| 释义 |
▪ I. † ˈfurther, n. Obs.
[f. further v.]
The action of the vb. further; = furtherance.
1526Q. Margt. (Scotl.) Let. Wolsey (MS. Caligula B. viii. 160) in M. A. Everett Wood Lett. R. & Illustr. Ladies II. 9 The said bearer, whom pleaseth you, my Lord, cause have good further and expedition of his errands. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 522 Commending him that he had done sic thing, In so greit forder of the commoun weill. 1641Hinde J. Bruen xxviii. 87 For the increase of Religion and further of the Gospel. 1785Burns 3rd Ep. to J. Lapraik 1 Guid speed and furder to you, Johnny.
▪ II. further, a.|ˈfɜːðə(r)|
Forms: 1 furðra (Northumb. forðora), 2 furþur, 4–5 furþer(e, 3–7 forþer(e, -ther, Orm. forrtherr, (5 forthre), 6–7 furder, 4–7 forder, 6 forthir, 6– further. See also farther.
[OE. furðra = OFris, fordera, OS. forthoro (MLG. vordere), OHG. ford(e)ro, fordaro, fordoro (MHG. vordere, mod.G. vorder):—OTeut. *furþeron- wk., f. *furþero- str. (the acc. neut. of which appears in further adv.):—pre-Teut. pr̥-tero-, f. root of fore adv. + comparative suffix as in af-ter, o-ther.
On this assumption the Eng. further adj. and adv. have nothing but their ultimate root in common with the Goth. faurþis adv:—OTeut. *furþ-iz or *furþ-joz, f. the stem of forth + comparative suffix = -er3. A different hypothesis (Kluge in Paul's Grdr., ed. 2, I. 483) is that further and its cognates are f. the stem of forth + compar. suffix (not -izon- but) -eron-, -uron-, as in inner, outer (see -er3 A. 2). The OHG. furdir adv. is explained by Kluge as repr. a locative *furþirî.]
†1.
a. That is before another in position, order, or rank; esp. of an animal's limbs or a part of the body: Front. Obs. (Cf. farther B. 1.)
c1000Ags. Gosp. John xiii. 16 Soþlice ic eow secᵹe nys se ðeowa furðra þonne his hlaford. a1300Cursor M. 28169 He was for-þer mar þen j. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 187 A wounde receyved in þe furþer partie of his body [in anteriori parte corporis]. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 113 Brood twoward þe forþere side of þe heed & scharpere twoward þe hyndere syde. 1486Bk. St. Albans E ij b, The ij. forther legges the hede layde by twene. 1539Invent. R. Wardrobe (1815) 36 Lynit the forthir quarteris with blak taffiteis. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. 134 Gif ane horse slayes ane man passand before him, with his forther feete.
b. With reference to time: Former. Also in comb. further-ealdefader (cf. L. proavus): great grandfather. Obs.
1155Proc. Henry II, in Anglia VII. 220 Þæt hi beon ælc þare lande wurþa þe hi eafdon in Edwardes kinges deᵹe & on Willelmes kinges mines furþur ealdefader. 1557N.T. (Genev.) Jas. v. 7 The forther and the latter rayne. 1561Christ. Hindall Depos. in Bp. Chester Eccl. Crt. 1561–6, lf. 10 b, Mr. Holden did knowe of his forther wief beynge on lyve. 1562Child Marriages, etc. (1897) 192 She was temptid by daily sute of the said Dilon, & did forget her forther promesse.
2. More extended, going beyond what already exists or has been dealt with; additional, more. † further age: advanced age. † further way: a further-continued road. further education, formal education organized for adults, or for young people who have left school; also attrib. (Cf. farther B. 2.)
