| 释义 |
fulfil, v.|fʊlˈfɪl|
Pa. tense and pa. pple. fulfilled |fʊlˈfɪld|. Forms: 1–7 (see full a. and fill v.), 8–9 fullfill, 3–9 fulfill, 4– fulfil.
[OE. fullfyllan, f. full a. + fyllan to fill. Cf. to fill full: see fill v. 1.]
1. trans. To fill to the full, fill up, make full. Const. of, with. Now only arch.
a. in material sense.
c1000ælfric Gram. xxvi. (Z.) 153 Compleo, ic fullfylle. c1250Old Kent. Serm. in O.E. Misc. (1872) 29 Þo serganz uuluelden þo faten of watere. c1350Will. Palerne 4319 Al þat huge halle was hastili fulfulled. 1382Wyclif Gen. i. 28 Growe ȝe and be ȝe multiplied and fulfille ȝe the erthe. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 102 Aftirward I fulfillide þe wounde with hoot oile of rosis. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 79 b/2 All the londe therof shal be fulfyllid with deserte. a1500Chester Pl. (E.E.T.S.) ii. 68 All Beastes I byd yow multeply..the earth to fulfill. 1548–77Vicary Anat. ii. (1888) 22 Simple and pure fleshe, which fulfylleth the concauities of voyde places. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 676 The world has received animals..and is fulfilled with them.
b. in immaterial applications.
a1300Cursor M. 852 (Gött.) God..fulfild þis world al wid his grace. 1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) v. xiv. (1859) 80 The Apostles were fulfylled with the holy ghoost. 1480Robt. Devyll 5 Hys hearte was fullfylled all with thought. 1529More Comf. agst. Trib. i. Wks. 1151/2 Theyr owne conscience..may fulfil their heartes wyth spiritual ioy. 1563Homilies ii. Rogation Week i. (1859) 475 He..fulfilleth both heaven and earth with his presence. 1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus ii. 12 Be not drunke with wine, but be fulfilled with the spirit. 1825Scott Talism. xxiv, I have never known knight more fulfilled of nobleness. 1830Tennyson Poems 35 Her subtil, warm, and golden breath Which mixing with the infant's blood Fullfills him with beatitude. 1864Swinburne Atalanta 2120 Filling thine eyes And fulfilling thine ears With the brilliance of battle. 1870Morris Earthly Par. I. i. 313 When he was fulfilled of this delight.
†c. To spread through the whole extent of; to pervade. Obs.
1382Wyclif Jer. xxiii. 24 Whether not heuene and erthe Y fulfille? seith the Lord. 1535Coverdale Dan. ii. 35 The stone..became a greate mountayne which fulfylleth the whole earth. 1581Marbeck Bk. of Notes 436 The glorie of the Lord fulfilling the house.
†2. To furnish or supply to the full with what is wished for; to fill as with food; to satisfy the appetite or desire of. Obs.
a1300E.E. Psalter ciii[i]. 16 Be fulefilled sal trees ofe felde ilkan. c1340Cursor M. 6842 (Fairf.) Þe seyuende ȝere lete hit ly stille Þe pouer men hunger for to fulfille. 1382Wyclif Matt. xv. 33 Therfore wherof so many loouys to vs in desert, that we fulfille so grete a cumpanye of peple? 1430–40Lydg. Bochas iii. i. (1554) 70 b, Thyne empty wombe eche day to fulfill, If thou mightest haue vittayle at thy will. c1450tr. De Imitatione i. i. 3 Þe eye is not fulfilled wiþ þe siȝt nor þe ere wiþ heringe. c1500Lancelot 941 Your plesance may ye wel fulfill Of me. 1592Timme Ten Eng. Lepers F ij, Not to sustaine nature..but to fulfill insaciable gurmandize. 1601Holland Pliny I. 114 To fulfill his greedy and endlesse appetite.
