| 释义 |
▪ I. trephine, n.|trɪˈfaɪn, -ˈfiːn|
Forms: 7 trafine, trafin, trefine, traphine, 8– trephine.
[Orig. trafine, according to the inventor f. L. trēs fīnēs three ends (see quot. 1628), app. formed with reference to trapan, trepan n.1 (to which the later form trephine shows a nearer approach). F. tréphine is from Eng.]
1. a. An improved form of trepan, with a transverse handle, and a removable or adjustable sharp steel centre-pin which is fixed upon the bone to steady the movement in operating.
1628Woodall Viaticum Wks. (1639) 313 The Trafine..an Instrument of my owne composing,..although it may be said to be a derivative or Epitomy of or from the Trapan..I thought fit to put the name of a Trafine upon it (a tribus finibus) from the three ends thereof. 1656Ridgley Pract. Physic 172 Raise it with a Trepan, or a Trefine. 1767Gooch Treat. Wounds I. 304 That kind of trepan, called the trephine, is now in general use,..it is more commodious than the other. 1855H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1873) I. i. iv. 70 When by means of a trephine, the depressed portion of bone is cut out, the brain..at once resumes its duties.
transf.1854Badham Halieut. 441 The patient may plunge and writhe, but the operation of trephine goes on, and soon..does the lamprey push his tongue through the bony plates of the skull, and draw it back, with a sample of brains adhering.
b. attrib., as trephine hole, trephine opening, trephine saw (cf. trepan n.1 4).
1877Knight Dict. Mech., Trephine-saw, a crown-saw; a cylindrical saw with a serrated end, to make a circular kerf by the rotation of the saw. 1878T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 220 The trephine opening was filled in by a tough membrane. 1891W. H. White in Jrnl. Physiol. XII. 247 The same sized trephine hole was made in the skull.
2. = trephination s.v. trephine v.
1958F. G. Slaughter Daybreak i. ii. 13 A patient should be more than a chart number..even to a neuro⁓surgeon performing a preliminary trephine. 1976Lancet 9 Oct. 769/2 Bone-marrow aspirate and trephine confirmed acute myeloid leukæmia.
▪ II. treˈphine, v.
(see prec.)
[f. prec.]
trans. To operate upon with a trephine. Also absol.
1804Abernethy Surg. Obs. 174 Which opinions would induce us to trephine in cases of slight depression [of bone in fractured skull]. 1860O. W. Holmes Elsie V. xxvi, He was trephined at Greenwich Hospital. 1892‘G. Travers’ Mona Maclean (1893) III. 102 A fractured skull came in..and I waited to see them trephine. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 293 The sinus is then exposed by trephining the mastoid.
Hence trephined |-ˈfaɪnd, -ˈfiːnd| ppl. a., treˈphining vbl. n. (also attrib.); also trephiˈnation, the operation of trephining.
1862Catal. Internat. Exhib., Brit. II. No. 3552 Trephining Instruments. 1874Roosa Dis. Ear 425 Many cases of trephination of the mastoid. 1886Athenæum 24 Apr. 557/2 A skull..which exhibits a remarkable instance of post-mortem trephining. 1891Ibid. 19 Sept. 390/3 Amulets from portions of the trephined skulls. |