| 释义 |
▪ I. ‖ tuna1|ˈtuna|
Also 7–8 in anglicized form tune.
[According to Humboldt, taken from Haitian into Spanish: see quot. 1852.]
= Indian fig 1, prickly pear; esp. opuntia tuna, a tall-growing species found in Central America and the West Indies, and introduced elsewhere.
1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 228 Wyld plantes..which I haue not seene but in the Ilande of Hispaniola... These they caule Tunas. They growe of a thistle full of thornes, and brynge foorth a frute muche lyke vnto great fygges. 1614Purchas Pilgrimage viii. vii. (ed. 2) 774 A kind of fruit called Tune, of the bignes of an egge, black and of good tast. a1715Tate tr. Cowley's Plants v. C.'s Wks. 1721 III. 411 The Tuna to the Indian-Fig a kin, (The Glory of Tlascalla) next came in. 1760–72tr. Juan & Ulloa's Voy. (ed. 3) I. 325 The leaf of the tuna being broad, flat, and prickly. [1852Th. Ross Humboldt's Trav. I. 328 The following are Haytian words, in their real form, which have passed into the Castilian language since the end of the 15th century... Tuna.] 1866Treas. Bot. 818 Tuna is a Spanish-American name given to several Opuntias, but botanists have adopted it as the..name of a single species, O. Tuna, a native..from Quito to Mexico and the West Indies.
attrib.
1911Dundee Advertiser 12 Apr. 12/1 San Luis Potosi had long been the great *tuna cheese market of Mexico... The cheese is made by simply boiling and straining the tuna pulp until the proper consistency is reached.
1748Earthquake of Peru iii. 210 These they call Higas de Tuna, or *Tuna Figs.
1912R. B. C. Graham in Eng. Rev. May 229 The great trumpet-shaped and dark red fleshy *tuna flowers.
▪ II. tuna2
(ˈtjuːnə, ‖ ˈtuna)
[Spanish American: perh. related to L. thunnus, tunnus, tunny, cf. med.L. tunnina ‘thunnus falsus’ false tunny (Du Cange).]
a. Any of several large marine food and game fishes of the family Scombridæ, belonging to the genus Thunnus, Euthynnus, Katsuwonus, or a closely related genus and found in Atlantic, Pacific, and Mediterranean seas. Cf. skipjack n.4, ton4, and tunny.
1881Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. IV. 45 Another Orcynus, known as the ‘tuna’, exists about Santa Cruz Island. 1900Westm. Gaz. 29 June 8/1 The tuna, one of the gamest fighting fish for its size in the sea. 1901Field 23 Nov. 812/2 There is no doubt whatever as to the identity of the horse mackerel of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the tuna of Catalina, and the thon, thuna, or tunny of the Mediterranean. 1911Chambers's Jrnl. Jan. 63/2 My Californian friends might well possess their disappointed souls in patience if there were any promise of such compensation..for the loss of the tuna. 1949Manch. Guardian Weekly 24 Mar. 11/2 Water you can't swim in, and good tuna and jacks you can't eat. 1970Nature 19 Dec. 1141/2 Tuna is a fisheries term for the larger tunny species.
b. attrib., as tuna bait, tuna boat, tuna fisherman, tuna fishing, tuna fleet, tuna meat, tuna packer, tuna packing, tuna salad, tuna sandwich, tuna school; tuna clipper U.S., a powered fishing boat with facilities for catching and storing small fish; tuna fish, the flesh of the tunny as food.
1901McClure's Mag. Feb. 370/1 Vincente..is just taking the *tuna bait from his gill-nets. 1968National Fisherman July 18-c/2 Much squid was used for tuna bait.
1903C. F. Holder Big Game Fishes iv. 59 The *tuna boats of Catalina Island are designed for the purpose. 1956Fishery Bull. LVII. 195/1 (heading) Grounds fished by tuna boats operating in the Inner South Seas.
1929Pacific Fisherman Sept. 39/1 The 100-ft *tuna clipper ‘Enterprise’ was driven ashore. 1970National Fisherman Sept. 1-b/2 A tuna clipper is a vessel equipped to carry small fish alive for use as bait; capable of being trimmed in such a way as to bring her stern rail as low as possible in the water; and fitted with a system which permits her to hold her catch for long periods of time.
1917M. Green Better Meals for Less Money xvi. 130 (heading) *Tuna fish salad. 1922Guardian 27 June 6/2 Tinned goods..are the most suitable for storing... 1 tin ‘tuna’ fish or crayfish. 1978Amer. Poetry Rev. Nov./Dec. 16/3 To a tunafish gray on a bruised, greenish blue. 1982J. Gardner For Special Services viii. 64 Tuna fish sandwiches were hardly Bond's style.
1919Pacific Fisherman Yearbk. 64/2 The *tuna fishermen return to port each evening.
1901McClure's Mag. Feb. 370/1 The rods and reels in *tuna fishing are of the finest description. 1926G. Frankau My Unsentimental Journey xvii. 222 His hobby—he told me at once—is tuna-fishing. 1980Times 4 Nov. 18/4 [In Peru] tuna fishing..has now virtually ended.
1932M. Miller I cover Waterfront xvii. 97 The only people who know of him are the two men who live on the island and the crews and skippers of the *tuna fleet. 1968National Fisherman Apr. 2-a/2 Commander, a steel hulled, 20-year-old veteran of the Southern California tuna fleet, sank off Mexico.
1923A. Ward Encycl. Food 537 Very little *tuna meat is sold fresh in our markets. 1951Tressler & Lemon Marine Products of Commerce (ed. 2) xx. 448 A machine for molding blocks of tuna meat the exact size for the can is in operation in some canneries.
1922Pacific Fisherman May 43/1 Prominent *tuna packers. Ibid., Mr. Ambrose was one of the organizers of the first tuna packing plant in California. 1967Commerical Fisheries Rev. Nov. 64/2 Japanese tuna packers..switched from fruit canning to tuna packing in September.
1953Special Sci. Rep. (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Fisheries) No. 104. 32 [Chunk tuna] was especially suited to the preparation of *tuna salads. 1977C. McFadden Serial (1978) xiii. 32/2 He left Fred's, absent-mindedly leaving her to pay for his tuna salad special.
1957Heseltine & Dow New Basic Cook Bk. 718 (heading) *Tuna sandwiches. 1977C. McCarry Secret Lovers iii. 42 The passenger compartment of the BMW smelled..of bay rum, Brylcreem, tuna sandwiches.
1930Pacific Fisherman Apr. 41/1 In search of distant *tuna schools. 1967Trans. Amer. Fisheries Soc. XCVI. 127/1 Purse seines capture only about half the number of tuna schools upon which they are set.
▪ III. ‖ tuna3|ˈtʊna|
[Maori name.]
Either of two freshwater eels, Anguilla dieffenbachii or A. australis schmidtii, found in New Zealand.
1843E. Dieffenbach Trav. N.Z. II. iii. 389/2 Tuna, eel. 1851J. C. Richmond Let. 25 Mar. in Richmond–Atkinson Papers (1960) I. ii. 79 They set off..to catch crawfish & tuna, the eels of the country. 1895Funk's Standard Dict., Tuna, the common eel..of New Zealand. 1898Morris Austral Eng. s.v. Eel, New Zealand Eels... Tuna E[el], Anguilla aucklandii. 1966Encycl. N.Z. I. 565/1 These are the common freshwater eels called tuna by the Maoris. |