| 释义 |
franklin1|ˈfræŋklɪn|
Forms: 3 francoleyn, 4 fraunkeleyn, 4–6 frank(e)le(i)n, -(e)leyn, (4 fran(c)kelain, -layn(e, 5 franklon), 6–9 fran(c)klin(g, -lyn(g, 6– franklin.
[First recorded as Anglo-L. franc-colanus, francalanus, franchelanus (12–13th c.); it appears as AF. fraunclein a 1307 (Du Cange s.v. Franchilanus). The ultimate formation is clearly from med.L. francus, OF. franc frank a.2; but the process of formation is somewhat obscure.
The suffix is usually supposed to represent the OHG. -linc, -ling. This is possible, but the analogy of chamberlain is not quite conclusive, as there is no trace of an OHG. *franclinc or Lat. *franclingus, nor on the other hand does L. *camerlānus appear. Possibly francalānus may be f. the adj. francālis ‘having the rights of a freeman’, f. francus. The earliest spelling franccolanus suggests that the word was in 1200 supposed to be a compound.]
†1. A freeman. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 5374 First he was here als our thain Bot now es he for ai franckelain. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xix. 39 And þo þat bicome crysten, by conseille of þe baptiste, Aren frankeleynes, fre men. c1440Promp. Parv. 177/1 Frankeleyne, libertinus.
2. A freeholder; in 14–15th c. the designation of a class of landowners, of free but not noble birth, and ranking next below the gentry.
[1200Rotuli Chartarum 43/1 Unam carrucatam terrae apud Hamerwich cum villanis et franchelano. Ibid. 82/1 Omnia feuda militum et franccolanorum qui tenent de eodem monasterio. a1300Vit. Har. Reg. (1885) 34 A duobus ut fertur mediocribus viris quos francalanos sive agricolas voccant agnitus.] 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 36 Wel may a symple Francoleyn in mysese hym so bringe Of lutel lond, wan þen fel such of a kyng. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 239 No oþer lorde stoute, ne fraunkeleyn of toun, Tille holy kirke salle gyue tenement. c1386Chaucer Prol. 216 Ful wel biloved and famulier was he With frankeleyns over al in his cuntré. c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 1071 Marchaundes & Franklonz worshipfulle & honorable..may be set semely at a squyers table. 1528Roy Rede Me (Arb.) 100 One or two ryche francklyngis Occupyinge a dosen mens lyvyngis. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. x. 6 Entred in, a spatious court they see..Where them does meete a francklin faire and free. 1618–29App. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) I. 17 To make..Francklines, and rich Farmers, Esquires, to precede them, would yield your Majesty also a great sum of money in present. 1655Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. (1746) 340 The Franklin's Bread of England is counted most nourishing. 1659Howell Lexicon, Proverbs may be called the truest Franklins or Freeholders of a Countrey. 1843Lytton Last Bar. iv. v, His dress was that of a substantial franklin.
†3. Applied allusively to: A liberal host. Cf. frank a.2 2. Obs.
1577–87Holinshed Chron. II. 31/1 To purchase the name of a sumptuous frankelen or a good viander. 1727Somerville Officious Messenger 72 No Franklin carving of a Chine At Christide, ever look'd so fine. |