| 释义 |
Tuscan, a. and n.|ˈtʌskən|
Also 6 Tuskan(e, Thuscane, 6–7 Tuscane, 6–8 Thuscan; 6 Toscane, Thoscan, -kan, 7 Toscan.
[= F. Tuscan, -ane, It. Toscano, ad. late L. Tuscān-us of or belonging to the Tuscī or Thuscī, a people of ancient Italy (called also Etruscī Etruscans), pl. of Tuscus adj. and n., an ethnic name.]
A. adj.
a. In reference to ancient times = Etruscan a.
b. Of or pertaining to Tuscany, formerly a grand duchy, having Florence as its capital; now a region of the Italian Republic, nearly corresponding to the ancient Etruria.
a.1513Douglas æneis xi. xii. 3 The Tuscane Dukis and horsmen. 1552Huloet, Tuskan tongue or language. 1587W. Fowler Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 100 Also Horatius that did alone defend the bridge aganis the Thoskan force. 1600Holland Pliny ix. 340 He was taught the Tuscane learning and knowledge. 1649Ogilby Virg. Georg. i. (1684) 72 Great Vesta, Romulus, and Patriot Gods, Who guard Imperial Rome, and Tuscan Floods. 1706Smith in Hearne Collect. 14 Dec. (O.H.S.) I. 312 The old Thuscan language. 1843Macaulay Horatius xxxv, The Tuscan army, Right glorious to behold.
b.1588Kyd Househ. Phil. Wks. (1901) 263 Therefore was it well sayde of that Thoscan Poet [Petrarch]. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v. Italian, The Tuscan is usually preferred to the other Dialects. 1841W. Spalding Italy & It. Isl. II. 171 All the Tuscan towns yield in interest to the classic city [Florence] which became their chief. 1841–4Emerson Ess., Art Wks. (Bohn) I. 149 The pictures of the Tuscan and Venetian Masters. 1886Pater Appreciations (1890) 158 The delicate..sculpture of the early Tuscan school.
c. Arch. Name of the simplest and rudest of the five classical orders of architecture; allied to the Doric (of which it is by many considered a simpler form), but devoid of all ornament; belonging to this order, as a Tuscan pillar.
1563Shute Archit. C iv, I haue more at large spoken of this matter in the ending of the Tuscan piller. 1624Wotton Archit. i. in Reliq. (1651) 228 The Tuscan is a plain, massie, rurall Pillar, resembling some sturdy well-limb'd Labourer, homely clad. Ibid. 230 The Tuscan is of all the rudest Pillar, and his Principall Character Simplicity. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v., Of all the Orders, the Tuscan is the most easily executed; as having neither Triglyphs nor Dentils, nor Modillions to confine its Intercolumns. 1801Ranken Hist. France I. i. v. 446 The Tuscan was more robust and unadorned than any of these orders [Doric, Ionian, and Corinthian]. 1851Ruskin Stones Ven. I. App. vii. 359 Another order, called Tuscan (which is no order at all, but a spoiled Doric).
d. Applied to a method of plaiting the fine wheaten straw grown in Tuscany for hats, bonnets, etc.; also to the golden yellow colour of this (see sense B. d below). Cf. Leghorn 1. Also Tuscan grass, Tuscan hat.
1830in A. Adburgham Shops & Shopping (1964) iv. 38 Chip and Tuscan Hats. 1833in Ibid. 40 A new bonnet, composed of Tuscan Grass and prepared whalebone. 1834McCulloch Dict. Comm. (ed. 2) 629 The Tuscan plait..largely imported, and made up into bonnets in this country. 1842Penny Cycl. XXIII. 222/2 Men..employed in drabbets and Tuscan plait at Haverhill [Suffolk]. 1882Caulfeild & Saward Dict. Needlework 504 Tuscan straw work, finely plaited straw of wheat, having a delicate and slender stalk, and golden hue; growing in Tuscany, and manufactured into circular ‘flats’, for hat and bonnet.
