| 释义 |
▪ I. garland, n.|ˈgɑːlənd|
Forms: 4 ger(e)lande, -lond, 4–6 garlande, (4 -launde), -lond(e, (5 -long), 5–6 -lant(e, (6 -lent), 6 gare-, guarland, 6–7 girlond, (6 ger-, girland), 7 ghirland, -lond, ghyrlond, guirlande, 4– garland.
[a. OF. garlande, gerlande, gallande (also guarlander vb.) = Pr. g(u)arlanda, OSp. guarlanda, Cat. garlanda, med.L. garlanda, gallanda. The word is also found with a different vowel in the first syllable, as F. guirlande, Pr. guirlanda, It. ghirlanda, Sp., Pg. guirnalda; and no satisfactory origin has yet been suggested for it. In the 16th and 17th c. the spellings ghir-, gir-, guirland are freq. used by English wirters, in imitation of the Fr. and It. forms.]
1. a. A wreath made of flowers, leaves, etc., worn on the head like a crown, or hung about an object for decoration.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 997 Ȝyf þou euer yn felde, eyþer in toune, Dedyst floure gerlande or coroune. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. Prol. 160 A garlond on his hed of rose levys. a1400–50Alexander 4599 Ȝour women has na..Garlands ne no gay gere to glyffe in ȝour eȝen. 1526Tindale Acts xiv. 13 Brought oxen and garlondes vnto the churche porche. 1563Golding Cæsar (1565) 75 b, Putting al their Senate to death..he sold the rest under a garlond [L. sub corona] for bondmen. a1652Brome Love-sick Court v. Wks. 1873 II. 170 Let his Priests lead..The horned Sacrifice, mantled with Ghirlonds. 1716Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to C'tess Mar 14 Sept., It certainly requires..much art and experience to dance upon May-day with the garland. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) II. 343 A fine painting, representing Diana crowning a sleeping Endymion with a garland of flowers. 1817Byron Manfred ii. i, A quiet grave, With cross and garland over its green turf. 1830D'Israeli Chas. I, III. xvii. 369 To strew rushes..and to hang fresh garlands in the church were offices pleasing to the maidens. 1870Morris Earthly Par. III. iv. 57 Round about her shapely head A garland of dog-violet..meetly had she set.
fig.1570Dee Math. Pref. 10 Whose fayrest floure of their garland..was Arithmetike. 1594in Shaks. C. Praise 6 Though Rome lament that she have lost The Gareland of her rarest Fame. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, v. iv. 73 All the budding Honors on thy Crest, Ile crop, to make a Garland for my head. 1727–46Thomson Summer 1731 With thee, serene Philosophy! with thee, And thy bright garland, let me crown my song. 1781Cowper Convers. 638 Virtue..Crowned with the garland of life's blooming years. 1832Tennyson Miller's Dau. 208 Where Past and Present, wound in one, Do make a garland for the heart.
†b. Christ's crown of thorns. Obs. rare.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xviii. 48 An other..bigan of kene thorne a gerelande to make. c1460Christm. Carols (Percy Soc.) 9 How xalt thou sufferin the scharp garlong of thorn?
c. A natural ‘garland’ or festoon.
1841Emerson Addr., Method Nature Wks. (Bohn) II. 224 Vegetable life, which..festoons the globe with a garland of grasses and vines. 1863F. A. Kemble Resid. in Georgia 19 An ivy..growing in profuse garlands from branch to branch.
d. A wreath of ribbons; chiefly Naut.
1846Young Naut. Dict., Garland, an ornament decked with ribbons hoisted up between the masts of a North Sea whaler on the first of May, &c., or in a vessel of war on the occasion of a marriage. 1868Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., Garlands, wreaths of ribbons enclosing a white glove, formerly borne at the funerals of young unmarried women. 2, Hoops bedecked with ribbons hung at the mast-head of whale-ships returning to port after a successful voyage. 1888Malta Chron. 13 Mar. in N. & Q. 7th Ser. V. 284 At the mainmast head of the Alexandra was displayed..the garland consecrated to weddings by naval custom.
