| 释义 |
▪ I. gammon, n.1|ˈgæmən|
Forms: 5–6 gambon(e, 6 gammound, gamond(e, (Sc. gawmond), 6–7 gammond, gamon, 9 Sc. gammont, 6– gammon.
[a. ONF. gambon (mod.F. jambon) ham, f. gambe (mod.F. jambe) leg.]
†1. The ham or haunch of a swine. Also transf.
1486Bk. St. Albans, F ii b, The peestellis and the gambons deperte theym .ij. 1601Holland Pliny II. 332 In the pestle and gammond both of a swine, there be certain ioint whirlbones. 1611Cotgr. s.v. Accule, The wild Bore..brought vnto a bay sets him on his Gammons. 1613Beaum. & Fl. Captain ii. ii, I would have him [Captain Jacomo] buried Even as he lyes, crosse legg'd, like one o' th' Templers, (If his west-phaly gammons will hold crossing).
2. The bottom piece of a flitch of bacon, including the hind leg; also, a smoked or cured ham.
a1529Skelton El. Rumming Wks. (1736) 132 Than came haltynge Jone And broughte a gambone Of bakon that was reastye. 1555Eden Decades 3 The other moste flesshy partes they pouder for store as we do..gammondes of bakon. 1658R. White tr. Digby's Powd. Symp. (1660) 40 If one put gammons of bacon, or beef, or any other flesh within the chimney. 1719D'Urfey Pills (1872) I. 268 A good Westphalia Gammon Is counted dainty Fare. 1771Goldsm. Haunch of Venison 10 In some Irish houses, where things are so-so, One gammon of bacon hangs up for a show. 1808Scott Marm. iii. iii, Gammons of the tusky boar. 1851D. Jerrold St. Giles xviii, Here's the bread and cheese, and all that's left o' the gammon o' bacon.
3. Sc. dial. (See quot.)
1825–80Jamieson, Gammonts, gammons, the feet of an animal; often those of pigs, sometimes called petit-toes.
4. Comb., as gammon-faced, gammon-visaged adjs.; gammon-essence (see quot.).
1604Marston Malcontent iv. iii, The sallow Westphalian, gamon-faced zaza, Cries, Stand out. 1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. ii. 17 Thou kildst the gammon visag'd poore Westphalians. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Gammon-Essence (in Cookery) is made of thin Slices of Gammon of Bacon dress'd in a Stew-pan with a Ragoo.
▪ II. gammon, n.2 Naut.|ˈgæmən|
[Of unknown origin: some have conjectured that it is f. gammon v.3, and that the latter contains an allusion to the tying up of a gammon or ham.]
1. The lashing of the bowsprit. Now usually called gammoning.
1689S. Sewall Diary 12 Nov. (1882) I. 281 Strengthen the Bolt-sprit, the Gammon of which was loosed. 1748Anson's Voy. i. viii. 82 They had broke their fore-stay and the gammon of the bowsprit.
2. Comb., as gammon-knee, -plate, -shackle (see quots.).
1846Young Naut. Dict. s.v. Gammoning, It is generally made fast to a ring, called the Gammon-shackle, formed on the end of the Gammon-plate, which is an iron plate bolted to the stem. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Gammon-knee, a knee-timber fayed and bolted to the stem a little below the bowsprit.
▪ III. gammon, n.3|ˈgæmən|
[app. a survival of the ME. gamen game n.1, or a noun of action f. gamne vb. (see game v.1). Possibly gammon and backgammon may have been used to denote different degrees of victory in the game of ‘tables’, before they came to be used as names for the game itself; on this view sense 2 below and sense 2 of backgammon would come before sense 1, but in each case the application to the game itself is recorded earlier.]
1. The game of backgammon. Now rare.
1730–46Thomson Autumn 528 Or the quick dice, In thunder leaping from the box, awake The sounding gammon. a1734North Lives (1826) I. 17 Whatever games were stirring, at places where he retired, as gammon, gleek, piquet, or even the merry main, he made one. 1800E. Hervey Mourtray Fam. III. 81 Mr. Chowles was above, playing at gammon with mistress. 1826J. Wilson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. 124 The tailor at Yarrow ford dang ye all to bits baith at gammon and the dambrod.
