young and their parents for higher education expressed in the tendency to stay on at school beyond the statutory leaving age.
5. Geol. A geological formation which is a source of oil or gas. Cf. sense 4 a.
1939Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists XXIII. 860 The Jackson trend continued to lead in the number of discoveries with 16 new [oil] fields. 1977Time 5 Dec. 59/1 In Louisiana, the ‘trend’ (main potential gas⁓producing formation) lies four miles beneath the green bayous and sugar-cane fields.
6. Special Comb.: trend analysis, analysis of (esp. statistical) data in order to detect or study any trend represented in them; trend line, a line indicating the general course or tendency of something (as a geographical feature or a set of points on a graph); trend-spotter, one who observes (or seeks to predict) the changing tide of fashion, in dress, ideas, etc.; trend surface, a mathematically defined surface computed as a best fit to the sampled values of some parameter over an area of interest; so trend surface analysis.
1934M. Sasuly Trend Analysis of Statistics i. 6 The primary purpose of this book is to derive formulas and computation schedules that will simplify..practical trend analysis. 1964M. Argyle Psychol. & Social Probl. xv. 183 For purposes of trend analysis it is not particularly interesting to know how particular people have changed, since this confuses developmental with historical trends—we want to compare groups of people today with equivalent groups at a previous date. 1971Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. LXXXIV. 107 Trend analysis showed that performance under steady illumination did not vary over wavelength.
1912Q. Rev. Apr. 532 The trend-lines of mountain systems are the results..of something more than a lateral pressure. 1930M. Ezekiel Method of Correlation Analysis xvi. 239 The residuals from the final trend line might be again plotted against the other curves, to see if any further changes were necessary. 1959Listener 2 Apr. 581/2 The almost level trend-line of coal production. 1965G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. iii. 30/2 The lateral displacements are as much as 95 ft from the trend-line of the lode. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 6 Nov., If you slow growth, it means that the trend line for the production of automobiles, refrigerators, houses, and so forth will begin to taper down.
1965Punch 21 Apr. 570/2 As trend⁓spotters will have spotted, the sweet-and-twenty blonde, who was last year selling us Scotch, shirts and motor-cars from the hoardings is increasingly yielding place to little winsome children. 1980Times Lit. Suppl. 21 Nov. 1316/4, I don't deny that ideology can be adopted as a fashionable mode, but ideas, real ideas, do not make their appearance and disappearance merely to satisfy the shaping whims of trend-spotters; and to pretend that they do is to become a trend-spotter yourself.
1956R. L. Miller in Jrnl. Geol. LXIV. 425 The problem of defining and analyzing contemporary environments of sedimentation is approached from the point of view of mapping ‘trend surfaces’. 1959Jrnl. Geophysical Res. LXIV. 823 Trend surface analysis is a procedure for separating the relatively large-scale systematic changes in mapped data from essentially non-systematic small-scale variations due to local effects. 1978B. Chapman Clarke's Analytical Archaeol. (ed. 2) x. 455 (caption) The location of the cultural assemblages in the Central Plains which have been analysed by trend-surface analysis.
▪ II. trend, v.
Also 7 treand, trent, 8–9 dial. trind. Pa. tense and pple. trended; also 4 pa. tense trent, trend(e, pa. pple. trent, i-, y-trent, 6 pa. pple. trend.
[ME. trenden, OE. trendan (rare):—OTeut. *trand-jan, f. ablaut series *trend: *trand: *trund, which appears also in OE. trinde round lump, ball, OFris. trind, trund, NFris. trind, MLG. trint, trent, trunt adjs. round, MLG. trent ring, circumference, boundary, Du. trent circumference, omtrent around, about; also Da., Sw. trind round. Ulterior relations obscure: cf. Falk and Torp. See also trendle, trindle, trundle.]
†1. intr. To turn round, revolve, rotate, roll; to turn or roll oneself about; also fig. Obs.
a1000MS. Cott. Faust. A. x. in Anglia I. 285 Se æppel næfre þæs feorr ne trenddeð, he cyð, hwanon he com. [c1000in Napier O.E. Glosses 5 Teretes, i. rotundos, sintrendende [v.r. sintredende], sinhwyrfende. ]13..Guy Warw. (A.) 314 He went and trent [Caius MS. He wende, he trende] his bed opon, So man þat is wo bigon. 1398[see trending vbl. n. 1]. 14..Beryn 2038 The trowth woll be previd, how so men evir trend. 1654Vilvaine Epit. Ess. i. 32 The whol frame doth round in her orb trend.