2. A wreath, chaplet, or coronet of some costly material, esp. of gold or silver work. Obs. exc. Hist.
13..Seuyn Sag. (W.) 3234 Hir hed was gayly dubed and dyght With gerlandes al of gold ful bright. a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 869 Of orfrayes fresh was hir gerland, I..Saugh never, ywys, no gerlond yitt, So wel wrought of silk as it. 1536in Antiq. Sarisb. (1771) 199 A garland of silver and gilt, set about with stones of divers colours. 1555Eden Decades 105 Garlandes of glasse and counterfecte stoones. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. iii. 73 b, A garlande of fine drawen gold. 1628–9Ann. Barber-Surg. Lond. (1890) 397 Paid Mr Greene the Gouldsmith for the silver and making of 4 new Garlands..xxli. 1890Young Ibid. 506 Four very handsomely chased and wrought silver garlands or wreaths for crowning the Master and Wardens on Election Day.
3. A wreath, crown, etc. worn as a mark of distinction.
†a. A royal crown or diadem. Obs.
[1247Matthew Paris (Du Cange), Rex veste deaurata, et coronula aurea, quæ vulgariter garlanda dicitur, redimitus] c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 331 Þe garland Roberd tok, þat whilom was þe right, þe lond forto loke, in signe of kynge's myght. a1400–50Alexander 818 Þis renke & his rounsy þai reche vp a croune, As gome at has þe garland & all þe gre wonne. 1543Grafton Contn. Harding (1812) 509 What about y⊇ getting of the garland, keping it, lesing and winning again, it hath coste more English blood then hath the twise winning of Fraunce. 1548Hall Chron., Hen. IV, 32 b, Wel qh the prince if you are kynge I wil haue the garland and trust to kepe it with the swerd..as you haue done. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, iii. ii. 40, 41 Cates. Till Richard weare the Garland of the Realme. Hast. How weare the Garland? Doest thou meane the Crowne? Cates. I, my good Lord. 1615Chapman Odyss. i. 619 The girlond of this kingdom let the knees Of Deity run for.
b. The priest's fillet or band of wool worn in token of consecration to the service of a god. Cf. fillet n. 1.
1791Cowper Iliad i. 34 Lest the garland of thy god And his bright sceptre should avail thee nought.
c. The wreath or crown conferred upon the victor in the Greek and Roman games, or upon the hero of any great exploit. Hence in phrases (chiefly fig.), to carry (away), gain, get, win, go away with (etc.) the garland = to be the victor in a contest, to gain the victory.
1500–20Dunbar Poems l. 20 At feistis and brydallis wpaland, He wan the gre, and the garland. 1587Golding De Mornay xii. 166 The Garlond of Oke, he giueth..to such as..first..enter the breach, or get vp vpon the wall of a Towne..assaulted. 1593Queen Elizabeth tr. Boeth. (E.E.T.S.) 81 As a Runner in a race has a guarland for which he ran, in rewarde. 1596Danett tr. Comines vi. ii. 206 When war beginneth in England, in ten daies or lesse the one or the other getteth the garland. 1606Holland Sueton. 2 At the winning of Mitylenæ, Thermvs honored him with a Civike guirland. 1615Crooke Body of Man 25 Galen hath wonne the Girlond from them all. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. v. xv. 420 Where one gaineth a garland of bayes, hundreds have had a wreath of hemp. 1658Rowland Moufet's Theat. Ins. 910 That [honey] which carries away the garland and is esteemed above the rest, is yellow. 1704Hearne Duct. Hist. (1714) I. 130 Yet perhaps he [Thucydides] has won the Garland from all those who have represented many and great affairs. 1725Coats Dict. Her. (1739) s.v. Crown, There were also among the Romans several sorts of Crowns, or Garlands, given to those who had perform'd some signal Services in War, and were known by the Names of Triumphal, Civick, Vallar, Mural, Naval, and Obsidional. 1865Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xiii. xiii. V. 130 Nor is Prince Karl's left wing gaining garlands just at this moment.
