| 释义 |
geometry|dʒiːˈɒmɪtrɪ|
Forms: 4–6 gemetry, (4 -ttry, -trie, 5 -trye, gemytre, gem-, ghem-, jematry, -trye, gemeotre), 4–7 geometrie, (5 -trye, gewmatry, 6 geomatry, 7 gymitrie), 5– geometry, (8 vulgar jommetry).
[a. F. géométrie, a. L. geōmetria, a. Gr. γεωµετρία, f. γεω-, comb. form of γῆ earth + -µετρία measuring.]
1. a. The science which investigates the properties and relations of magnitudes in space, as lines, surfaces, and solids.
In early quots. geometry is chiefly regarded as a practical art of measuring and planning, and is mainly associated with architecture.
13..Seuyn Sag. (W.) 185 Musike, and astronomie, Geometrie, and arsmetrike. 1390Gower Conf. III. 90 Geometrie, Through which a man hath the sleight Of length, of brede, of depth, of height. c1400Destr. Troy 8394 Foure ymages full fresshe, all of fyn gold..With gematry Iustly aioynet to gedur. c1450Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 189 Also of augrim & of asmatryk Of lynyacion that longeth to jematrye. 1513Bradshaw St. Werburge ii. 605 They sende for masons vpon euery syde, Counnynge in geometrie. 1547Boorde Brev. Health Pref. 2 b, Every phisicion ought..to have Geomatry to ponder and way the dregges or porcions the whiche ought to be ministred. 1570Dee Math. Pref. 16 Geometrie..is the Arte of Measuring sensible magnitudes, their iust quantities and contentes. 1631R. Byfield Doctr. Sabb. 10 This is a plaine non-sequitur, and can not hold together by all the Geometry in the World. 1726tr. Gregory's Astron. I. ii. 289 'Tis certain from Geometry, that thirteen Spheres can touch and surround one in the middle equal to them. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 673 Geometry is that branch of mathematics which treats of the description and properties of magnitudes in general. 1876Tait Rec. Adv. Phys. Sci. i. (ed. 2) 4 Geometry, which may be designated the science of pure space.
transf.1674S. Vincent Yng. Gallant's Acad. 98 A man he is well poized in all humours, in whom nature shewed most Geometry. 1874Edin. Rev. No. 285. 174 The geometry of the human form, as conceived by Phidias.
b. Applied to the relative arrangement of objects or constituent parts, as specified by geometrical quantities.
1933H. B. Howard Stresses in Aeroplane Structures viii. 175 The loads in such frames do not depend on the elastic properties of the members, provided only that the extensions of those members do not materially alter the geometry of the frame. 1934Physical Rev. XLV. 598/1 Earlier results..showed the same trend.., but with a slightly lower value of collision area, as would be expected from the geometry. 1955Rev. Sci. Instr. XXVI. 126/1 This was a ‘good geometry’ experiment, so that an aperture of, say, 90 percent of the total opening gave a photo⁓cell reading of 80 percent. 1962Jrnl. Geophys. Res. LXVII. 5077/2 Next, we consider the geometry of the experiment... The spin axis of the spacecraft..was at an angle of approximately 52·50° to the z axis... At the same time, the angle between..the projection of the spin vector in the xy plane and the positive x direction was 43°. 1970Sci. Jrnl. Apr. 56 (caption) Leyland 2S/350R powerplant is here illustrated in the form of exterior and cutaway views, slightly simplified but having the correct geometry. 1971E. Afr. Standard (Nairobi) 10 Apr. 8/6 Suspension is fully independent all round, incorporating automatic ride-height control and anti-lift geometry.
†2. In etymological sense: The art of measuring ground. Obs.
1588Fraunce Lawiers Log. i. i. 4 Geometrie (teacheth) to measure ground, not to purchase grounde. 1614Raleigh Hist. World ii. (1634) 272 For Geometry, which is by interpretation measuring of grounds, was usefull unto them. 1621G. Sandys Ovid's Met. i. (1626) 4 The Ground, as common earst as Light, or Aire, By limit-giuing Geometrie they share.
†3. to hang by geometry: app., to hang in a stiff, angular fashion (said of clothes). Obs.
1622Fletcher Span. Curate iii. ii, And the old Cutworke Cope, that hangs by Gymitrie. 1633Rowley Match at Midnt. iii. i, Looke yee, here's Iarvis hangs by Geometry, and here's the Gentleman. 1661Davenport City Nt.-Cap iv. 37, I am a Pander, a Rogue, that hangs together, like a beggers rags, by geometry. 1738Swift Pol. Conv. i. 85 Miss. Lord! my Petticoat! how it hangs by Jommetry. Neverout. Perhaps the Fault may be in your Shape. |