| 释义 |
free-riding, n.
Brit. |ˈfriːˌrʌɪdɪŋ|, |friːˈrʌɪdɪŋ|, U.S. |ˈfriˌraɪdɪŋ|, |ˌfriˈraɪdɪŋ|
[‹ free adj. + riding n.2 Compare later free-ride v.]
1. orig. and chiefly U.S.
a. The practice of travelling on a train without paying. Also in extended use of other forms of public transport. Now rare.
1855Janesville (Wisconsin) Gaz. (Electronic text) 13 Jan. The question is who has enjoyed all this free riding? 1859A. Easton Pract. Treat. Street or Horse-power Railways App. 109 You will allow no free riding, except in the cases hereinafter specified. 1899Cent. Mag. June 258/1, I also believed that the railroad companies would eventually stop free riding as the tramp practised it. 1954Lima (Ohio) News 13 Oct. 9/2 (headline) Pennsy RR [= Pennsylvania Railroad] takes whack at free riding custom. 2001Re: Lett. to 3D Mag. (NSW Fare Evasion) in aus.rail (Usenet newsgroup) 12 Dec. I have not tried ‘free-riding’ myself, but I recall one occasion, while taking a bus to work, that two ticket inspectors found someone on the bus without a ticket.
b. The action or practice of benefiting (or seeking to benefit) in some way from the effort, sacrifice, financial outlay, etc., of others, without making a similar contribution; an instance of this.
1935Wall St. Jrnl. 24 July 8/2 There has been a considerable amount of what may be regarded as a form of the so-called free riding in connection with new issues. 1942Washington Post 24 Feb. 23/6 A new ruling by the Treasury designed to block out the ‘free riders’. Free riding consists of subscribing to a new issue with the expectation of selling out almost at once at a slight profit. 1955Amer. Econ. Rev. 45 409 Imposing bond subscriptions are financed painlessly (even with ‘free-riding’ profit) by people who put themselves in funds by selling previously-bought securities to banks. 1974Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 82 1087 The ‘underrevealing’, ‘free-riding’, coordination of efforts, and ‘policing’ discussed for merit goods are common to all multiperson interactions. 1992Times Lit. Suppl. 28 Feb. 11/2 Once guilt makes free-riding less attractive, the strategy of talking up people's collective honesty has a better chance of working. 2000N.Y. Times 21 Aug. c4/1 Most Internet users are only taking files and not giving any back to their electronic community... ‘Free riding’ is the most common behavior.
2. Sport. The action or practice of mountain biking, cross-country motorcycling, skiing, or (esp.) snowboarding free of any established course or outside a competitive environment. Hence in mountain biking and motocross: riding over extremely rough terrain; the performance of stunts on (or as if on) such terrain, esp. in competition or for display.
1990Skiing Trade News (Nexis) Aug. 21 The third group, often known as freeriding or all-around boards, borrows elements from the other two. 1994J. Bennett & S. Downey Compl. Snowboarder iv. 42/2 ‘What's freeriding?’ you ask. Freeriding is taking off on any ol' trail and doing what feels good. There are no judges, slalom gates, halfpipes, or clocks. 2001Sports Illustr. (Electronic ed.) 15 Oct. Bender holds the freeriding record with a 60-foot [mountain bike] jump off the Jah Drop in Kamloops, B.C. |