| 释义 |
▪ I. troop, n.|truːp|
Forms: 6 trowp, (troppe), 6–7 troup, trowpe, troope, 6–8 troupe, (7 trope), 6– troop.
[a. OF. trope (13th c.), F. troupe (16th c.), = Prov. trop, Sp., Pg. tropa, It. truppa, prob.:—late L. troppus ‘flock’, of which the ulterior origin is uncertain.]
1. a. A body of soldiers.
1545Lisle in St. Papers Hen. VIII, I. 829 Your enymyes..assemblyd more and more in gret troupes. 1598Barret Theor. Warres iii. i. 42 Your Musketiers being deuided into sundrie troupes, of 30, 40 or 50 in a troupe. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 527 Amid the thickest troupes of his enemies in the battaile of Agincourt. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xv, The travellers frequently distinguished troops of soldiers moving at a distance. 1838Lytton Leila ii. ii, In this troop..rode many of the best blood of Spain. 1852Thackeray Esmond iii. vii, Esmond perfectly well remembered seeing the old lady sitting up in the bed..that morning when the troop of guard came to fetch her.
b. A number of persons (or things) collected together; a party, company, band.
1584R. Scot Discov. Witchcr. x. ix. (1886) 150, I marvell againe, that no bodie else heareth nor seeth this troope of minstrels. 1601? Marston Pasquil & Kath. ii. 95 The glooming morne..hath..forc'd the sacred troupes of sparkling stars into their priuate Tents. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 42 Liuing in wandring troupes according to the Scythian Nomades. 1711Addison Spect. No. 130 ⁋1 We saw at a little Distance..a Troop of Gipsies. 1833H. Martineau Manch. Strike i. 1 The children dispersed in troops.
c. Of animals: A herd, flock, swarm; esp. a group of apes or monkeys.
1587L. Mascall Govt. Cattle (1596) 237 Fold for sheepe... Make your pennes..in some drie ground, and make also partitions thereinto to receiue small troups of forty or moe. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies iv. xxxiii. 299 In Peru there is such store of pastures and feelings, as..every man feedes his troupes where he pleaseth. 1719De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. xx. 358 We perceived two or three troops of wolves. 1812Cary Dante, Parad. xxxi. 6 A troop of bees. 1847Tennyson Princ. iv. 150 As flies A troop of snowy doves athwart the dusk. 1929R. M. & A. W. Yerkes Great Apes vii. 71/1 Some observers assert that troops [of gibbons]..will abandon a wounded comrade. 1951R. Campbell Light on Dark Horse v. 84, I blundered into the middle of a huge troop of baboons. 1965Listener 10 June 863/1 Another of the characteristic features of the primates is the size of the group or ‘troop’ as it is called.
d. Used to indicate a great number; a ‘lot’; esp. in pl. ‘flocks’, ‘swarms’.
1590Shakes. Com. Err. v. i. 81 A huge infectious troope Of pale distemperatures, and foes to life. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. ix. (S.T.S.) II. 193 Our folkis, in hope to obteine the hous, in troupis rinis to, bot agane ar dung doune. 1605Shakes. Macb. v. iii. 25 That which should accompany Old-Age, As Honor, Loue, Obedience, Troopes of Friends. 1658Whole Duty Man xvii. §18 We find this sin of self⁓love set by the Apostle in the head of a whole troop of sins. 1794Ld. Auckland Corr. (1862) III. 198 Lady Auckland and the troop are all in perfect health. 1881Besant & Rice Chapl. of Fleet ii. i. (1883) 120 There is no time, for a woman, like the time when she..is courted by a troop of lovers.
†e. A company of performers: = troupe.
1779Sheridan Critic i. i, Your first inquiry would be, whether they had brought a theatrical troop with them. 1835T. Mitchell Acharn. Aristoph. 1043 note, This prize-feast is..a frequent source of encouragement to his orchestral troop.
2. pl.
a. Armed forces collectively. Also fig.
