| 释义 |
Trojan, a. and n.|ˈtrəʊdʒən|
Also 4 Troien, 4–5 Troiane, 4–6 Troyan, 4–7 Troian, 5 Troienne, 6 Troyane, -en(e.
[c gray][Formerly Troyan, Troian (ˈtrɔɪən[/c]); ad. L. Trōiānus, f. Trōja Troy.
The spelling Troian app. stood originally for Troyan; later it prob. represents Trojan.]
A. adj.
1. a. Of or pertaining to ancient Troy or its inhabitants.
c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 825 Antigone..Gan on a troyan lay to syngin clere. 1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy ii. 8591 For Achilles þouȝt it dide hym good With his swerde Troyan blood to schede. 1490Caxton Eneydos xxv. 91 The troienne folke is alle..descended of the forsworne laomedon. 1581A. Hall Iliad v. 92 Through all the camp Troyene So honord..as he King Priams sonne had bene. 1649Ogilby tr. Virgil's Georgicks i. (1684) 72 Long since enough we with our Blood did pay What might the Trojan Perjury defray. a1721Prior Pallas & Venus 1 The Trojan Swain had judg'd the great Dispute. 1835Thirlwall Greece I. 149 We..pass..out of the mythical circle..into that of the Trojan war.
b. Trojan horse: according to epic tradition, the hollow wooden horse in which Greeks were concealed to enter Troy; fig. a person, device, etc., insinuated to bring about an enemy's downfall; a person or thing that undermines from within; also attrib.
1574R. Bristow Motives (1599) 7 b, The Troian horse. 1837S. S. Prentiss in G. L. Prentiss Memoir of S.S. Prentiss (1858) i. viii. 188 He cannot so easily introduce his Trojan horse within these walls [seating of contested members in Mississipi House]. I, for one, will hurl a spear against its hollow sides. 1940Sun (Baltimore) 13 May 1/4 Alarmed by the success of Germany's ‘Trojan horse’ and parachute-troop tactics. 1963Listener 17 Jan. 112/2 The strengthening of the ‘special links’ between London and Washington made Britain's possible entry into the Common Market ‘more than ever likely to be that of a Trojan horse’. 1974Datamation Jan. 57/1 A ‘Trojan Horse’ technique was used to compromise the security of a campus time-sharing computer system... A computer operator used it..erasing all trace of the illicit Trojan Horse code. 1979A. Boyle Climate of Treason iii. 96 This ambitious Trojan Horse strategy called for the recruitment and indoctrination of compliant intellectuals. 1981Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 27 July 5/4 The ‘Trojan horse’ technique involves smuggling into a computer system an illegal set of instructions.
2. Astr. The epithet of two groups of asteroids which are at the same distance as Jupiter from the sun and approximately 60 degrees ahead of it and 60 degrees behind it in their orbit, so that with the sun and Jupiter they occupy positions of stability at the corners of two equilateral triangles. [So called because the first ones to be discovered were named after heroes of the Trojan War.]
1913Jrnl. Brit. Astron. Assoc. XXIII. 214 Masculine names are reserved for [minor] planets of peculiar interest, viz., those that pass very near the Earth..or have the same period as Jupiter (the Trojan group). 1918Mem. R. Astron. Soc. LXII. 79 The four asteroids—Achilles, Patroclus, Hector, and Nestor—are the Trojan planets. 1979Daily Tel. 17 Apr. 8/6 (caption) Troy is one of the two groups of so-called Trojan satellites which always form equilateral triangles between themselves, the sun and Jupiter.
B. n.
1. An inhabitant or native of Troy. (In quot. 1910 used allusively.)
[c893K. ælfred Oros. i. viii. §4 Ymb ealra þara Troiana ᵹewin to asecᵹenne.] c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 158 Of manyon he reknes & sayes, both of Troiens & of Gregeis. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 933 Dido, The hors..Thour which that many troyan [v.r. many a troian] muste sterue. 1503Hawes Examp. Virt. vii, To the Troyans story lette hym resort. 1579E. K. Gloss. Spenser's Sheph. Cal. July 147 Paris, who thereupon with a sorte of lustye Troyanes, stole her [Helena]. c1620T. Robinson Mary Magd. 122 Thousand Hellens faire,..And as many Troians braue. 1835Thirlwall Greece I. 33 The Pelasgians..in the Trojan war..side with the Trojans against the Greeks. 1910M. G. Kyle Fundamentals 31 The Hittites have in one respect been the Trojans of Bible History.
2. colloq.
a. A merry or roystering fellow; a boon companion; a person of dissolute life; also (in later use only) as a vague term of commendation or familiarity: a good fellow (often with the alliterative epithet true or trusty). Cf. Greek n. 5.
[1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. ii. 681 Fellow Hector..Vnlesse you play the honest Troyan, the poore Wench is cast away.] 1600Kemp Nine Daies Wond. C ij, He was a kinde good fellow, a true Troyan. 1663Butler Hud. i. i. 620 There they say right, and like true Trojans. 1762Bp. Forbes Jrnl. (1886) 208, I was most hospitably entertained by that honest old Trojan Mr. Sutherland. 1827Scott Surg. Dau. v, None are so scrupulous as I am about making promises. I am as trusty as a Trojan for that. 1888F. Cowper Captain of Wight (1889) 84 Eustace, my Trojan, don't you call me a goose again.
b. A brave or plucky fellow; a person of great energy or endurance: usu. in phr. like a Trojan.
[1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 225 Ȝif we wil mene þat þey [the people of Ilium] beeþ stronge we clepeþ hem Troians. ]1846Newman in Ward Life (1912) I. iii. 114 Working like a Trojan. 1882Jamieson, Trojan, a name applied to a person of uncommon size, strength, daring, or endurance. 1897G. Allen Type-writer Girl xvii. 179, I worked hard at that gown... Dear little Elsie helped me with it like a Trojan.
3. Entom. A name given by Linnæus to certain species of butterflies, chiefly tropical, distinguished by crimson spots on the wings from allied species called Greeks.
1832T. Brown Bk. Butterflies & M. (1834) I. 142 The Imperial Trojan. Papilio Priamus. 1863Bates Nat. Amazon iii. (1864) 62 Those species of Papilio..so conspicuous in their velvety black, green, and rose-coloured hues, which Linnæus..called ‘Trojans’.
4. Astr. A Trojan asteroid.
1918Mem. R. Astron. Soc. LXII. 80 The inclinations of the orbits of the Trojans and Jupiter vary through a quite considerable range. 1954C. Payne-Gaposchkin Introd. Astron. (1956) ix. 234 The theory of the ‘Trojans’ is a beautiful special application of the dynamical ‘Problem of Three Bodies’. 1979Icarus XL. 341/1 There seem to be three times more Trojans at the leading Trojan point.
5. U.S. The proprietary name of a make of contraceptive sheath.
First registered as a proprietary term in the U.S. on 26 Apr. 1927.
1951Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 17 Apr. 757/1 Trojan... For Prophylactic Membranous Articles for the Prevention of Contagious Diseases. 1962A. Lurie Love & Friendship xiv. 264 ‘Why ‘Trojans’?’ she asked, picking up a small box... ‘They lost the war, after all.’ 1973M. Amis Rachel Papers 202 After some neck-ricking soixante-neuf and a short period inside her unsheathed, I clawed at the little pink holder and took its final trojan.
Hence ˈTrojanry (nonce-wd.), body or company of Trojans. See also Troyanish, Troyish.
1667Cotton Scarron. iv. 135 Dido..Ran..to spie, What was become o' th' Trojanry. |