†d. as worn by a ‘May Queen’, or by girls as the prize of some kind of competition. Hence, the girl who wears a garland. Obs.
1691Dryden Beautiful Lady of May 4 The garland was given, and Phillis was queen. 1698Mem. St. Giles's (Surtees) 93 Given the Lasses with the Garling, 1s. 1701Ibid. Given to the Girle that had the Garland, 1s. 6d. 1704Ibid. 99 Given the Two Garlings, 2s. 1706Ibid. 101 Pd. the Garlands, 1s. 6d.
†e. fig. The principal ornament, the thing most prized, ‘glory’. Obs.
1591Spenser Ruins Rome L'Envoy, Bellay, first garland of free Poësie That France brought forth. ― M. Hubberd 1185 The Realmes chiefe strength & girlond of the Crowne. 1607Shakes. Cor. i. i. 188 You..call him Noble, that was now your Hate: Him vilde, that was your Garland. 1637B. Jonson Sad Sheph. iii. ii, Marian, and the gentle Robin Hood, Who are the crown and ghirland of the wood.
4. fig. A collection of short literary pieces, usually poems and ballads; an anthology, a miscellany.
[1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 24 To cast suche floures & sentences as we haue gathered of ho y fathers sayntes & doctours togyder, as in one fardell, or in maner of a garlande.] 1612R. Johnson (title), A Crowne-garland of Govlden Roses Gathered out of Englands royall garden. 1631T. D. (title), The Garland of Good Will..Containing many pleasant Songs, and prety poems, to sundry new Notes. 1633Rowley Match Midnt. ii. D iij a, These are out of ballads, She has all the Garland of good will by heart. 1663(title), Robin Hoods Garland; or delightfvl Songs. 1710Addison Whig Exam. No. 1 ⁋3 The new garland of riddles. 1765Percy Ess. Anc. Minstr., Reliques I. p. xxiii, In the reign of James I. they [Ballads] began to be collected into little Miscellanies, under the name of Garlands. 1864A. Bisset Omit. Chapt. Hist. Eng. 304 Besides their circulation in garlands, broadsheets, and miscellanies.
5. a. The representation of a garland in metal, stone, etc.
c1524Churchw. Acc. St. Mary Hill, London (Nichols 1797) 127 Playne with a cover gilt, with a rose and a garlent in the bodom. 1838Britton Dict. Archit., Garland..a wreath, or chaplet of branches, of foliage, or of flowers: also a sculptured representation of them on a frieze [etc.]. 1879H. Phillips Addit. Notes Coins 3 On the reverse a garland of olives encloses the words, Godt heeft ons bewaert.
b. Her. (See quot. 1882.)
1828–40Berry Encycl. Her. I, Garland, or Chaplet, is formed of a laurel, flowers, &c. 1864Boutell Her. Hist. & Pop. ix. 44 Garlands are quartered upon the..monument of Lord Bourchier. 1882Cussans Her. (ed. 3) 113 Chaplet or Garland. These terms are frequently, but erroneously, used to signify the same object. A Chaplet should be composed of four Roses, arranged at equal distances in a circle, the intervening spaces being filled up with leaves; and a Garland should be formed of laurel or oak leaves, interspersed with acorns.
6. Something that resembles a garland in circular form, or in the fact of surrounding another object.
a. Arch. (See quot. 1823.)
a1490Botoner Itin. (Nasmith 1778) 221 Latitudo de le garlond continet xi pedes. 1823Willson Gloss. Pugin's Spec. Goth. Archit., Garland, a band of ornamental work surrounding the top of a spire, tower, &c. 1849Weale Dict. Archit., Garland, an ornamental band used in Gothic work.
†b. Med. = circle n. 8. Obs.
