| 释义 |
tumour, tumor|ˈtjuːmə(r)|
[a. L. tumor, -ōrem, swollen state, a swelling, f. tum-ēre to swell; cf. OF. tumour (14th c. in Godef. Compl.).]
†1. The action, or an act, of swelling; distension, increase of bulk; swollen condition. Obs.
1541R. Copland Galyen's Terap. 2 A iv, The..flesshe..whan with the euyl qualyte it hath tumour agaynst nature. 1609Holland Amm. Marcell. xxv. iv. 267 The tumor of his veines and arteries stopped his spirits. 1671R. Bohun Wind (Contents), The suddain tumours in the Lake of Geneva. 1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard., Refl. Agric. xix. 72 This Distension or Tumor of such typed Branches.
2. concr. A part rising above or projecting beyond the general level or surface; a swollen part or object; a swelling. Now rare or Obs. exc. as in 3.
In quot. 1678 applied to anything having bulk, i.e. occupying space.
1601Holland Pliny viii. xlv. I. 225 [The cattle] of Caria..are illfavoured to be seen, having between their necks & shoulders a tumor or swelling hanging over. 1647H. More Song of Soul Notes 151/2 The tumour [of water] at B is bigger then that at A. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. i. v. §3. 780 There are..two kinds of Substances in the universe; the first corporeal,..are nothing but ὄγκοι, bulks, or tumours, devoid of all self-active power; the second incorporeal..are ἄογκοι δυνάµεις, substantial powers. 1692Bentley Boyle Lect. 111 A like ferment makes notable tumours and ventricles. 1847W. E. Steele Field Bot. 13 Style..thickened beneath its branches, and often fringed at the tumour.
3. a. An abnormal or morbid swelling or enlargement in any part of the body of an animal or plant; an excrescence; a tumefaction. Now usually in restricted sense: see b.
[1541: cf. 1.] 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxxii. §18 To helpe the tumors which alwaies fulnes breedeth. a1601? Marston Pasquil & Kath. ii. 61 The gowt causeth a great tumour in a mans legs. 1692Bentley Boyle Lect. iv. 136 Tumors and Excrescences of Plants..made by such Insects. 1758Gooch Cases Surg. 17 A Species of tumor called by the common people the Mumps. 1874Lubbock Orig. & Met. Ins. i. 10 To produce a tumour or gall.
b. spec. A permanent circumscribed morbid swelling, consisting in a new growth of tissue, without inflammation.
phantom tumour: see phantom 8.
1804Abernethy Surg. Obs. 6, I shall restrict the surgical signification of the word ‘Tumour’ to such swellings as arise from some new production. 1807–26S. Cooper First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 428 The tumour being removed, the surgeon should examine the interior of the wound... He should also examine the surface of every scirrhous tumour, immediately it is taken out. 1870H. Maudsley Body & Mind 184 Certain colloid tumours have the structure of the umbilical cord. 1878T. Bryant Pract. Surg. (1879) II. 28 Tumours of the pharynx or tonsils are occasionally met with.
†4. fig.
a. ‘Swelling’ of passion, pride, or the like; the condition of being ‘puffed up’; haughtiness, arrogance, vain-glory; inflated pride or conceit. Obs.
1600Heywood 1st Pt. Edw. IV Wks. 1874 I. 5 If you resist this tumour of her will. 1636Wotton Let. to Q. of Bohemia in Reliq. (1651) 394 There is in him no tumour, no sowrenesse,..but a quiet mind. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 98 ⁋11 The tumour of insolence, or petulance of contempt. 1778Sir J. Reynolds Disc. viii. (1876) 444 The tumour of this presumptuous loftiness.
b. Turgidity of language, style, or deportment; affected grandeur; bombast: = tumidity b. Obs.
a1639Wotton Parallel Essex & Buckhm. (1641) 8 His Stile was..rich of praise [1651 phrase],..and so farre from Tumor that it rather wanted a little Elevation. 1652J. Hall Height of Eloquence p. v, It appears one of the nicest cautions in all Speech to beware of Tumour. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 105 ⁋4 A slow pace, and tumour of dignity. 1840De Quincey Style i. Wks. 1860 XI. 204 Better to be flippant, than by a revolting habit of tumour and perplexity [etc.].
c. Something vain or empty; a ‘bubble’. Obs.
1629Massinger Picture i. i, Nor is it in me mere desire of fame..that puts on my armour: Such airy tumours take not me. 1662Royal Trade of Fishing 15, I present you with no Chimeraes or tumors, toyes to please Children.
5. attrib. and Comb., as tumour-cell, tumour-formation, tumour growth, tumour-mass, tumour symptom, etc.; tumour-like adj.; tumour virus, a virus that causes tumours.
1880Barwell Aneurism 116 Tumor symptoms on the left side of the chest. 1889J. M. Duncan Clin. Lect. Dis. Women ii. (ed. 4) 5 A rounded soft, tumour-like mass. 1898J. Hutchinson in Arch. Surg. IX. No. 36. 295 Multiple Fractures..with Tumour Growths. [1934Lancet 21 July 117/2 Neutralising antibodies can be shown to be formed against fowl-tumour viruses.] 1950Amer. Jrnl. Med. VIII. 495/2 There is no proof that tumor viruses are of a different nature from other viruses. 1982Sci. Amer. Mar. 69/3 Some tumor viruses are oncogenic (that is, they induce tumors) only in animals that are not their host in nature, whereas other tumor viruses are oncogenic in their natural host.
Hence † tumoured, tumored |ˈtjuːməd| a., obs., affected with tumour or swelling, swollen (lit. and fig.): const. as adj. or pa. pple.
1635Heywood Hierarch. vi. 362 By his poys'nous draught which life expel'd I might behold his legs tumor'd and swell'd. 1639Junius Sin Stigm. 50 Such an one..seldome unbuttons his tumored breast. 1647Trapp Comm. Matt. xix. 23 The greatest wealth..tumoured up with the greatest swelth of rebellion.
Add:[5.] tumour-inducing a.
1942Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. XXVIII. 469 Evidence is presented..that tissue fragments from such experimentally induced tumors retain undiminished their *tumor-inducing capacity upon transplantation. 1974Nature 8 Nov. 169/2 Here we determine whether the large plasmids present in crown gall-inducing Agrobacteria are essential to the tumour-inducing capacity of such strains.
ˈtumoural a., of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a tumour.
1949in New Gould Med. Dict., Tumoral. 1956Nature 10 Mar. 479/2 (caption) Fibrous tumoral effect. 1988Cancer Surveys VII. 453 New biological markers which will allow the detection of..these precancerous lesions capable of tumoural development. |