a1300Cursor M. 10327 Child to gett, Bituix and þair forþer eild. 1495in Yorksh. Archæol. Soc. (Record Ser. 1895) XVII. 127 Oure forthre pleasir in that behalf. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 50 b, For a forther knowledge of this tree, you must vnderstande that [etc.]. 1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. xxiii. 58 Without any further delay, the King sent them away. 1609Skene Reg. Maj., Forme of Proces 22 He..judicially renunces all forder probation. 1634W. Tirwhyt tr. Balzac's Lett. 44 Without further ambiguity. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 174 To th' ascent of that..Hill Satan had journied on..But further way found none. 1711Addison Spect. No. 65 ⁋2 Without further Preface, I am going to look into some of our most applauded Plays. 1794Paley Evid. (ed. 2) I. v. 97 We find..two of them..seized.. and threatened with further punishment. 1838De Morgan Ess. Prob. 201, I now proceed to some further instances. 1861Buckle Civiliz. II. iv. 315 This was a further stimulus to Scotch industry. [1898G. Balfour Educ. Syst. Gt. Brit. & Ireland p. xxii, No adequate system of intermediate schools exists to receive, as a matter of routine, those elementary pupils who are fitted for further education.] 1913J. H. Whitehouse Nat. Syst. Educ. ii. 6 The writer suggests..the conferring on local authorities of the power to enforce further education compulsorily for children between the ages of 14 and 18. 1937G. A. N. Lowndes Silent Social Revolution ii. 95 The growth of our modern system—or rather systems—of technical and further education drawing their strength both from the secondary and (since 1926) the Hadow senior schools. 1944Act 7 & 8 Geo. VI c. 31 §7 The statutory system of public education shall be organised in three progressive stages to be known as primary education, secondary education, and further education. 1962J. Braine Life at Top i. 11 Now he was dead and Sindram Grange had been taken over by the County as a Further Education Centre. 1970Daily Tel. 28 Aug. 2/2 The establishment and development of polytechnics as bridges between further and higher education.
3. More distant, remoter, esp. the remoter of two. Of a horse: The off (side). (Cf. farther B. 3.)
1578in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 396 One grey..mare, crapped on the further yeare. 1611Bible 2 Esdras xiii. 41 They would..goe foorth into a further countrey. 1675A. Browne Ars Pict. 90 Work your further Mountains so that they should seem to be lost in the Air. 1678Butler Hud. iii. iii. 58 With kicks and bangs he ply'd The further and the nearer side [of a horse]. 1821J. Baillie Metr. Leg., Wallace lvi, In the further rear. 1869Tennyson Coming of Arthur 396 Not ever to be question'd any more Save on the further side.
†4. absol. further of the day: a later hour.
1546Langley Pol. Verg. de Invent. ix. 113 b, Fyrst at mydnight..the seconde in the mornyng..the thyrd at further of the day.
▪ III. further, adv.|ˈfɜːðə(r)|
Forms: 1–2 furð-, furþor, 1 Northumb. forðer, -ur, -or, 2–4 furð-, furþer (furthir), 3–5 forðere, -ðre, -þer(e, -þir, -thir(e, 3–6 forther(e, (3 forer), 4–5 furþere, 4–7 furder, 5 forder, (6 fourther), 6– further. See also farther adv.
[OE. furðor = OS. furthor (early mod.Du. voorder); for the formation, and the relation to Goth. faurþis, OHG. furdir, etc.: see further a.]
1. To or at a more advanced point of progress:
a. of space; lit. and fig.; occas. with omission of go. Proverb, to go further, and fare worse. (Cf. farther A. 1 a.)
c1000ælfric Josh. x. 12 Ne gang þu mona onᵹean Achialon anne stæpe furþor. c1050O.E. Chron. an. 1039 Eode se sæster hwætes to lv penega and eac furðor. c1205Lay. 4880 He furðer lað, to Seguine duc. a1240Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 203 Nere þe heorte so cold þat ne schulde neuer sunne habben for-ðer in-ȝong þer þis brune were. a1250Prov. ælfred 128 in O.E. Misc. 110 Nere he for his weole neuer þe furþer. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace Prol. 182 Vnto þe Cadwaladres; No forer, þer makes he ses. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 440 Þarfor I wille, ar [I] forthir pas, Shew yhou what a man first was. c1340Cursor M. 10156 (Fairf.) As furthir in this boke we rede. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 221, I lete make a pipe of silvir and putte it in at her mouþ & passede forþere þan þe wounde was. 1494Fabyan Chron. (1811) I. cxxvii. 107 Forthere then y⊇ chapell dore noon of them wold enter. 1535Coverdale Job xxxviii. 11 Hither to shalt thou come, but no further. 1546J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 51 You..might haue gone further, and haue faren wurs. 1559W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 60 But or we further proced, marke this figure. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iii. ii. 169 His eye balles further out, than when he liued. 1615J. Stephens Satyr. Ess. 26 Go tell a trades-man he deceives..And he will answere..Go further on, you will be cheated worse. 1641Milton Animadv. (1851) 187 Ere a foot furder we must bee content [etc.]. 1655Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden) II. 336 Taken out of their bedds..and carryed on shipboard, and whence further is vnknowen. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. v, They kept out of sight further and further. 1771Foote Maid of B. i. Wks. 1799 II. 214 Folks may go further and fare worse, as they say. 1813Shelley Q. Mab ix. 182 Whose stingings bade thy heart look further still. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 1 It was not thought safe for the ships to proceed further in the darkness.
