| 释义 |
▪ I. † gainstand, n. Obs. rare.
[f. gain- prefix 1 + stand n.]
Opposition, resistance.
c1470Harding Chron. cii. ix, Tharchbyshop Egbert..the primacye and pall brought to Yorkes lande, graunted without gaynstand. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 437 We..At oure plesour agane ȝow ma proceid, Without gane⁓stand of ȝow or ony dreid.
▪ II. gainstand, v. Obs. or arch.|geɪnˈstænd|
[f. gain- prefix 1 + stand v. Common down to c 1650, after which it falls out of use, except as an archaism.]
trans. To withstand, oppose, resist.
c1400Apol. Loll. 25 Ilk crature wiþ God auȝt to ȝenstond falshed. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4932 And he na power had To gayne stande þaim in batayle. 1552Lyndesay Monarche 5222 The kyng of Kyngis he sall ganestand. 1563–83Foxe A. & M. (1583) II. 1255/2 Vnless theyr purpose be vtterly to impugne & gainstand the scripture. 1653Urquhart Rabelais i. liii, They make a vassal to gain⁓stand his Lord. 1839Bailey Festus xxx. (1848) 342 And seek ye to gainstand the faith in God?
†b. In northern dialects the pr. pple. was used in 14–15th c. in the phr. not gainstanding = notwithstanding.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Justin 44 Hou Eraclius þe emperoure..þe son of Cosdre slew in ficht nocht-gand⁓standine his gret mycht. c1440York Myst. x. 55 Noght gaynestanding our grete eelde A semely sone he has vs sente.
Hence gainˈstanding vbl. n. and ppl. a. Also gainˈstander, an opposer, opponent.
a1340Hampole Psalter xvi[i]. 9 [8] Fra gayn standand [L. a resistentibus] til þi right hand; kepe me as þe appile of þe eghe. c1450Lay Folks Mass Bk. Bidding Prayer iii. 69 Gaynstanding and restrenyng of þare power. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 414 Sen weill we wait na gane⁓standing to get. c1575Balfour Practicks (1754) 22 Nane sall be repute as loyall..subjectis to our soverane Lord..bot be puneisabill as rebellaris and ganestandaris of the samin. 1637Gillespie Eng. Pop. Cerem. iii. iii. 44 Their poore shifts are too weake for gainstanding it. 1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. 7 He is, at the same time the evil thing is done, as much the cause of the gainstanding good that is not done. 1825Scott Talism. xi, The three lions passant of England..must take precedence of beast, fish or fowl, or woe worth the gainstander. |