| 释义 |
▪ I. fretting, vbl. n.1|ˈfrɛtɪŋ|
[f. fret v.1 + -ing1.]
The action of fret v.1 in various senses.
1. a. A slow gnawing or eating away; erosion, corrosion; also, the process of decaying or wasting.
1382Wyclif 1 Kings viii. 37 If that hungre were growen vp on the erthe, or..fretynge or locust. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvi. xlv. (1495) 568 Rust is..done awaye..by..fretyng of a sawe or a fyle. c1440Gesta Rom. lxiv. 278 (Add. MS.) And the thirde day after she died, as by fretyng of the addres. 1545R. Ascham Toxoph. (Arb.) 108 Buckles and agglettes at vnwares, shall race hys bowe, a thinge..perilous for freatynge. 1599Hakluyt Voy. II. 161 No Wooll is lesse subiect to Mothes, or to fretting in presse, then this. 1793G. White Selborne v. (1853) 22 These roads are by..the fretting of water worn down through the first stratum of our freestone. 1878Masque Poets 106 The fretting of worms on withered wood.
†b. A gnawing or pain (in the bowels). Obs.
c1440Promp. Parv. 73/1 Chervynge, or fretynge in þe wombe, torcio. 1533Elyot Cast. Helthe 24 [Fennel seed] mytigateth freattynges of the stomake and guttes. 1578Lyte Dodoens v. lxxviii. 646 Gripings and frettings of the belly.
c. Damage suffered by two metal surfaces when clamped or otherwise held together, owing to slight relative motion to and fro; fretting corrosion, fretting accompanied by a chemical change of the surfaces.
1939G. A. Tomlinson et al. in Proc. Inst. Mech. Engineers CXLI. 235/2 It appears desirable to denote the present action by the term ‘fretting corrosion’. Ibid. 223/1 Although..chemical action accompanies fretting corrosion, the process nevertheless is almost certainly not one of corrosion as ordinarily understood. 1948H. H. Uhlig Corrosion Handbk. iii. 590 Increasing trouble from fretting corrosion can be expected as machine parts are operated at higher stresses. 1960New Scientist 22 Sept. 776/3 This variety is termed fretting corrosion, and is differentiated from simple fretting by the fact that the abraded particles undergo chemical change, generally as a result of oxidation.
2. Of fermented liquors: The process of undergoing a second and inactive fermentation.
a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Parell..poured into a Vessel of Wine to Cure it's Fretting. 1745Needham Microsc. Disc. vii. 76 The fretting of Wine in the Spring Time..may be owing to a Fermentation. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 171 Singing must be carefully distinguished from fretting. The former is the result of active, the latter of inactive, fermentation.
3. The action of irritating or chafing.
1546T. Phaer Bk. Childr. (1553) T v b, Some haue an ytch and a fretting of the skynne as yf it hadde bene rubbed with nettels. 1638Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. II) 194 The onely Medicine that..cleanseth without fretting.
4. Vexation, worrying: an instance of this.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 115 Turment not thy selfe (my hert) with affliccyon & frettynge for that thynge that thou can not haue. 1583Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 46 With choloricque fretting I dumpt. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 83 They fall into passions, frettings, sweating, pulling off their hats, and trembling fearfully. a1716Bp. O. Blackall Wks. (1723) I. 46 By their continual Peevishness and Frettings, they become ten times more uneasy. 1860Emerson Cond. Life, Fate Wks. (Bohn) II. 325 In age, we put out another sort of perspiration,—gout, fever, rheumatism..fretting, avarice.
▪ II. fretting, vbl. n.2|ˈfrɛtɪŋ|
[f. fret v.2 + -ing1.]
The action of covering (a ceiling, etc.) with frets or fretwork, the ornamentation so produced. Also transf.
1614Sir R. Boyle Diary (1886) I. 49, I agree to paie the plaisterers for fretting of my gallery at Yoghall 40 marks. 1624Wotton Archit. (1672) 63 Of this plastick Art, the chief use with us is in the graceful fretting of Roofs. 1801Southey Thalaba iv. x, The lovely Moon, O'er whose broad orb the boughs A mazy fretting framed. 1858G. Macdonald Phantastes xiv. 185 The arches intersected intricately, forming a fretting of black upon the white. 1880Watson in Jrnl. Linn. Soc. XV. No. 84. 227 The peculiar microscopic spiral fretting of the genus.
▪ III. † ˈfretting, vbl. n.3 Obs.
[f. fret v.4 + -ing2.]