1548Recorde Urin. Physick x. (1651) 81 Round about the edge of the urine there appeareth a garland, circle, or ring. 1625Hart Anat. Ur. ii. i. 51 The garland or vpper⁓most part of the vrine.
†c. A ring-like marking or band. Obs.
1578Lyte Dodoens ii. l. 210 There be other sortes of Narcissus founde, whose garland or circle in the middle of the flowers is white. 1673Lond. Gaz. No. 791/4 A Brown and White Spanniel..a White streak in the Forehead..with a Garland about the Neck.
d. Of a target (see quot.).
1847–78Halliwell, Garland, the ring in a target in which the prick or mark was set. 1867in Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.
7. Mining. (See quots.)
1819Rees Cycl., Garland..a spiral groove, made behind and in the stoning or ginging of a shaft, for collecting the water which oozes out of different strata. Ibid., Garland also signifies a broad hoop of iron, or a square frame of wood, which is used in coal-pits, to hold on the coals which are last heaped on the corves or gang-waggons. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining, Garland. [To the same effect as in Rees.]
8. Naut.
a. A band or collar of rope (or iron) used for various purposes;
b. (also Mil.) A receptacle for shot: see also shot-garland;
c. A kind of net (see quot. 1769).
a.1495Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 189 Aparell for the..maste ffeble..Garlandes of yron abought the mast hede. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn., Garland in a Ship is that Collar of Rope which is wound about the Head of the Mainmast to keep the Shrowds from galling. 1841R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 107 Garland, a large rope, strap or grommet, lashed to a spar when hoisting it on board. 1883W. C. Russell Sailors' Lang., Garlands, fastenings formed of small stuff, used in taking in and out a mast.
b.1697W. Dampier Voy. (1729) I. 543 The Shot tumbled out the Lockers and Garlands. c1850Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 147 Shot-lockers or garlands. Apartments built up in the hold to contain the shot. Also pieces of oak plank, fixed against the head-ledges and coamings of the hatch and ladder-ways, or against the side between the ports, to contain the shot. 1859F. A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (1862) 114 The round shot enclosed in a large grummet or garland. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Garland..in shore-batteries, a band, whether of iron or stone, to retain shot together in their appointed place.
c.1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1776), Garland, a sort of net..used by the sailors as a locker or cupboard to contain their provisions. 1867in Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.
9. attrib. and Comb., as garland-forest, garland-maker, garland-weaver, garland-wreath; garland-like adj. and adv.; garland-wise adv.; Garland Day, (see quots.); garland-flower, (a) a flower suited for making garlands, (b) (see quot. 1866); Garland Friday (see quots.); † garland-rose (see quot.); † garland-seam Anat., the coronal suture; Garland Sunday (see quots.); † garland-thorn, a name given by Gerarde to Paliurus aculeatus (Christ's Thorn), of which Christ's crown of thorns is supposed to have been made; garland-well, a well at which garlands were suspended as offerings.
1836A. E. Bray Descr. Tamar & Tavy II. xxx. 289 Amongst the little boys, this day [i.e. 29th May, date of the Restoration 1660] goes by the name of *garland day. 1959I. & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolch. xii. 262 At Abbotsbury in Dorset 13 May has long been ‘Garland Day’. The children customarily carry round a large flower garland on a pole, and show it at front doors.
1563T. Hill Art Garden. (1593) 158 Sundry posie and *Garland floures. 1866Treas. Bot. 520/1 Garland flower, a common name for Hedychium; also applied to Daphne Cneorum, Pleurandra Cneorum, and Erica persoluta. 1870Morris Earthly Par. III. iv. 296 A close of pot-herbs and of garland flowers Goes up the hill-side.
1818Byron Ch. Har. iv. cxliv, The *garland-forest, which the grey walls wear, Like laurels on the bald first Cæsar's head.
1960Cath. Herald 22 July 8/1 Hawkers will not be allowed..near Croagh Patrick from *Garland Friday [i.e. the Friday before Garland Sunday] until Reek Sunday.
