| 释义 |
▪ I. gable, n.1|ˈgeɪb(ə)l|
Forms: α. Sc. and north. 4–9 gavel(l, 4–6 gavyll, 5 gavul, gawill, 4, 7 gavil(l. β. 5 gabyl, gabul, 7–8 gabel(l, 4– gable.
[c gray][The northern form gavel (still in Scotland pron. ˈgev(ə)l[/c]) is perh. directly a. ON. gafl masc., of the same meaning (Sw. gafvel, Da. gavl). The southern form gable might be a dial. variant of this (cf. nable for navel), but is more prob. a. OF. gable, jable masc., which is not found in other Rom. langs., and is prob. a. ON. gafl.
The corresponding words in the other Teut. langs. (OTeut. types *gaƀlâ, -ljâ) have the sense of ‘fork’: so OE. ᵹ(e)afol, OS. gaflia (Gallée OS. Texts 157), MDu. gaffel(e (Du. gaffel), OHG. gabala (MHG., mod.G. gabel) fem.; app. cognate are OIr. gabul, gobul, Welsh gafl, fork (of the body, of a branch); the L. gabalus, app. meaning some kind of gallows or cross, is by some supposed to be lit. ‘fork’, and to have been adopted from Teut. or Celtic. In Goth. and WGer. the sense ‘gable’ is expressed by words that appear to be related by ablaut to the word for ‘fork’; Goth. gibla wk. masc. πτερυγίον, ‘pinnacle’ of the temple, MDu. ghevel (Du. gevel), OHG. gibil (mod.G. giebel) masc. With different sense, but agreeing in root, grade, and suffix, are OHG. gebal head, gibilla crown of the head, app. cognate with Gr. κεϕαλή head (OAr. root *ghebh). Possibly the primitive meaning of the words may have been ‘top’, ‘vertex’; this may have given rise to the sense of ‘gable’, and this latter to the sense of ‘fork’, a gable being originally formed by two pieces of timber crossed at the top supporting the end of the roof-tree (see fork n. 7).]
1. a. The vertical triangular piece of wall at the end of a ridged roof, from the level of the eaves to the summit.
α1374in Hist. Dunelm. Scrip. tres App. p. cxli, Unum gavel capellæ super portam. 1379Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 101 Emendand. in le Westgavell, 15s. 3d. c1425Wyntoun Cron. vii. x. 275 That west gawill alsua In till hys tyme all gert he ma. 1531–2Durham Househ. Bk. (Surtees) 176 Ac in fine aulæ super le gavylls. 1680A. Haig in J. Russell Haigs xi. (1881) 309 Putting upe in the waster gavills, to the heads, 3 chimlies. 1703T. N. City & C. Purchaser 148 Gavel, a word used by some, by which they mean the same as Gable. 1753Scots Mag. Apr. 164/1 The gavel of..Reid's land..to be taken down and rebuilt. 1894Crockett Lilac Sunbonnet 77 Sitting by the gable end (the ‘gavel’ as it was locally expressed).
βc1386Chaucer Miller's T. 385 And whan thou..hast..broke an hole on heigh upon the gable Unto the gardin-ward, over the stable. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems 204 Wyde as a chirche that hath a gabyl. 1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 141 The principal Rafters, Purlins, Gables, &c. are also fram'd and set up. 1828Scott F.M. Perth iii, Be at the lattice window on our east gable by the very peep of dawn. 1839Miss Mitford in L'Estrange Life (1870) III. vii. 97 A porch and great gables with spread⁓eagles distinguish it. 1876M. E. Braddon J. Haggard's Dau. I. 5 With steep gables and curious abutments.
transf.1896Sir R. Temple Story of my Life I. x. 212 The icy and snowy gables, towers, pinnacles of the mid⁓Himalayan range.
b. Any architectural member having the form of a gable, as a triangular canopy over a window or a doorway. See gable-end 2.
1850Parker Gloss. Archit. (ed. 5) 225 Gablets, small ornamented gables formed over tabernacles, niches, buttresses, etc.
2. The triangular-topped end wall of a building; a gable-end.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. iii. 50 Woldustow Glase þe Gable and graue þerinne þi nome. c1440Promp. Parv. 183/2 Gabyl, or gable, pykyd walle. a1661Fuller Worthies, Exeter i. (1662) 273 The Houses stand sidewaies backward into their Yards, and onely endwaies with their Gables towards the Street. 1806Gazetteer Scotl. (ed. 2) 318 Towards the street, the ends or gables of the houses are placed. 1874in Parker Goth. Archit. Gloss. 324.
