| 释义 |
gaon|ˈgɑːəʊn|
Pl. gaonim, gaons, geonim.
[Heb. gā'ôn (pl. g⊇ônîm) excellence (Ps. xlvii. 4), pride (Prov. xvi. 18).]
Used as an honorific for the heads of Jewish academies in Babylonia, Palestine, Syria, and Egypt from the 6th to the 11th centuries; later in Spain, Italy and in the eighteenth century in Vilna applied to any person outstandingly gifted in language and art; (after 19th- and 20th-century Yiddish usage) a genius, prodigy. Hence gaˈonic a.
1780Encycl. Brit. V. 3178/2 Gaons, a certain order of Jewish doctors, who appeared in the East, after the closing of the talmud. 1892Zangwill Childr. Ghetto (1893) i. vii. 71 The light of his generation, the great Gaon..Rav Shemuel. Ibid. 72 It was like the Wilna Gaon come again. 1934Webster, Gaonic. 1935S. Lewis It can't happen Here xviii. 191 You Geonim never lap up anything but snow cooled nectar. 1941G. G. Scholem Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism ix. 341 The ‘Gaon’ Elijah of Vilna, the outstanding leader of Lithuanian Jewry. Ibid. 352 Assuming that these passages are subsequent Gaonic interpolations. 1964H. Kemelman Friday the Rabbi slept Late (1965) i. 23 ‘What do you think of the Rabbi now?’..‘A gaon,..a regular gaon.’ 1968New Scientist 23 May 385/3 The responsa written by Jewish legal experts in Medieval Spain since the period of the gaonim (spiritual heads of communities). |