1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 43 It..groweth round about and *garland like. 1824Miss Mitford Village Ser. i. (1863) 11 With..a crisp and garland-like richness.
1552Huloet, *Garland maker, stephanoplocus. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Chapelier, on chapeliére, a garland maker, a hatmaker, a stiller.
1635Swan Spec. M. (1644) 244 Rosemarie, which some call the *garland rose, or in Latine Rosmarinus coronaria.
1576Baker Jewell of Health 98 b, Anointed about the *garland seame, it taketh away all maner of payne and ache of the head.
1933Irish Press 31 July 1/7 For fourteen centuries pilgrims have come to Croagh Patrick on *Garland Sunday. 1955D. D. C. P. Mould Irish Pilgrimage ix. 134 Croagh Patrick attracts enormous crowds..the pilgrimage goes..on the last Sunday of July, the so-called Garland or Garlic Sunday.
1597Gerarde Herbal Table Eng. Names, *Garland Thorne, see Christes thorne.
1849E. C. Otté tr. Humboldt's Cosmos II. 465 note, The celebrated *Garland-weavers of Athens.
1897Daily News 20 Sept. 6/2 But besides curing and maleficent wells there were pin wells, *garland wells, and wishing wells.
1600Fairfax Tasso xx. xx. 5 From the bosome of the burning sonne Proceeded this, and *garland wise the same.
1634Milton Comus 850 For which the shepherds..throw sweet *garland wreaths into her stream.
▪ II. garland, v.|ˈgɑːlənd|
[f. garland n.]
1. trans. To form (flowers) into a garland. rare.
c1420Pallad. on Husb. viii. 120 Other garlande hem [leves] and so depende, Into the wyn so they go not to depe. 1813Shelley Q. Mab Ded. iii, Thine are these early wilding flowers Though garlanded by me.
2. To crown with a garland, to deck with garlands.
1593Drayton Sheph. Garl. iv. xxix, Thy Poesie is garlanded with Baye. 1605B. Jonson Masque Blackness Wks. (Rtldg.) 545/1 Their hair loose, and flowing, gyrlanded with sea grass. 1785Burns To Jas. Smith ix, Then fareweel hopes o' laurel-boughs, To garland my poetic brows! 1804J. Grahame Sabbath (1808) 84 When garlanding with flowers His helm. 1818Keats Endym. i. 110 A troop of little children garlanded. 1824Landor Imag. Conv. Wks. (1846) I. 23 Pat his hide forsooth! hug his neck, garland his horns! 1846Ruskin Mod. Paint. I. i. i. i. §5 They..have thought it enough to garland the tombstone when they had not crowned the brow.
b. said of the material which forms the garland.
1602Marston Ant. & Mel. v. Wks. 1856 I. 58 Let choyce delight Garland the browe of this tryumphant night. 1816L. Hunt Rimini ii. 33 Still from tree to tree the early vines Hung garlanding the way in amber lines. 1832Tennyson Œnone 99 The wandering ivy and vine..Ran riot, garlanding the gnarled boughs With bunch and berry and flower thro' and thro'. 1849James Woodman viii, A bough of Christmas holly, garlanding a boar's head on a high festival.
c. transf. in nonce-uses. To surround or deck as with a garland.
1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xxxvi, The Thames, here turreted with villas, and there garlanded with forests. 1820Keats Eve St. Agnes xxiv, A casement high and triple-arched there was, All garlanded with carven imageries. a1874Longfellow Hanging of Crane vi, I see the table..Garlanded with guests. 1881J. Grant Cameron. I. iv. 58 A thatched edifice, garlanded round with dead wild-cats.
Hence ˈgarlanded ppl. a.
1862M. Hopkins Hawaii 91 When the priests..were preparing to sacrifice to them the garlanded ox. 1871Daily Tel. 6 Nov., The May-pole is wholly defunct. No milkmaids dance with garlanded pails on their heads. 1880Ouida Moths II. 33 Her bed of white satin, embroidered with garlanded roses. |