| 释义 |
▪ I. trunnion|ˈtrʌnjən|
Chiefly in pl. Also 7–9 trunion, 8 tronion.
[ad. F. trognon core of fruit, stump, trunk of a tree (14th c. in Godef. Compl.); of uncertain origin.]
1. Each of a pair of opposite gudgeons on the sides of a cannon, upon which it is pivoted upon its carriage. (Disused in large modern guns.)
a1625Nomenclator Navalis (Harl. MS. 2301), Trunnions are those knobbs which come from the side of the Ordnance and doe beare them vpp vpon the Cheekes of the Carriages. 1690J. Mackenzie Siege London-Derry 17/1 The rest attending the Lord Kingston till they had broke the Trunnions, and nailed the heavier Guns. 1781Justamond Priv. Life Lewis XV, III. 389 They broke off the trunnions of the canon. 1794Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1845) I. 430 The Agamemnon's two twenty-four pounders are both ruined: one split up to the rings; the other with the trunnion knocked so much off, that it is useless for shot. 1890W. J. Gordon Foundry 26 One of the strangest of the very latest developments of modern gunnery is the abolition of the trunnions.
b. Each of any similar pair of opposite pins or pivots on which anything is supported; spec. in the oscillating steam-engine, a hollow gudgeon on each side of the cylinder, upon which it is pivoted, and through which the steam passes into and out of the cylinder; also, a single projecting pivot.
1727Bradley's Fam. Dict. s.v. Chimney, They fit two Trunnions or Knobs to the Middle of this Swipe. 1831J. Holland Manuf. Metal I. 88 The centre of the pivots or trunnions on which it [the large metal helve] works. 1833Ibid. II. 215 The bar-handle acting..upon a fulcrum or mouth-piece of solid iron, the top of which works against a trunnion under the middle of the press head. 1867J. Hogg Microsc. i. ii. 82 The tripod-stand gives a firm support to the trunnions. 1873W. S. Mayo Never Again xxii, This vessel I shall hang on trunnions, and keep in constant revolution while the glass is in a liquid state. 1895Model Steam Engine 21 In a real engine, the centres on which the cylinders oscillate are called trunnions.
†c. transf. A pin or peg of wood; a treenail. Obs. rare.
1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. ii. 4 Those plankes are made fast with good Treenailes and Trunnions of well seasoned timber.
2. attrib. and Comb., as trunnion-hole, trunnion-joint, trunnion-lathe, trunnion-piece, trunnion-pin; trunnion-band, the band on which the trunnions are fixed; trunnion-box, a metal case fixed over the trunnion to prevent the gun leaving the carriage; trunnion-carriage, the top carriage of a mortar (Webster, 1911); trunnion-chain, a chain for slinging a cannon by the trunnions (ibid.); trunnion-cradle, branching arms in certain gun-carriages, in the extremities of which the trunnions play (ibid.); trunnion-ledge, -level, a small ledge on the trunnion of a heavy gun, parallel with the axis, as a guide to the elevation or depression of the piece (Cent. Dict. Suppl. 1909); trunnion-plate, an iron plate on the cheek of a wooden gun-carriage, on which the trunnion plays; also, a strengthening shoulder reinforcing the trunnion (Cent. Dict. 1891); trunnion-ring, the raised band or moulding encircling a cannon a little in front of the trunnions; trunnion-rule, an instrument for determining the distance from the trunnions to the base-ring (Cent. Dict. Suppl.); trunnion-sight, a front sight placed on the trunnion-band; trunnion-square, an instrument for determining whether the trunnions are perpendicular to the axis of the gun; trunnion-valve, a steam-valve situated in or attached to the trunnion of an oscillating cylinder.
1812Wellington in Gurw. Desp. (1838) IX. 131 It is recommended by the officers of the artillery that they should be fitted with strong iron *trunnion boxes, to secure the guns.
1795Burke Let. to Ld. Auckland Wks. IX. p. xxii, Those planks of tough and hardy oak, that used for years to brave the buffets of the Bay of Biscay, are now turned, with their warped grain and empty *trunnion-holes, into very wretched pales. 1859F. A. Griffiths Artill. Man. Plate (1862) 112 Trunnion hole.
1876R. Routledge Discov. 14 The *trunnion joints are easily packed, so that no leakage takes place.
1877Knight Dict. Mech., *Trunnion-lathe, a machine-tool for turning off the trunnions of ordnance or oscillating steam-cylinders.
1859F. A. Griffiths Artill. Man. (1862) 190 The *trunnion piece is made from a solid forging, and after being bored and turned, is shrunk in its place on the gun.
1888Hasluck Model Engin. Handybk. (1900) 27 The upper hole..takes the trunnion or pin on which the cylinder oscillates. Fig. 13 shows this *trunnion pin.
1644Nye Gunnery (1670) 42 The Base⁓ring, the *Trunnion-ring, or Rings. 1868Rep. to Govt. U.S. Munitions War 81 The Whitworth gun..is manufactured of one material (except the trunnion-ring).
Hence ˈtrunnioned a., provided with trunnions (Webster, 1864); ˈtrunnionless a., having no trunnions.
1890W. J. Gordon Foundry 26 A trunnionless gun has a curious crippled look about it.
▪ II. † trunnion
(?) perversion of trin-union or tri-union, used as an asseveration or oath.
1577Misogonus iv. ii, Gods trunnion, Alison, go thy wayes and fatch me hether my gose spitt. |