3. a. To fill up or make complete; to supply what is lacking in; † formerly sometimes with forth. Also, to fill up or supply the place of (something); to compensate for (a defect). Obs. exc. arch.
a1175Cott. Hom. 219 Al swa fele þe me mihte þat tioðe hape fulfellen. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 305/214 Þare-fore man is i-wrouȝt, To fulfulle þe teoþe ordre þat was out of heouene i-brouȝt. c1380Wyclif Last Age Chirche p. xxvii, Cristen men hauen xxi lettris..and ȝeuynge to eche c. þe newe Testament was endid whanne þe noumbre of þes assingned lettris was fulfilled. 1382― Phil. ii. 2 Fulfille ȝe my joye. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 29 Þo .ij. defautis þe medlynge of þe ligament fulfilliþ. c1440Promp. Parv. 182 Fulfyllyn or make a-cethe in thynge þat wantythe, supleo. 1473in Ld. Treas. Acc. Scotl. (1877) I. 30 Item iij quarteris of blak to fulfill furth the lynyng of the Queynis goone. 1533Bellenden Livy ii. (1822) 107 The new Faderis chosin..to fulfill the auld nowmer of Faderis afore minist. 1556Robinson tr. More's Utop. (ed. 2) ii. (Arb.) 90 Then they fulfyll and make vp the numbre with cytezens. 1850Mrs. Browning Poems I. 9 Glory and life Fulfil their own depletions.
†b. absol. or intr. To supply what is wanted.
1390Gower Conf. III. 138 Where lacketh good the word fulfilleth To make amendes for the wronge.
†4. To fill, hold, or occupy (a position that has been vacant); to take (the place of something). Obs.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 33 Man sholde fuluullen englene sete. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 221 Þat it miȝte fulfille þe place of þe þrote. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 289 Whiche gete turfes..to fullefille the stede of woode. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 168 His wretched Carcas shall the voyde graue fulfill. 1548–77Vicary Anat. ii. (1888) 18 Some [bones] to fulfyll the hollowe places, as in the handes and feete.
5. To carry out or bring to consummation (a prophecy, promise, etc.); to satisfy (a desire, prayer). refl. Of a person: to work out one's destiny; to develp one's gifts and character to the full. (A development of Tennyson's use:)
In origin a Hebraism: a literal transl. of the Vulgate adimplere, implere, Hellenistic Greek πληροῦν, used in an unclassical sense after Heb. ml', literally ‘to fill’.
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 104/119 Ȝuit it scholde bi-foren eov alle bi folfuld bi me her. a1300Cursor M. 26254 His flexs lust to ful-fill. c1320Cast. Love 1201 The profecye of Symeon Wes fulfylled thon. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 694 Cleopatra, Thilke comenant..I wele fulfille. 1400G. ap David in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. I. 6 Other thinges he behiȝt me the qwich he fulfullyt not. 1514Barclay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 9 Fulfill thy promise, I praye the now begynne. a1633Austin Medit. (1635) 43 His purpose was onely to get money: but God's purpose was (thereby) to bring Mary to Bethlehem. Hee, to fill full his Coffers, God, to fulfill the Prophecies. 1769J. Brown Dict. Bible (1818) s.v., To fulfil requests and desires is to grant the things desired. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. iv. i. (1872) 101 The universal prayer therefore is to be fulfilled. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xvi. 112, I fulfilled to the letter my engagement..to ask no help. 1864Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. ix. (1875) 145 Full of bright promise never fulfilled. 1883H. Spencer in Contemp. Rev. XLIII. 15 Nature leads men by purely personal motives to fulfil her ends.
refl.1842Tennyson Gardener's Dau. 233 My desire..By its own energy fulfill'd itself. 1847― Princ. vii. 121 If you be, what I think you, some sweet dream, I would but ask you to fulfil yourself. 1920R. Macaulay Potterism iii. i. §8. 117 In what place, under what conditions, would Oliver Hobart now fulfil himself, now carry on the work so faithfully begun on earth? Ibid. vi. v. §8. 259 Jane would, no doubt, fulfil herself in the course of time, make an adequate figure in the world she loved. 1971Times 16 Oct. 8/7 The belief that a degree is evidence of ‘ability’ and that without one you..have not ‘fulfilled’ yourself.