1598Barret Theor. Warres 136 Fraunce and Flanders, too full of his pencionary troupes. 1605Shakes. Lear iv. v. 16 Our troopes set forth to morrow. 1671Lady M. Bertie in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 22 My brother Peregrine and all the troopes are to show in Hide Parke beefore the Prince of Orange. 1732T. Lediard Sethos II. viii. 143 Certain sums of money to raise troops. 1835T. Mitchell Acharn. Aristoph. Introd. p. xvii, It was a war of native and self-paid troops against troops foreign and purchased. 1854Cobden Speeches (1878) 319 The courage displayed by our troops.
b. The members of a mob or gang collectively. U.S. slang.
1932Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 7 Apr. 4/4 Troops, mob or gang. 1963Listener 4 Apr. 585/2 On the trip back he was met by ‘the troops’. With quick dispatch they placed four bullets in the back of his head, disposed of the weapon in a nearby alley, and were gone.
3. a. Mil. spec. A subdivision of a cavalry regiment commanded by a captain, corresponding to a company of foot and a battery of artillery.
1590Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons Ded. 5 b, Souldiors..disordering themselues vpon euery light occasion both in battallion, squadron and troupe. 1641Evelyn Diary 12 Sept., Here were now 16 companies and 9 tropes of horse. 1703Marlborough Lett. & Disp. (1845) I. 117 Lord Raby's regiment of dragoons..is of eight troops. 1832Regul. Instr. Cavalry iii. 45 Troop—The half of a Squadron. Troops are called Right and Left in each Squadron.
b. The command of a troop.
1813Wellington in Gurw. Desp. (1838) XI. 187 Just at this moment there is a troop vacant for purchase in the regiment of Life Guards. 1842Thackeray Fitz-Boodle Papers Pref. (1887) 14 His papa would have purchased him a troop—nay, a lieutenant-colonelcy—some day, but for his fatal excesses.
c. A company of Scouts comprising not less than three patrols of six Scouts each.
1908, etc. [see patrol n. 3 b]. 1959E. H. Clements High Tension x. 167, I ran a Scout Troop in that town and he was one of my troop. 1980W. Maxwell So Long, see You Tomorrow iii. 28 Were we in the same Boy Scout troop?
4. Mil. A signal on the drum for troops to assemble in readiness for marching; the assembly. (Cf. quot. 1667 in troop v. 1.)
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. xix. (Roxb.) 153/2 The drumer is to beat all maner of beats, as a Call, a Troope, a March, a Preparative. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey) s.v., The Troop, which is the second beat of the Drum,..for the Men to repair to their Colours. 1803Instruct. Infantry (ed. 3) 13 The Music plays the Troop. 1845S. Judd Margaret i. xiii, Tony's beat of the troop was the signal for the soldiers to assemble.
5. attrib. and Comb.: in sense 2, as troop-boat, troop column, troop-ship, troop-steamer, troop-traffic, troop-train, troop-transport; in sense 3, as troop-gelding, troop-leader (cf. leader1 6), troop-leading, troop-orderly, troop sergeant (-major), troop-stable; also troop-lined, troop-thronged adjs.; troop-bird (U.S.), a troopial (Worcester 1860, citing Gray); troop-boot (U.S.), a cavalry boot; troop-carrier, a large aircraft or armoured vehicle for transporting troops; hence troop-carrying a.; troop-fowl (local U.S.), a scaup-duck; troop-horse, (a) a cavalry horse; † (b) collectively, horsemen for a troop.
1816in Century Mag. LIX. 623/1 He had taken ten gun⁓boats from the Neapolitans, and several *troop-boats.
1885E. Custer Boots & Saddles x. 107 The general..wore *troop-boots reaching to his knees.
1923Daily Mail 23 June 5 Among landplanes there are huge new *troop-carriers capable of carrying 25 fully equipped soldiers. 1958Ibid. 18 July 1/1 Israel's permission to ferry troop-carriers through her air-space was not..fully cleared. 1964L. Deighton Funeral in Berlin vi. 38 A Volkspolizei troop carrier was parked at the roadside. 1976A. White Long Silence ix. 84 We could hear..the engines of motor-cycles, lorries and troop-carriers.