B. n.
a. = Etruscan n.b. A native or inhabitant of mediæval or modern Tuscany.
a.1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 435 Eneas afterward was kyng of eiþer kyngdom of Latyns and of Tuscans. Ibid. III. 159 He ouercame þe Vulces..and made pees wiþ Tuscans. c1425Wyntoun Cron. iv. 149 He knyt hym to þe Tuskanys, And warrayide wiþe þaim þe Romanys. 1533Bellenden Livy i. xx. (S.T.S.) 117 King tarquyne.. renewit þe bond of confederacion with tuskanis. 1600Holland Livy ix. 340 The Romanes having slaine many thousands of the Tuscanes, gained thirtie eight ensignes of the field. 1770Langhorne Plutarch (1851) I. 158/2 The Gauls expelled the Tuscans. 1843Macaulay Horatius xliii, He eyed the flinching Tuscans, And scorn was in his eye.
b.1633Massinger Guardian ii. v, The lusty girl of France, the sober German,..The Roman libertine, and sprightful Tuscan. 1857J. F. Maguire Rome xxi. 245 Tuscans only, or their descendants to the third generation, are received into the society. 1901M. Carmichael In Tuscany i. 9 Certainly the Tuscan has some real love of the Englishman.
c. The language of Tuscany, regarded as the classical form of Italian.
1568(title) The Fearfull Fansies of the Florentine Couper: Written in Toscane, by Iohn Baptista Gelli..and..translated into English by W. B[arker]. 1671J. Gailhard Pres. St. Italy (ed. 2) 173 The right Italian language, or Toscan, as they usually call it, is very Sententious. 1817Byron Beppo xxxi, He knew..French and Tuscan. 1906Hibbert Jrnl. Apr. 583 Their language is the purest Tuscan of the golden age of the Italian Vernacular.
d. The golden-yellow colour of Tuscan straw.
1887Daily News 11 Jan. 3/1 Tiring of that novelty the public called for other colours, and tuscan, apricot, coffee, and beige followed in quick succession. 1912T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Spring & Summer 3/3 Draped Toque..Colors Black, Navy or Tuscan, with corded silk in colors to harmonize. 1923Daily Mail 16 Apr. 1 Colours:..Old Gold, Tuscan, Mastic.
C. Comb., as Tuscan-coloured adj. (of the colour of Tuscan straw, Tuscan-like adj. or adv.; Tuscan lamb, a variety of processed lambskin, used mainly to make headwear; † Tuscan-top, applied sarcastically to a style of hair-dressing.
1581G. Pettie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. ii. (1586) 65 If it be lawfull for me to write Tuscane like, why..not..likewise..to speake Tuscane like? 1601B. Jonson Poetaster iii. i, These high gable-ends, these tuscane-tops. 1905Westm. Gaz. 8 Mar. 8/2 Such a hat would be very dainty in a..Tuscan-coloured straw with Saxe blue ribbon velvet. 1956,1962[see Lucca]. 1970Guardian 24 Nov. 9/4 A Tuscan Lamb Hat (in black or white) complete with ear muffs.
Hence † Tuˈscanic a. [ad. L. Tuscānic-us] = sense A. c; ˈTuscanish a. = sense A. b; ˈTuscanism, Tuscan style or character; a Tuscan idiom or phrase; ˈTuscanize v., (a) intr. to become Tuscan; (b) trans. to make Tuscan; (c) intr. to speak in the Italian of Florence or Tuscany.
1601Holland Pliny xxxvi. xxiii. II. 595 Such pillars as beare in compasse.., as much as..the sixt part of the height, be called Dorique:.. such as have a seventh part, be *Tuscanique.
1580G. Harvey Let. to Spenser Wks. (Grosart) I. 84 Not a looke but [is] *Tuscanish alwayes.
Ibid., Since Galateo came in, and *Tuscanisme gan vsurpe. 1593― Pierce's Super. ibid. II. 19 The glory of our English Eloquence, and our vulgar Tuscanisme (if I may so terme it). 1596Nashe Saffron Walden Wks. (Grosart) III. 90 He would needs crosse the seas to fetch home two penniworth of Tuscanisme. 1906Athenæum 2 June 664/3 The Tuscanism ‘si domanda’.
a1618Sylvester Epistles vii. 13 When every thing now *Tuskanizeth so, That nothing is the same it is in show. 1768Baretti Mann. & Cust. Italy I. 161 His language is the most nauseous medley..taken from several of the Italian dialects, and tuscanized in a most ridiculous manner. 1905Athenæum 8 Apr. 431/1 The Genoese who blames his Tuscanizing friend for saying ‘arimmetica’ in place of aritemetica. |