6. a. To carry out, perform, execute, do (something enjoined); to obey or follow (a command, the law, etc.).
c1250Gen. & Ex. 1222 To fulfillen godes reed. a1300Cursor M. 9736 Þi will i sal euermar full-fill. 1390Gower Conf. III. 264 That thing may he nought fulfille. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop ii. xvi, My mayster..whiche constrayneth me to fulfylle his wylle. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 2 So to study this present treatyse, that they may fulfyll it in theyr lyuyng. 1645Milton Colast. Wks. (1851) 353 Let not therfore under the name of fulfilling Charity, such an unmercifull..yoke, bee padlockt upon the neck of any Christian. 1667― P.L. xii. 402 The Law of God exact he shall fulfil. 1777Blair Serm. I. iv. 111 Let us carry on our preparation for heaven.. by fulfilling the duties and offices of every station in life. 1781Cowper Expost. 644 To praise him is to serve him, and fulfil..his unquestioned will. 1835J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (1837) I. v. 76 In what sense do we fulfil the words of Christ? 1871R. Ellis Catullus lxiv. 310 Still each hand fulfilled its pious labour eternal.
†b. To perform, execute, accomplish (a deed).
a1225Ancr. R. 288 Ȝif þer were eise uorto fulfullen þe dede. c1400Mandeville (1839) v. 53 Thei fulfillen first the more longe Pilgrymage, and after retournen aȝen be the nexte Weyes. 1582A. Munday Discov. E. Campion in Arb. Garner VIII. 205 The deaths of these noble personages should be presently fulfilled. 1593Shakes. Lucr. 1635 Where you did fulfil The loathsome act of lust.
c. To fill the requirements of, answer (a purpose), comply with (conditions).
1784Cowper Tiroc. 93 If all..Fulfill the purpose, and appear design'd Proofs of the wisdom of th' all-seeing Mind. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §304 Every stone fulfils its place inside and out. 1834Lytton Pompeii i. ii, The numerous haunts which fulfilled with that idle people the office of cafés and clubs at this day. 1840Lardner Geom. 112 If in two triangles, either of the conditions of similarity be fulfilled, the other condition must also be fulfilled. 1860Mill Repr. Govt. (1865) 1/1 To inquire what form of government is best fitted to fulfil those purposes. 1862H. Spencer First Princ. ii. iv. §53 (1875) 174 Before a truth can be known as necessary, two conditions must be fulfilled. 1870M. D. Conway Earthw. Pilgr. xxvii. 320 A street speaker and his audience fulfilling the condition of moving on. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 200 The Cretan laws..fulfil the object of laws, which is to make those who use them happy.
7. To bring to an end, finish, complete (a period, portion of time, a work, etc.).
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 5/145 Ȝwane þe time were folfuld. 1340Ayenb. 262 Þis boc is uolueld ine þe eue of þe holy apostles Symon an Iudas. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 168 Þere is fulfillid þe firste digestioun of þe guttis. c1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. (E.E.T.S.) 71 Turne þe vpon þy left syde, and fulfylle þy sleepe vpon þat syde. 1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) v. i. (1859) 72 A thynge that is infynyte maye not be fulfilled. 1526–34Tindale Acts xiii. 25 When John had fulfylled his course, he sayde, whome ye thinke that I am the same am I not. 1535Coverdale 2 Sam. vii. 12 Whan thy tyme is fulfylled yt thou shalt slepe with thy fathers. 1784Cowper Task vi. 786 Six thousand years of sorrow have well-nigh Fulfilled their tardy and disastrous course Over a sinful world. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles ii. xxix, Whose ill-timed speed Fulfill'd my soon-repented deed.
Hence fulˈfilled ppl. a.
1649Milton Eikon. xxvii. Wks. (1847) 329/1 All our past and fulfill'd miseries. |