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 179 If þou wolt kepe þe eendis of þe heeris fro fretynge. 1552Huloet s.v. Bolster, Bolsters whyche bearers of burdens, as porters, etc. do weare for freatynge, thomices. 1578Banister Hist. Man i. 13 [A] Gristle..maketh the motion..more easie, and swift, without metyng and frettyng of the Bones. 1600Hakluyt Voy. (1810) III. 128 They kindle their fire with..fretting one sticke against another. 1657Austen Fruit Trees i. 65 Trees planted a good distance one from another are freed from frettings and gallings.
▪ IV. fretting, ppl. a.|ˈfrɛtɪŋ|
[f. fret v.1 + -ing2.]
That frets, in senses of the vb.
1. Gnawing, corroding, consuming, wasting.
a. in material sense. Obs. or arch.
1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xxi. 158 Of alle fretynge venymes þe vilest is þe scorpion. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 203 Eruginosa is lijk þe rust of copur. & þis maner of colre is miche freting & scharp. 1570G. Ellis Lament. Lost Sheep lxxvii, Thou drankest freting vineger with gall, To make their bitter waters hunny-sweet. 1578Lyte Dodoens iii. lvi. 223 Cast into fretting and devouring ulcers..it stayeth the same. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. iv. iii. 151 Command these fretting waters from your eies. 1665–6Phil. Trans. I. 257 Some other thing that will not be injured by the fretting Brine. 1676D'Urfey Mad. Fickle iv. i, Dor. Now has he a fretting Feaver on him. 1685Boyle Salub. Air 65 The Liquor..by its fretting quality corrodes and dissolves Gold. 1769J. Brown Dict. Bible s.v., A fretting leprosy is one which by prickling and rankling wastes the flesh. 1813T. Busby Lucretius i. 361 To watery drops the hardest marbles yield, And lessening ploughshares own the fretting field. 1873Farrar Silence & V. iii. (1875) 61 All these gifts combined saved her not from being eaten away by that fretting leprosy of her favourite sins.
b. in immaterial sense.
1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iii. iii. 51 Ye ben lene Caitifs withouten flesshe and that is of youre owne fretyng hertes. c1450Lydg. & Burgh Secrees 1573 The sharp Corosye of fretyng detraccioun. Ibid. 1971 And delyuer in the heed, ffrom fretyng malencolye. c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. lxxviii. iii, These memories, in memory enrold, By fretting time may never thence be worn. 1652R. Boreman Countr. Catech. x. 28 Sinne, which is of that fretting nature, that wasting power [etc.]. 1682O. N. Boileau's Lutrin iv. 332 Exiling fretting Care, that kills a Cat! 1751Jortin Serm. (1771) I. iv. 75 By industry we shut out..many fretting desires. 1878Morley Vauvenargues 7 If poverty means pinching and fretting need of money.
c. intr. for refl. Decaying.
1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 46 Curiosity his steps hath led To gaze on some old arch or fretting wall.
2. Chafing, fretful. Of a horse: Impatient. Also transf.
1587Turberv. Trag. T. (1837) 43 Full sore she feard her flanks, and thought shee sawe Her friende pursue her on his fretting steed. 1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. iv. ix. §2 When wee are in a fretting moode at the Church of Rome. 1864Sir F. Palgrave Norm. & Eng. IV. 179 Familiar and friendly conversation with the angry fretting king. 1883Pall Mall G. 30 Nov. 4/2 Slow barges..move on more speedily behind a fretting tug.
3. a. Agitated, frothing. Of wine or beer: That is undergoing a second fermentation.
1567Turberv. Epit. & Sonn. (1837) 342 No force of fretting fome. 1733Cheyne Eng. Malady iii. iv. (1734) 300 Just as a Bottle of..fretting Wine, when the Cork is pull'd out, will fly up, fume, and rage. a1764J. Clubbe Physiognomy 38 Anger is a kind of yeast in lumpish constitutions, that ferments, and gives a frothy, fretting volatility to the sluggish matter. 1940H. L. Hind Brewing II. xxxv. 870 Some of the smaller types of wild yeast are..very resistant to fining, which entirely fails to remove them from a fretting beer.
b. Of the wind: Blowing in frets or gusts.
1628Digby Voy. Medit. (1868) 51 It was a maine storme, and a furious fretting wind, and in gustes there came most violent flawes.
Hence ˈfrettingly adv., in a fretting manner.
1649Drummond of Hawthornden Hist. Jas. V Wks. (1711) 107 In musical instruments, if a string jar and be out of tune, we do not frettingly break it, but leisurely veer it about to a concord. 1866Mrs. M. J. Preston Beechenbrook, Like a mettled young war-horse that..frettingly champs at the bit. |