| 释义 |
aggressive, a.|əˈgrɛsɪv|
[f. L. aggress- ppl. stem of aggred-i (see aggress v.) + -ive. Cf. mod.Fr. agressif, -ive.]
1. Of or pertaining to aggression; of attack; offensive.
[Not in Todd 1818, Richardson 1836–55. In Craig 1847.]1824Syd. Smith Wks. 1869, 468 Jealous of the aggressive pleasantry of more favoured people. 1837Palmerston Opin. & Pol. (1852) 362 The only Country in which financial difficulties constitute an obstacle to aggressive warfare. 1876Freeman Norm. Conq. I. ii. 36 An aggressive war, as distinguished from mere plundering inroads.
absol., quasi-n. The aggressive (sc. course).
1845Ford Handbk. Spain I. ii. 311 Soult..at once assumed the aggressive.
2. a. Tending or disposed to attack others.
1840Milman Hist. Chr. (1875) II. 208 To follow any rigorous impulse from a determined and incessantly aggressive few. 1868Peard Water-farming xvi. 163 Pike, and perch, the most quarrelsome, and aggressive fish. 1869Seeley Ess. & Lect. ii. 43 It included warlike and aggressive nations.
b. Psychol. Of, pertaining to, or characterized by, aggression (sense 3 above).
1913A. A. Brill tr. Freud's Interpr. of Dreams iv. 134 In the sexual make-up of many people there is a masochistic component, which has arisen through the conversion of the aggressive, sadistic component into its opposite. 1917Glueck & Lind tr. Adler's Neurotic Constitution (1921) v. 157 Forms of the aggressive impulse become accentuated through the feeling of inferiority. 1949Koestler Insight & Outlook v. 56 A component..of aggressive-defensive self-assertion, has been recognized in laughter. 1950B. Wootton Test. Soc. Sci. ii. 8 Aggressive behaviour means physical actions like letting off bombs, or, on a milder scale, giving vent to cross words or looks.
c. Self-assertive, pushful; energetic, enterprising. Chiefly U.S. and Canadian colloq.
1930Vancouver newspaper (Advt.), Aggressive clothing salesman with ambition, to manage a large..store. Good salary..for the right man. 1956Winnipeg Free Press 19 Jan. 34/1 We require 2 salesmen!.. Only aggressive men need apply. 1959H. E. Salisbury Shook-up Generation xi. 154 ‘Aggressive group work’..means that instead of sitting in offices..the Youth Board goes out on to the street, finds the youngsters who are in trouble..and begins to work with them right in the neighbourhood. 1966Which? Aug. 268/1 Co-operative Societies are giving private industry an example of aggressive retailing.
3. Of a substance: that attacks another substance; corrosive.
1957G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. x. 665 If the pressure of CO2 in the atmosphere is now raised, more CO2 will enter the liquid phase and will start attacking any solid CaCO3 still present. Such CO2 is therefore said to be aggressive. 1978Environmental Conservation: Chemicals (Shell Internat. Petroleum Co.) 6 Where especially aggressive materials are involved it is common practice for the pipes to be protected internally. 1980Nature 1 May p. xxii/3 The Zippette can be used with acids and other aggressive liquids, as well as with organic solvents.
Sense 3 in Dict. becomes 4. Add: 3. Agric. and Med. Designating or pertaining to diseases and pathogens which spread vigorously within an organism.
1937A. R. Wilson in Ann. Appl. Biol. XXIV. 269 It became increasingly evident that infection [B. cinerea] was of two types, ‘aggressive’ and ‘non-aggressive’. The former causes blackening and death of part or the whole of the shoot system... The latter merely causes the death of localized areas of tissue. 1953F. T. Brooks Plant Dis. (ed. 2) x. 150 From January to April..the fungus may resume activity in suitable weather and again become aggressive. 1961R. D. Baker Essent. Path. xiii. 304 Gliomas may be exemplified by glioblastoma multiforme, the most aggressive variety. 1977Ann. Internal Med. LXXXVI. 33/1 None of the subjects in the current investigation had evidence of distant metastases or aggressive invasion in the neck. 1991Garden Mar. p. xx (Advt.), These trees..have proved resistant to both aggressive and non-aggressive strains of the disease.
▸ aggressive beggar n. orig. U.S. a person who engages in aggressive begging.
In early use prob. not as a fixed collocation.
1912Fort Wayne (Indiana) Jrnl.-Gaz. 15 Aug. 10/7 Police are kept busy watching for *aggressive beggars and pickpockets. 1985Los Angeles Times 31 July i. 9/1 So many homeless street people clutter downtown sidewalks..that the city is considering a law to punish aggressive beggars. 2006Gloucester Citizen (Nexis) 23 Aug. 7 Gloucestershire police launched a crackdown on aggressive beggars in the city centre,..enforcing a zero-tolerance policy.
▸ aggressive begging n. orig. U.S. the (illegal) action of begging for money in a manner considered to be unduly threatening or intimidating, esp. as defined by a local by-law.
In early use prob. not as a fixed collocation.
1976Anthropol. Q. 49 234 Behavior such as *aggressive begging..may be viewed..as threatening and thus evoke realistic hostility. 1987N.Y. Times 27 Oct. a18/1 ‘Aggressive’ begging is defined in the law as ‘with intent to intimidate’. 2006Maclean's (Nexis) 16 Jan. 12 By cracking down on petty ‘lifestyle’ crimes—prostitution, drug use, aggressive begging—a city makes itself less susceptible to more serious crime.
▸ aggressive panhandler n. U.S. = aggressive beggar n. at Additions
In early use prob. not as a fixed collocation.
1961Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 2 June ii. 13/1 The city was peopled extensively by *aggressive panhandlers and equally aggressive homosexuals. 1971N.Y. Times 3 Oct. 8/1 Most recently, there has appeared a special category of aggressive panhandler, whose pitch often seems a threat. 1998San Francisco Chron. (Electronic ed.) 16 Dec. b1 Bay Area merchants..have to deal with homeless in their doorways, aggressive panhandlers,..litter and shoplifting.
▸ aggressive panhandling n. U.S. = aggressive begging n. at Additions
In early use prob. not as a fixed collocation.
1981N.Y. Times 15 Feb. 10/6 It was impossible to board a rush-hour train without being subjected to second-rate country and western music followed by *aggressive panhandling. 1981Los Angeles Times 29 Nov. ix. 6 Our concerns were..aggressive panhandling and the drunks on every corner. 2002U.S. News & World Rep. 14 Jan. 47/1 ‘We were too busy’ to do anything about street prostitution, aggressive panhandling, graffiti, and low-level drug dealing. |