| 释义 |
Turanian, n. and a.|tjʊˈreɪnɪən|
[f. Pers. Turān, name of the realm beyond the Oxus, used by Firdusi c 1000 in opposition to Irān or Persia.
In 1840 Pott (Ersch & Gruber II. xviii. 1) contrasts Turan with arisch (Aryn).]
A. n.
1. A member of any of the races speaking the ‘Turanian’ or Ural-Altaic languages: see B.
1777J. Richardson Dict. Persian, etc., Dissert. p. xxx/2 The Tartars, Scythians, or Turanians. 1788Asiatick Researches I. 7 A Turanian pronunciation. 1841J. C. Prichard Res. Physical Hist. Mankind (ed. 3) III. i. 16 A great number of roots are thus to be traced in several of the Turanian languages. 1854Bunsen Christianity IV. 26 The native religion of the Turanian is Shamanism. 1861Hulme tr. Moquin-Tandon i. v. 32 Turanians: Physiognomy: Mongol. Language: Agglutinate. Area: Mongolia, Mantshuria. 1888G. Smith S. Hislop vii. (1889) 182 Brahmanism assimilated to itself the cults of the Turanians and Sudras.
2. The so-called Turanian languages collectively.
1836J. C. Prichard Res. Physical Hist. Mankind (ed. 3) I. iv. 267 The skulls of the Esquimaux..bring them into the same class of human races with the Kalmuk and other Turanian nations. 1908Christian Express 1 Apr. 59/1 He states that in Bantu, as in Turanian (by-the-bye, we would be thankful to know what is Turanian) there is a regular phonetic interchange k = p = b = f = d!
B. adj.
1. Applied loosely to a group or supposed ‘family’ of languages, originally applied to all or nearly all of Asiatic origin that are neither Aryan nor Semitic; in later use nearly = Ural-Altaic.
1854Bunsen Christianity VI. 64 All the languages of Asia and Europe which are neither Semitic nor Arian. I ventured in 1847 to write all these under the name Turanian. 1860Farrar Orig. Lang. 199 Languages which belong to neither of these two..families have been classed together under the name of the Turanian, Nomadic, or Allophylian family. 1865― Chapt. Lang. 29 Various sporadic families, which some would call Turanian. 1892Whitney Max Müller 49 The old ‘Turanian’ aggregation, which..has for a generation been a stumbling-block in the way of science.
2. Applied to the peoples speaking these languages.
1859Max Müller Sc. Lang. (1861) I. 276 The name Turanian is used in opposition to Aryan and is applied to the nomadic races of Asia as opposed to the agricultural or Aryan races. 1874Bancroft Footpr. Time i. 30 Turanian means ‘outside’, or ‘barbarian’. 1890J. G. Frazer Gold. Bough (1913) I. iv. 179 The Magyars belong to the great Turanian family of mankind.
Hence Tuˈranianism, the principle of uniting speakers of Turanian or Ural-Altaic languages (esp. Turkish); cf. pan-Turanianism s.v. pan- 1.
192219th Cent. Nov. 835 The seeming paradox of the Bolshevist régime cementing Islamism and Turanianism in a widespread brotherhood. |