2. A term at backgammon, denoting a degree of victory which scores equal to two ‘hits’ or ‘games’ (see quots. 1844, 1868).
1735Dyche & Pardon, Gammon..a Term in a Play called Back Gammon. 1778C. Jones Hoyle's Games Impr. 165 Six and Five, a Man to be carried from your Adversary's Ace Point, as far as he can go, for a Gammon or for a Hit. 1800Gentl. Mag. I. 163 And by quick taking off, a gammon win. 1844Backgammon 47 If one combatant have not removed his first man before the other has removed his last, ‘a gammon’ is lost and won, which is equivalent to two games. 1868Boy's Own Bk. 590 If you can bear all your men away before your adversary has borne off one man, you win the gammon..But if your adversary is able to bear one of his men, before you have borne all yours, then your victory is reduced to a hit.
3. Comb., as gammon-board, gammon-player.
1814Monthly Mag. XXXVII. 47 It may be inferred that he too was a gammon-player. 1851‘Nimrod’ The Road 17 You'll have the gammon-board all to yourself.
▪ IV. gammon, n.4 slang or colloq.|ˈgæmən|
Also 8 gamon.
[app. originally thieves' slang. Commonly identified with ME. gamen game n.1; but the chronological gap is very great, and the meaning in which the mod. word first appears does not favour this etymology. Perh. there may be some untraceable jocular allusion to gammon n.3 (cf. next vb., sense 2), or even n.2]
1. Thieves' slang. In phrases to give gammon (see quot. 1720). to keep in gammon: to engage (a person's) attention while a confederate is robbing him.
1720A. Smith Hist. Highwaymen III. 358 Give me Gammon. That is, to side, shoulder, or stand close to a Man, or a Woman, whilst another picks his, or her Pocket. 1821D. Haggart Life 51 Going out at the door, Bagrie called the woman of the house, kept her in gammon in the back⁓room, while I returned and brought off the till. Ibid. 68, I whidded to the Doctor, and he gave me gammon.
2. Talk, chatter. Usually gammon and patter.
1781G. Parker View Soc. I. 208, I thought myself pretty much a master of Gammon, but the Billingsgate eloquence of Mrs. P― not only exceeded me, but outdid all that I had ever known eloquent in that way. 1789― Life's Painter (ed. 2) 186 Gammon and Patter, Jaw talk, etc. 1796Grose's Dict. Vulgar Tongue, Gamon and Patter, commonplace talk of any profession; as the gamon and patter of a horse-dealer, sailor, etc.
3. Ridiculous nonsense suited to deceive simple persons only; ‘humbug’, ‘rubbish’.
1805T. Harral Scenes of Life III. 105 ‘Come, come, none of your gammon!’ cried one, ‘tell us where the other black sheep is’. 1811Lex. Balatron. s.v., What rum gamon the old file pitched to the flat. 1811J. Poole Ham. Travestie 30 Come, that won't do, my lord;—now that's all gammon. 1837Dickens Pickw. xxiv, Some people maintains that an Englishman's house is his castle. That's gammon. 1845Disraeli Sybil (Rtldg.) 285 Morley has got round them, preaching moral force, and all that sort of gammon. 1870H. Smart Race for Wife x, Come, old fellow, no gammon.
b. quasi-int. Humbug! Fudge!
1827R. B. Peake Comfort. Lodg. i. iii, Sir H. (Aside) Gammon! 1855Thackeray Rose & Ring xv, ‘Gammon!’ exclaimed his Lordship. 1885F. A. Guthrie Tinted Venus 4 ‘Gammon!’ said Jauncey, ‘that isn't it’.
▪ V. gammon, v.1|ˈgæmən|
[f. gammon n.3]
1. trans. To beat at backgammon by a ‘gammon’.