3. Mech. (See quot.)
1888Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin., Gable, the outer ends of the cranked portion of a crank shaft. Dressing this down square is termed cutting the gable.
4. attrib. and Comb., as gable-belfry, gable-coping, gable-perch, gable-roof (hence gable-roofed adj.), gable-wall; gable-shaped adj.; gable-wise adv.; gable-cresting = gable-coping; † gable-fork = fork n. 7; gable-topped a., topped by a gable, having a gable-shaped top; gable-window, a window in the gable or gable-end of a building.
1894E. H. Barker Summ. in Guyenne 67 A little old Gothic church with a *gable-belfry.
1860G. E. Street in Archæol. Cantiana III. 115 Surmounted by a high⁓pitched roof, finished with *gable-copings and crosses.
1886Willis & Clark Cambridge III. 553 Elaborate *gable-cresting of the time of James I.
1371Durh. Halm. Rolls (Surtees) 111 Reparabit unam grangiam de uno pare de siles et duobus *gauilforks.
1855M. Arnold Balder Poems 1877 I. 151 And in Valhalla from his *gable-perch The golden crested cock began to crow.
1850Parker Gloss. Archit. (ed. 5) 254 note, A hipped-roof is quite distinct from a *gable⁓roof.
1742Browne Willis Survey Cath. II. [III.] 334 The great Cross Isle or Tansept is *Gabell roof'd in a sloping Fashion.
1850J. Leitch Müller's Anc. Art §46 In the walls of Mycenæ and Larissa..are to be found *gable-shaped passages formed of blocks resting against each other. 1842Civil Engin. & Arch. Jrnl. V. 81/1 Some..architects..give us a gable-topped and an elliptic bed-topped window alternately. 1903Ld. R. Gower Rec. & Remin. 214 A small gable-topped building. 1923R. G. Collingwood Roman Brit. 86 A gable-topped canopy.
1442Building Accts. Thame Ch. in Oxf. Archit. & Hist. Soc. Proc. (1860–4) N.S.I. 274 John Walschef 5 dayys for to take a down y *gabul wall. 1886Willis & Clark Cambridge II. 162 The space between the screen and the gable wall of the Hall.
1447–8Hen. VI in Lyte Eton Coll. (1875) 501 A grete *gable wyndowe of ix dayes.
1872Ruskin Fors Clav. xxi. 12 A branch or two of larch, set *gable-wise across them.
▪ II. † ˈgable, n.2 Obs.
Also 5–6 gabul(le, 6 gabel(l.
A variant of cable n., frequent in the 15–16th c. Also attrib. and Comb., as gable-rope; gable-like, gable-long adjs.
1420[see cable]. a1440Sir Eglam. 1193 Hys gabulle and hys ropys everechone Was portrayed verely. c1440Bone Flor. 1864 They stroke the sayle, the gabuls braste, They hyed them a bettur spede. c1500Debate Carpenter's Tools in Halliw. Nugæ Poet. 18 ‘Softe, ser,’ seyd the gabulle-rope, ‘Methinke gode ale is in ȝour tope.’ 1535Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 4 §4 Any person..taking any vitailes, gabels, ropes, ankers, or sayles. 1542Lam. & Piteous Treat. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) I. 239 Our shyppes, losyng theyr ancres and gables, were broken and beaten in peces. 1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. ix. 25 b, Those which watched in the shippe Berrio, felt the gabell of the same wagging. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 156 Revenge of malice is too little to satisfie a serpent, she twineth her gable-like body about the throat of the amazed elephant. 1608― Serpents (1658) 612 She twineth her gable-long body about his neck. 1615Chapman Odyss. v. 333 Which, with dispatch, he wrought, Gables, and halsters, tacklings.
b. fig. Bonds, chains.
1602Content. betw. Lib. & Prod. ii. iv. in Hazl. Dodsley VIII. 350 Sweet Money, that gables of bondage unbinds.
Hence † ˈgable v., ? to stretch ropes across.
1649Thomasson Tracts (Brit. Mus.) CCCCXLII. vi. 52 They had gabled all their streets.
▪ III. gable, v.|ˈgeɪb(ə)l|
[f. gable n.1]
a. trans. To make (a roof) end in a gable.
b. intr. To form gables.
1848H. Webb Sk. Cont. Eccles. 14 The roofs of all four arms of the great cross are extremely high; but though gabling nobly in the nave and transept fronts, and ending apsidally in the choir, they are all four hipped in the most ugly way, instead of gabling on the central lantern. 1874J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 23 Its roof must be gabled.
▪ IV. gable
obs. form of gabble, gabelle. |