| 释义 |
▪ I. trepan, n.1|trɪˈpæn|
Forms: 5–7 trepane, 5–6 trapane, 6 trappan(e, 7–8 trapan, 6– trepan.
[a. F. trépan (also † trapan) a borer, surgical crown-saw (14th c.), ad. med.L. trepanum (Du Cange) a crown-saw, ad. Gr. τρύπανον a borer.]
1. A surgical instrument in the form of a crown-saw, for cutting out small pieces of bone, esp. from the skull.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 127 Þis schal be þe foorme of a trepane with þe whiche þe brayn scolle schal be trepaned wiþ. 1525tr. Jerome of Brunswick's Surg. xxxiv. H j/2 If the bone be stronge, bore ther throughe many holes with the trappane. 1676Wiseman Chirurg. Treat. v. ix. 393, I began to work with the Trepan, which I much prefer before a Trephine, it being an Instrument which doth its work lightly, and cutteth the Bone equally. a1715Burnet Own Time an. 1660 (1766) I. 146 The operation of the trepan and the cure was counted one of the greatest performances of surgery at that time. 1846F. Brittan tr. Malgaigne's Man. Oper. Surg. 166 The trepan is applied to the cranium, sternum, and to the tibia, in cases of sequestrum. The scapula has also been trepanned, the os coccyx, the inferior maxilla, &c.
†2. A military engine formerly used in sieges: ? for boring holes in walls. Obs.
1584Hudson Du Bartas' Judith iii. 107 And there th' Inginers haue the Trepan drest, And reared vp the Ramme for battry best. 1608Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iv. iv. Decay 994 There-under (safe) the Ram with yron horn,..The boistrous Trepane, and steel Pick-ax play Their parts apace, not idle night nor day. 1610W. Folkingham Art of Survey i. xiii. 45 Engines..Militarie; as Battering-Rams,..Trepanes.
3. A boring instrument for sinking shafts. (Usually treated as F., trépan.)
1877Knight Dict. Mech., Trepan..2. (French.) A workman's name for the steel at the foot of a boring rod. 1903Illustr. Lond. News 10 Oct. 528 The great boring instrument or trêpan, rises and falls with a regular motion. 1903Daily Chron. 22 Oct. 3/5 An 18 ft. shaft has reached a depth of nearly 1,100 ft., the small trépan having gone much further down.
4. attrib., as trepan hole, a hole made in a bone by a trepan; trepan saw, a saw of the form of a trepan, a crown-saw.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 148 A is a pulley... It has the crown or trepan saw a fixed to it. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 239 A piece of metal tubing..is screwed into the trepan hole.
▪ II. trepan, trapan, n.2 Obs. or arch.|trəˈpæn|
Also 7–8 trapan, (trappan).
[A word of obscure and low origin, prob. originally a term of thieves' or rogues' slang. According to the known evidence, originally applied to a person in sense 1 below (quots. 1641, 1653). Thence arose the verb describing the action of such persons, trepan v.2, found in various constructions 1656–62. Hence, finally, a second use of the n. as a name of the action, 1665, sense 2 here. The earlier spelling of the n. was trapan, probably formed in some way from trap n.1 or v.1 The change to trepan, seen first in the vb., may have been due to association with trepan v.1 (a much earlier and well known word), of which trepan v.2 may have been supposed to be some sort of fig. application.
No F. trapan or trapaner in this sense is recognized by Littré, Hatz.-Darm., Cotgrave, Godefroy. Nor is there any reason to connect trapan with OProv. trapon ‘sorte de piège’, nor with It. trapanare = trepan v.1]
1. A person who entraps or decoys others into actions or positions which may be to his advantage and to their ruin or loss. Also applied to an animal (quot. 1686).
1641T. Jordan Walks of Islington ii. ii. (1657) D ij b, If we had known you had been a Trapan, you should ne'r have been admitted into our company. 1653(title) The Total Rout, or a Brief Discovery Of a Pack of Knaves and Drabs, intituled Pimps, Panders, Hectors, Trapans, Nappers, Mobs, and Spanners. 1686J. Dunton Lett. fr. New-Eng. (1867) 35 In colour he [alligator] is of a dark brown, which makes him the more imperceptable when he lies as a Trapan in the Waters. a1734North Exam. i. ii. (1740) 119 He was a Rogue, and a manifest Trapan of the Earl's. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xvii. IV. 32 Old associates who had once thought him a man of..spotless honour,..hinted their suspicions that he had been from the beginning a spy and a trepan.
2. [f. trepan v.2] The action of entrapping; a stratagem, trick; a trap or snare.
1665Surv. Aff. Netherl. 131 So the Muscovite likely, upon a Trepan upon him, to be none of their mildest Foes, hath Engrossed the Comerce of the Caspian Sea. c1668Roxb. Ball. (1891) VII. 380 Beware of Trappans: Maids, look to your Hits. 1671South Serm., Worldly Wisdom (1715) 341 There being a Snare, and a Trapan almost in every Word we hear. 1684Earl Roscom. Ess. Transl. Verse 16 But what a thoughtless Animal is Man, (How very Active in his own Trepan!) 1823Scott Peveril xlii, Aware, by experience, how many trepans, as they were then termed, were used betwixt two contending factions.