1937L. Hart Europe in Arms iii. 32 A force of 1200 men together with 150 machine-guns and 18 light field-guns was carried 100 miles in *troop-carrying aircraft. 1977M. Gilbert Winston S. Churchill IV. Compan. i. 654 The first use of troop-carrying aeroplanes during a military campaign took place on 21 February 1923.
1702Lond. Gaz. No. 3790/8 A bright-bay *Troop-Gelding 15 hands and half high.
1640Bk. War Comm. Covenanters 1 The Committie ordaines, that, the *troupe horss to be leviat furth of the Stewartrie for the service of the publict. 1856Lever Martins of Cro' M. xxxvi, The sound of troop-horses passaging to and fro..now interrupted the colloquy.
1832Regul. Instr. Cavalry ii. 29 The *Troop Leaders are to be on the pivot flank.
1889Pall Mall G. 3 July 4/3 The procession followed the *troop-lined route.
1896Westm. Gaz. 10 Mar. 5/3 He was *troop orderly that day.
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. xviii. (Roxb.) 134/1 The *Troup, or Holster pistall, this is longer then the fore said [girdle pistol] by as much againe.
1838J. Grant Sk. Lond. 92 The Troopers..being allowed..to call for as much tobacco, technically termed ‘*Troop-sand’, as they could consume at the sitting.
1853Stocqueler Milit. Encycl. s.v. Serjeant-Major, A *Troop Serjeant-major receives 3s. [per day]. 1889W. S. Gilbert Foggerty's Fairy etc. (1892) 108 He was now troop-sergeant, and one of the smartest men in the squadron.
1862Thackeray Philip xvi, I certainly did suffer most cruelly on board that horrible *troop-ship.
1855G. J. Whyte-Melville Gen. Bounce xx, Their task consisted of lounging about a *troop-stable, attired in undress uniform, to watch the men cleaning and ‘doing up’ their respective horses.
1862Catal. Internat. Exhib. II. xii. 13 Model of Government *troop steamer for the Lower Indus.
1893Gosse Questions at Issue 270 The breaking-out of cholera in a *troop-train.
Sense 2 b in Dict. becomes 2 c. Add: [2.] b. Chiefly in sing. [Irreg. f. the collect. pl.: in some cases perh. abbrev. of trooper n.] A member of a troop of soldiers (or other servicemen); a soldier, a trooper. colloq. (chiefly Mil.).
1832B. Hall Fragments of Voy. & Trav. 2nd Ser. (ed. 2) iv. 124 The monkey stowed himself away..till the same marine passed.., and laid hold of him by the calf of the leg... As the wounded ‘troop’ was not much hurt, a sort of truce was proclaimed. 1947D. M. Davin Gorse blooms Pale 193 Can you spare a bite for a front-line troop? 1973T. O'Brien If I die in Combat Zone xxii. 189 ‘You don't smoke dope, do you, troop?’ ‘No, no sir!’
▪ II. troop, v.|truːp|
[f. prec. n.]
1. intr. To gather in a company; to come together; to flock, assemble.
1565Cooper Thesaurus, Agglomero,..to prease or gather thicke to gether, as souldiours doe: to trowpe. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. ii. i. 113 There will the louely Roman Ladies troope. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies iv. xxxiii. 300 These wilde kine have so multiplied..that they troupe together in the fields and woods by thousands. 1667Milton P.L. vii. 297 As Armies at the call Of Trumpet..Troop to thir Standard. 1795Burke Let. to W. Elliot Wks. 1842 II. 244 Multitudes, hardly thought to be in existence, would appear, and troop about him. 1799–1805Wordsw. Prelude v. 260 She left us destitute, and, as we might, Trooping together.
†2.
a. trans. To gather or assemble (individuals) into a troop or company. Also refl. To associate or consort with a number of others, to go in company. Obs.
c1590Greene Fr. Bacon vii. 3 The king..trooped with all the western kings That lie alongst the Dantzic seas by east. Ibid. xii. 16, I came not, troop'd with all this warlike train. 1590― Orl. Fur. Wks. (Rtldg.) 91/2, I vow..To troop myself with such a crew of men As [etc.]. 1620[G. Brydges] Horæ Subs. 410 Amongst some of them hee should troope himselfe.
b. intr. To associate with.