1735Savage Progr. Divine 75 At tables now! But oh, if gammon'd there, The startling echoes learn, like him to swear! 1823‘Jon Bee’ Dict. Turf s.v., In back-gammon playing, the loser of two games following is said to be gammoned. 1867Gd. Words 422/1 ‘More fool you’, remarked his father, without looking up from the backgammon board. ‘There, madam, you are gammoned.’ 1870Hardy & Ware Mod. Hoyle, Backgammon 142 Having gained these points, you have a fair chance to gammon your adversary.
fig.1694Echard Plautus' Rudens ii. iv. 168 Ne'r a Gamester of 'm all has half the Cunning. Faith, 'twas an excellent Cast; 'thas quite gammon'd the Rascal.
†2. intr. To cheat at play in some particular way. Obs.
1700Step to Bath (ed. 2) 14 There was Palming, Lodging, Loaded Dice, Levant, and Gammoning.
▪ VI. gammon, v.2|ˈgæmən|
[f. gammon n.1]
trans. To cure (bacon) by salting and smoking.
1836Smart, Gammon, to salt and dry. 1848Craig, Gammon..to make bacon, to pickle and dry in smoke.
▪ VII. gammon, v.3 Naut.|ˈgæmən|
[See gammon n.2]
trans. To lash (the bowsprit) with ropes to the stem of a ship. Said also of the rope.
1711W. Sutherland Shipbuild. Assist. 62 To gammon the Bowsprit. 1729Capt. W. Wriglesworth MS. Log-bk. of the ‘Lyell’ 5 Sept., Gammon'd the Bowsprit, Rigg'd the Mizon-topmast. c1850Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 120 The rope..that gammons the bowsprit. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Gammon, to pass the lashings of the bowsprit.
▪ VIII. gammon, v.4 slang or colloq.|ˈgæmən|
[f. gammon n.4]
1. intr. To talk (plausibly or persuasively).
1789G. Parker Life's Painter (ed. 2) 186 A fellow that speaks well, they say he gammons well, or he has a great deal of rum patter. 1833M. Scott Tom Cringle ii, You gammons so about the rhino that we must prove you a bit.
2. To feign, pretend.
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict. s.v., To gammon lushy or queer is to pretend drunkenness or sickness. 1821P. Egan Life Lond. vi. 346 Logic gammoned to be the cadger in fine style, with his crutch and specs. 1864E. A. Murray E. Norman II. 11, I got up in a temper, and told him to leave me. He laughed, and said I was gammoning. 1868H. C. R. Johnson Argent. Alps 111 Keeping his eyes on the document, and ‘gammoning’ to read it.
3. trans. To stuff with ridiculous nonsense, to humbug, deceive, hoax. Const. into, out of.
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict. s.v., A man who..by a plausible defence has induced the jury to acquit him..is said by his associates to have gammoned the twelve in prime twig. 1821Egan Life in London V. 289 Flashy Nance (who had gammoned more seamen out of their vills and power than the ingenuity or palaver of twenty of the most knowing of the frail sisterhood could effect). 1825Buckstone Bear Hunters i. i, There! that's just the way she gammons me at home. 1836Dickens Sk. Boz. v, I..waited at table, and gammoned the servants, and nobody had the least idea I was in possession. 1837― Pickw. xiii, So then they pours him out a glass o' wine, and gammons him about his driving, and gets him into a reg'lar good humour. 1873Black Pr. Thule ix, To go and gammon old Mackenzie into the belief that he can read poetry.
Hence ˈgammoning vbl. n. and ppl. a. Also ˈgammoner, one who gammons; one who ‘gives gammon’ (see gammon n.4 1) to an accomplice.
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict. s.v. Gammon, A thief detected in a house which he has entered upon the sneak..will endeavour by some gammoning story to account for his intrusion. 1821D. Haggart Life 66 The Doctor came from the kitchen, and played the part of the gammoner so well, that I made my escape without being observed. 1823Moncrieff Tom & Jerry i. i, Fly to the gammoners, and awake to everything that's going on. 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. xvi, The same gentleman who had expressed an opinion relative to the gammoning nature of the introductory speech. 1881Argonaut (S. Francisco) 2 Apr., Mr. M―, one of the oiliest of oily gammoners. |