▪ III. treˈpan, v.1
Forms: see trepan n.1
[f. trepan n.1, or F. trépaner (14th c. in transl. of Lanfranc).]
a. trans. To operate upon with a trepan; to saw through with a trepan, as a bone of the skull. Also absol.
c1400[see trepan n.1 1]. Ibid. 133 Þanne I stoppe þe sijk mannes eeris, þat he mowe not heere þe soun of þe yren þat trepaniþ. 1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 10 b/1 We trepane or open the sculle. 1666–7Pepys Diary 28 Jan., Prince Rupert is..so bad, that he do now yield to be trepanned. 1751Affect. Narr. of Wager 145 The poor Surgeon..could..trapan a broken Scull. 1846[see trepan n.1 1]. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 240 If the skull be trepanned during the condition of acute cerebral compression, the pulsation may be visibly increased.
b. In brush-making: see trepanning, quot. 1877, trepanned, quot. 1891.
c. Engin. To cut an annular groove or hole in (something) by means of a crown saw or other tool; to make (a hole) thus, the core being removed as a solid piece.
1909in Cent. Dict. Suppl. 1919A. G. Robson Engin. Machine Tools & Processes ix. 195 With the cutters at hand it was impossible to get a feed greater than 1/200 inch per revolution when trepanning steel from the solid without breaking the cutter. 1953G. S. Schaller Engin. Manufacturing Methods xiii. 221 The solid forging is trepanned instead of being bored in the conventional manner. 1970I. Bradley Myford ML10 Lathe Man. xi. 64 The smaller holes are best bored, but large holes can be trepanned in order to save a useful piece of material.
Hence trepanned |-ˈpænd| ppl. a.1, treˈpanning vbl. n.1 and ppl. a.1: trepanning-elevator, see quot. 1877, and cf. elevator 2.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 127 Þis manere trepanynge suffiseþ to þee. 1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 14 b/2 The edges of the trepannede perforatione beinge verye sharpe. 1759Adam Smith Mor. Sent. i. ii. iii. 72 A trophy..of saws for cutting the bones, of trepanning instruments..would be absurd. 1877Knight Dict. Mech., Trepanning. (Brush-making.) The tufts or bristles are drawn into the holes in the stock by means of wire inserted through holes in the edge, which are then plugged. Ibid., Trepanning-elevator, a lever for raising the portion of bone detached by the trephine. 1880M. P. Bale Woodworking Machinery xvii. 168 A Mr. Murdock, in 1810, took out a patent for an improved machine for forming wooden or stone pipes. For boring wood he employed a hollow cylinder, fitted at its extremity with a circular trepanning saw. 1891Cent. Dict., Trepanned brush, a drawn brush having the holes for the bristles drilled partially through the stock to meet lateral holes drilled from the edge or end. The tufts of bristles are drawn into these holes by strong silk or thread passing through the laterals. 1949W. S. Churchill 2nd World War II. ii. xviii. 319 Trepanning consisted of making a hole in the bomb casing in order to deal with the explosive contents. 1974Sci. Amer. Jan. 36/2 In trepanning a hollow cathode shaped according to the specified pattern lifts parts of complex shape and uniform thickness from a metal slab.
▪ IV. trepan, trapan, v.2 Obs. or arch.|trəˈpæn|
Also 7 trappan, trepane.
[f. trepan, trapan n.2, q.v.]
trans. To catch in a trap; to entrap, ensnare, beguile.
1656Blount Glossogr., To Trepan, or rather trappan (from the Ital. Trappare or trappolare, i. to entrap, ensnare, or catch in a gin) in the modern acception of the word, it signifies to cheat or entrap [etc.]. 1658Sir H. Slingsby Diary (1836) 431, I see that I am trepan'd by these two fellows. 1664Butler Hud. ii. iii. 617 Some by the Nose with fumes trappan 'em, As Dunstan did the Devil's Grandamm [= Grannam]. 1745De Foe's Eng. Tradesman (1841) II. xxxvi. 87 To lie upon the catch to trepan his neighbour. 1827Scott Surg. Dau. vi, That he should have trepanned the friend who had reposed his whole confidence in him. 1894Crockett Raiders 38 Fellows who would..trepan a lass from the Cumberland shore, or slit the throat of a Dumfries burgher.
b. To lure, inveigle (into or to a place, course of action, etc., to do something, etc.).
a1661Fuller Worthies (1662) ii. 2 Some Setters trapanned him..to hear Masse. 1678Dryden Limberham i. i, Hast thou trepan'd me into a Tabernacle of the Godly? 1700S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 227 These Men trapan that sort of People to go a Voyage that commonly proves their Destruction. a1715Burnet Own Time (1766) II. 18 To make use of him to trepan a man to his ruin. 1829Scott Rob Roy Introd., James Mohr Drummond was secretly applied to to trepan Stewart to the sea-coast, and bring him over to Britain. 1838–9Hallam Hist. Lit. III. iii. vii. §7. 353 Pallavicino having been trepanned into the power of the Pope, lost his head at Avignon.
c. To do (any one) out of (a thing) by craft or guile; to cheat or beguile out of; to swindle.
1662J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. 163 Ten of those Rogues had trapann'd him out of 500. Crowns. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 12 The Spanish Captain..greatly enraged..at being..trepanned out of his ship. 1832Austin Jurispr. (1879) II. xxxvi. 629 Trepanned out of their interests by that ridiculous juggling.
Hence trepanned |-ˈpænd| ppl. a.2; treˈpanning vbl. n.2 and ppl. a.2; whence treˈpanningly adv., by cheating or strategy (Bailey, 1731).
1670Walton Lives, Hooker 222 A slander which this Age calls Trepanning. 1682in Lond. Gaz. No. 1714/5 That..Insinuating and Trapaning Association. 1701Grew Cosm. Sacra 189 Some may think of Jael, that..she was no better than a Trapanning Hussy. 1702C. Mather Magn. Chr. iii. ii. v. (1852) 384 Pursevants employed for the trepanning and entrapping of them. 1824Galt Rothelan I. ii. xii. 259 The fate of the trapanned page. 1826W. E. Andrews Exam. Fox's Cal. Protestant Saints 94 Trepanning questions about the power of the pope and the queen in spirituals were put to him. |