b. of time. (Cf. farther A. 1 b.)
c1290Beket 2321 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 173 So þat forþere in þe ȝere: it was wel onder-stonde..In ȝwat manere he was a-slawe. 1896Act 59 & 60 Vict. c. 39 §1 The acts..shall..be continued until the 31st day of December 1897 and shall then expire unless further continued.
2. To a greater extent; more. (Cf. farther A. 2.)
c1050Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) VIII. 299 Nu wille we furðor geican þurh godes mihta. a1225Juliana 47, & ȝef ich mahte [wurche his wil] forðre ich walde beo þe feinre. a1300Cursor M. 28869 (Cott.) And for þer mater es gode to knau, Of almus sal i for-þer drau. c1340Ibid. 858 (Trin.) Leue we now of þis spelle Of oure story furþere to telle. a1400–50Alexander 523 And if ȝow likis of þis lare to lesten any forthire. 1552–3Inv. Ch. Goods, Staffs. in Ann. Lichfield IV. 2 There saffeli to be kepte untill the kinges majesties pleasure be therin furder knowen. 1559Hethe in Strype Ann. Ref. I. App. vi. 7 That the doinges of this honourable assembly may..be allwayes fourther honourable. 1641Milton Ch. Govt. ii. iii. Wks. (1847) 48/2 To the intent of further healing man's deprav'd mind. 1734Berkeley Analyst §7 Men who pretend to believe no further than they can see. 1749F. Smith Voy. Disc. II. 90 All the western Merchants declined..from being further Adventurers. 1862Stanley Jew. Ch. (1877) I. xiii. 252 When we inquire further into the worship.
3. In addition, additionally; moreover. (Cf. farther A. 3.)
c1200Vices & Virtues (1888) 57 Ȝiet hie seið furðer. 1450W. Somner in Four C. Eng. Lett. 4 Forther the maister desyryd to wete yf the shipmen would holde with the duke. 1559W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 22, I do furder perceive that [etc.]. 1560–78Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. (1621) 40 And furder we think it expedient [etc.]. 1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. vii. 16 b, What further than followed. 1749F. Smith Voy. Disc. II. 58 What further keeps the Cold from the Arm-pits is, that [etc.]. 1875Manning Mission H. Ghost iv. 100 And, further, God is the only end that can..satisfy the soul with bliss. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 92/2 The sketching-case may be..further provided with a cover.
4. At a greater distance in space; sometimes with mixture of sense 1. Also † more further, further off. (Cf. farther A. 4.)
c1400Mandeville (1839) xxxi. 306 Oþer Yles þat ben more furþere beȝonde. 1578Whetstone Promos & Cass. ii. iv, The furder off I wretched finde both comfort and reliefe. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. ii. ii. 125 So neere will I be That your best Friends shall wish I had beene further. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 68 Island disjoyned no further than a ship in one day may saile unto. 1710Tatler No. 254 ⁋7 The Dutch Cabbin, which lay about a Mile further up into the Country. 1812–16J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art I. 572 It was calculated to be 18,000 times further from us than the sun. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 156 There is nothing further from his thoughts than scepticism.
b. Phrases. † to be further: to get on. † I'll be further, if (etc.); I'll see you further (first): strong forms of refusal. to wish any one further: i.e. to wish him away. See also farther A. 4.
1526Darrell Let. 1 Aug. in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. iii. II. 163, I..intende to be further and doo. 1621Lady M. Wroth Urania 16 She..wished the beast further, yet taking her wonted strength of heart..she said thus. 1741Richardson Pamela II. 320 And so that I must not wish to incur [his Displeasure] to save any body else. I'll be further if I do. Ibid. 377, I bow'd to him, but I could have wish'd him further, to make me sit so in the Notice of every one. 1873Punch 3 May 185/1 He'll see me further first.