1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. i. v. 50 So shewes a Snowy Doue trooping with Crowes, As yonder Lady ore her fellowes showes. 1605― Lear i. i. 134 All the large effects That troope with Maiesty. 1864Lowell Fireside Trav. 195 The descendants of Sabine pigeons..trooping with noisy rooks and daws. 1880Kinglake Crimea VI. ix. 299 He would troop with the accusing throng.
3. intr. To walk, go, pass; colloq. (with off, away, etc.) to go away, ‘be off’, ‘pack’. Cf. march v.2 2.
1590Shakes. Mids. N. iii. ii. 382 And yonder shines Auroras harbinger; At whose approach Ghosts wandring here and there, Troope home to Church-yards. 1700T. Brown Amusem. Ser. & Com. 32, I thought 'twas Time to troop off to an Eating-House. 1708S. Centlivre Busie Body iv. ii, Get out of my house,—go troop. 1782E. N. Blower Geo. Bateman I. 147 Pack up your cloaths, Miss Pert, for..you shall troop from hence to-morrow. 1860G. Meredith Evan Harrington xlv, The place is ours till we troop.
4. intr. To march in rank; to walk or pass in order. Also fig. Now somewhat colloq.
1592W. Wyrley Armorie 148 Now close to troupe, then goodly to deraine. 1598Barret Theor. Warres iii. ii. 70 Sundry small troupes, trouping round about the battell. 1635W. Barriffe Mil. Discip. lxxiii. (1643) 199 Those files which formerly gave fire in the meane time trooping backe. 1682H. Aldrich Upon Christ Church Bells Oxf., Y⊇ verger troops before y⊇ Deane. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 130 My Indians..trouped by three or four wretched Towns. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 63 (R. van Winkle) He was generally seen trooping like a colt, at his mother's heels. 1883S. C. Hall Retrospect II. 40 The days..trooped forward as peacefully as..the soft white clouds. 1893Nation (N.Y.) 22 June 453/2 As the spring months troop by, they bring a succession of fruits.
b. trans. To cause to march in a troop.
1872T. Cooper Life 238 At six we were trooped off.
5. intr. To come or go in great numbers; to pass in flocks or troops; to flock (in, out, etc.).
1610Bolton Elem. Armories 51 The rest of proofes which troup-vp close to their quarter,..who can but embrace? 1629Milton Hymn Nativ. xxvi, The flocking shadows pale Troop to th' infernall jail. 1784Cowper Task v. 61 Now from the roost..Come trooping at the house-wife's well-known call The feather'd tribes domestic. 1862Mrs. H. Wood Mrs. Hallib. i. xiv, All the children trooped in at once. 1910A. M. Fairbairn Stud. Relig. & Theol. II. viii. iii. 519 The address delivered, the Jews trooped out of the synagogue.
6. trans. (Mil.) to troop the colour (or colours): to perform that portion of the ceremonial known as Mounting of the Guard in which the colour is received. Also absol.
The first Standing Order on the subject (but not containing the word) is dated May 1755; but the appellation may date back to Marlborough's time, as it is known that there were Campaign orders on the subject of Mounting of the Guard which do not appear to have been preserved. See ‘General Regulations, Orders, and Warrants, 1717–1766’, MS. in the Ministry of Defence Library, in which the ceremonial is fully described.
1803Instruct. Infantry (ed. 3) 11 To Troop or send for the Colours. 1816Chron. in Ann. Reg. 8/1 After the trooping of the colours had taken place the detachment..received the Eagles. 1861G. F. Berkeley Sportsm. W. Prairies xiv. 233 In mounting guard they ‘troop’ as much as we do. 1893Times 5 June 6/1 The ceremony called trooping the colour which dates back to the times of Marlborough. 1894Ibid. 1 June 10/1 First the colour was trooped, and then followed a march past in column.
7. To transport (troops).
1882,1894[see trooping vbl. n. b.]. |