†2. trans. To cause (a thing) to turn round; to turn or roll (anything); to twist, plait, curl; fig. to revolve in one's mind. Obs. (exc. as in b).
c1315Shoreham vii. 78 A myȝt..Þat halt vp þerþe and sterren bryȝte Aboute itrent. c1374Chaucer Boeth. iii. met. xi. 79 (Camb. MS.) Lat hym rollen and trenden with-Inne hym self the Lyht of his inward syhte. c1380Sir Ferumb. 5881 Wyþ eȝene graye, and browes bent, And ȝealwe traces, & fayre y-trent. 1594Willobie Avisa (1880) 87 The Spindle that you see me driue, Hath fyld the spill so often trend. 1613–16W. Browne Brit. Past. ii. iii, Not farre beneath i'th valley as she trends Her siluer streame.
b. To wind (wool, partly cleaned) into tops for spinning. dial. (Cf. trendle n. 5.)
1777[see trended]. 1794Young's Ann. Agric. XXVI. 454 Herefordshire is the only county that I know which continues the practice of trinding (or winding the wool in tops, ready sorted in some degree for fine drapers). 1828Webster, Trend, v.t., in rural economy, to free wool from its filth. (Local.)
†3. intr. To make a circuit, travel around or about the edge of a region or piece of land; to skirt, coast (about, along). Obs.
1580in Hakluyt Voy. (1599) I. 437 You shall trend about the very Northerne and most Easterly point of all Asia. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 137 The maine Desarts: which all this while we had trented along, and now were to passe through. 1622R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea (1847) 179 Trending about the cape, wee haled in east north-east, to fetch the bay of Atacames.
†b. More vaguely: To turn or direct one's course. Obs.
1618in Foster Eng. Factories India (1906) 11 Their provisions trend from Mosambique to the Mulluccas. 1647[see trending vbl. n. 2 b]. 1846Landor Imag. Conv. Wks. I. 87/1 The religion of blood, like the beasts of prey, will continue to trend northward.
†c. trans. To coast along, skirt; to make the circuit of, to round (a point of land). Obs.
1600Hakluyt Voy. III. 206 We trended the said land about 9. or 10. leagues, hoping to finde some good harborough. 1602Carew Cornwall ii. 98 b, From thence trending Penlee poynt, you discouer Kings Sand and Causam Bay.
4. intr. To turn off in a specified direction; to tend to take a direction or course expressed by the context; to run, stretch, incline, bend (in some direction), as a river, current, coast-line, mountain-range, territory, stratum, etc.
1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 104 The riuer of..Volga.. issueth from the North part of Bulgaria..and so trending along Southward disimboqueth into a certain lake. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. i. 766 The shore treandeth out more and more. 1635Voy. Foxe & James to N.W. (Hakl. Soc.) II. 354, I see the land trent to the Southward. 1779Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 194 From the island of Ebus, the coast trends to the northward. 1860Maury Phys. Geog. Sea ii. §116 In its course to the north, the Gulf Stream gradually trends more and more to the eastward. 1876Green Stray Stud. 290 Their path lay along the coast trending round to the west. 1892Stevenson Across the Plains 232 The rail⁓road trended to the right.
b. fig. To turn in some direction, to have a general tendency (as a discussion, events, etc.).
1863G. A. Lawrence Border & Bast. xiii. 243 In which direction do the sympathies and interests of the Border States actually trend? 1886Dowden Shelley I. iv. 164 The discussion..trended away from theology in the direction of politics. 1901B. Meakin Land of Moors xx. 407 The Land of the Moors, which, as things trend to-day, must in time form part of her [France's] colony.
c. trans. in casual sense: To turn or bend the course of in a particular direction. rare.
1840Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. III. 109/1 Laying the several courses perpendicular to the face of the arch..and trending them to the abutments in an angle dependent on the given obliquity.
Hence ˈtrended (dial. trinded) ppl. a. (spec. of wool: see 2 b), ˈtrending ppl. a.; also ˈtrender (dial.), one employed in winding (cleaned) wool.
1777Horæ Subsecivæ 438 (E.D.D.) Trinded wool, wool winded and fastned together with the ‘rind of a tree’. 1794[see trending vbl. n. 1 b]. 1805J. Luccock Nat. Wool 300 From the trended fleece of Herefordshire about one tenth of its weight is taken of coarse and inferior locks. 1828Webster, Trender, one whose business is to free wool from its filth. (Local.) 1856J. Martineau Ess., etc. (1891) IV. 44 No treaty..can trace a boundary-line any more than a mountain-chain or trending coast can keep out the Almighty Maker of them both. 1968D. L. Clarke Analytical Archaeol. vi. v. 274 Once again we have six trending variables, each with three crude attitudes. |