†c. Used as the comparative of far, as in further-fetched, compar. of far-fetched.
1680Baxter Cath. Commun. (1684) 23 But God being infinitely more perfect then man, the phrase is further fetcht, and less proper of God then of man.
▪ IV. further, v.|ˈfɜːðə(r)|
Forms: α. 1 fyrðran, -ian, 2–4 furðrien, 3 Orm. firrþrenn, north. firther, 4 ferthren, -ther, furthren, 4, 6 Sc. furthir, (6 furthur), 6–8 furder, 4– further. β. 3–4 forthren, 4 forþer, -thor, 4–6 forther, -ire, 5, 8 forder. See also farther v.
[OE. fyrðr(i)an, f. furðor, -ðra further adv. and a.; equivalent forms are OHG. furdiren (MHG. vürdern, mod.G. fördern); cf. also OHG. fordarôn (MHG. vordern, mod.G. fordern) to further, call forth, demand.]
1. trans. To help forward, assist (usually things; less frequently † persons); to promote, favour (an action or movement). Cf. farther v. † Also to further forth, on.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxxix. §2 Þæt hi maᵹen henan ða yflan and fyrþrian þa godan. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 11 Ac alle þo þe leueð þat swilch þing hem muȝe furðrie oðer letten, ben cursed of godes muðe. c1200Ormin 1250 Ȝiff þu firrþresst fremmde menn. a1225Ancr. R. 156 Ðet tet swuðest auaunceð & furðreð hit, þet is onlich stude. a1300Cursor M. 27918 Sua vr flexs to firþer and fede, þat it fale in na dedli dede. a1310in Wright Lyric P. xxxvi. 99 God, that deȝedest on the rod, Al this world to forthren ant fylle. c1374Chaucer Boeth. ii. pr. iv. 41 (Camb. MS.), I haue sumwhat auaunced and forþered þe, quod she. 1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy ii. x, For me to further Clio came to late. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 18 Ire..furthereth all euyl. 1513Douglas æneis v. xiii. 112 And furthir hym eik sall I Ontil Avern, clepit the loch of hell. 1566in Keith Hist. Ch. Scotl. (1734) 331 The saids Rebels..promittit they should forder him to the Crown Matrimoniall. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. (1586) 158 You must..further their laying, by giving them meates for the purpose. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 877 Furthered with a faire gale of wind. 1664Power Exp. Philos. Pref. 20 A more wary Builder may be very much further'd by it. 1715M. Davies Athen. Brit. I. 172 Barnevelt's hard Fate was occasion'd or further'd on by Maurice. 1777–1808Mayne Siller Gun iii. xxv, Here Discord strave new broils to forder. 1816Scott Old Mort. xi, To remain together in arms for furthering the covenanted work of reformation. 1866Geo. Eliot F. Holt ix, I came to see..if you had any wishes that I could further. 1869Rogers Pref. to Adam Smith's W.N. I. 6 The necessity of furthering a general system of school training.
absol.1560–78Bible (Genev.) To Chr. Rdr. 52 Some notable worde..which may greatly further..for memorie. 1607S. Hieron Defence i. 160 Wheras the addition of 2 or 3 wordes oftentimes furthereth to the meaning.
†2. To honour. Obs. rare.
c1374Chaucer Anel. & Arc. 273 And thenken yee that ferthered be your name To love a newe. c1400Destr. Troy 11170 To forther þat fre with fynerall seruys.
3. intr. To go on, continue; to advance, make progress. Obs. exc. Sc.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 107 Eft sone sum godes giue is bigunnen alse rihte leue and furðreð alse trust. c1350Will. Palerne 5397 And touche we ferre as þis tale forþeres. 1560Rolland Crt. Venus ii. 378 Wald thow further and prosper in thy wais. 1789D. Davidson Seasons, etc. 182 Wha fastest rides does aft least forder. 1794Burns Hee Balou 10 Thro' the Lawlands, o'er the border, Weel, my babie, may thou furder.
†4. trans. To put (an event) further; to defer, postpone. Obs.
1529Wolsey Let. to [Crumwell] in St. Papers (1830) I. 351 The ferderyng and puttyng ovyr of your commyng hyther hath..increasyd my sorowe. |