| 释义 |
▪ I. gest, n.1|dʒɛst|
Forms: 3–5, 8–9 geste, (4–6 jeste), 4–5 geest, (4 jeest), 6 Sc. geist, 4– gest, (4–7 jest). See also jest.
[a. OF. geste, jeste (fem.), action, exploit (chiefly pl.), romance; ad. L. gesta actions, exploits, neut. pl. of gestus, pa. pple. of gerĕre to carry on (war, etc.), perform.]
1. pl. Notable deeds or actions, exploits (later also sing., a deed, exploit); esp. the deeds of a person or people as narrated or recorded, history. Obs. exc. arch.
There seems to be no certain example in ME. of the sing. gest = an action. In the passages quoted by Mätzner from the Destruction of Troy (620, 3286) the alliteration proves that the g is hard, and the words are really gift (gyfte misread as gyste) and guest.
a1300Cursor M. 123, I sal..tell sum gestes principale; For all may na man haue in talle. a1340Hampole Psalter xlvii. 12 That ȝe tell..til all þat will here þe gestis of halymen. c1350Will. Palerne 2780 Þe hert..fayn was a-way to fle for fere of mo gestes. a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 40 Hit is conteyned in the gestis of Athenes that there was an holy hermite. 1494Fabyan Chron. v. lxxvi. 55 Turpinus that wrote the Gestes of the great Charles, saythe [etc.]. 1534Whitinton Tullyes Offices i. (1540) 35 The noble iestes at home by policy be not inferyor to the valyaunt actes in warre. 1558T. Phaer æneid i. B iij, He seeth among them all the iestes of Troy, and stories all And wars. 1591Spenser M. Hubberd 978 Fond Ape..into whose brest Never crept thought of honor, nor brave gest. a1656Ussher Ann. vi. (1658) 121 [Diodorus] hudling together the gests of 2 years into one [etc.]. 1762–71H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) I. 35 He had..rather employ master William and Edward of Westminster to paint the gestes of the kings of Antioch. 1816Monthly Mag. XLII. 326 He also wrote De Re Navali, and a poem on his father's gests. 1834Sir H. Taylor 2nd Pt. Artevelde v. iii, I..put to sea, Errant for geste and enterprise of wit. 1844Mrs. Browning L.E.L.'s Last Quest. iv, When knightly gestes and courtly pageantries Were broken in her visionary eyes. 1876Besant & Rice Gold. Butterfly xxxvii, Her bosom heaved when she heard of heroic gest.
b. In general sense: Action, performance. rare.
c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 857 Now have y shewyd yow, my son, somewhat of dyuerse Iestis þat ar remembred in lordes courte þere as all rialte restis.
2. A story or romance in verse: also simply (in later use), a story, tale. in gest = in verse, in the manner of a metrical romance. the English gest, the French gest: metrical chronicles of England, of France. Obs. exc. Hist.
a1300K. Horn 522 Murie was þe feste Al of faire gestes. a1300Havelok 2328 Þer mouthe men se..Romanz reding on þe bok; Þer mouthe men here þe gestes singe. 13..K. Alis. 30 Now pais holdith..And ye schole here a noble jeste, Of Alisaundre, theo riche kyng. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 38 After þe Bretons þe Inglis camen, þe lordschip of þis land þai namen..þat calle men now þe Inglis gest. c1386Chaucer Melib. Prol. 15 Lat se wher thou kanst tellen aught in geeste Or telle in prose somwhat at the leeste. c1400Mandeville (1839) xx. 220 Mynstrelles, that syngen Songes and tellen Gestes. 14..Sir Beues (MS. N) 4313 + 245 Men tellith bothe in gest & ryme, Thei were leide in maner of shryne. c1440Partonope 405 Thus tellyth now the french geest. 1494Fabyan Chron. vii. ccxxxviii. 278 The bonys of King Arture, and his wyfe Gueynour..were founden by a synger of gestys. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lviii. 4 Ay is the ouir-word of the geist, Giff thame the pelffe to pairt amang thame. 1565Golding Ovid's Met. vii. (1593) 180 Duke Cephal weeping told this tale to Phocus and the rest, Whose eies were also moist with teares to heare the piteous jest. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. I. 69 2 The tales of Robin Hood, or the gests written by Ariost the Italian in his booke intituled Orlando furioso. 1828–40Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) I. 298 We know..that there were gests and historic ballads written upon the story of Wallace. 1858Doran Crt. Fools 89 The harper probably only accompanied the reciter of the Gest.
†3.
a. A satirical utterance, lampoon.
b. An idle tale. Obs. with this spelling: for examples of the later use (16–19th c.) see jest n.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 315 Þere [in Sicily] was commedya, song of gestes, firste i-founde. Ibid. IV. 229 Cithero made gestes in blame of Salustius [L. invectiones]. c1470Henry Wallace vi. 93 Fy on fortoun, fy on thi frewall quehyll:..His plesance her till him was bot a gest.
▪ II. † gest, n.2 Obs. rare.
[a. OF. geste.]
Race, kind, family; company.
13..K. Alis. 6413 Ther byside, on the north-est, Buth men off selcouthe gest. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8917 Þen dide þe kyng make somons Of bischopes, erles, & barons, & oþer lordes of þe nobleste [v.r. folk of noble geste]. ― Chron. (1810) 315 Þei & all þer geste þat dome salle doute & rew.
▪ III. gest, n.3 Obs. exc. arch.|dʒɛst|
Also 6, 9 geste, 6 jest.
[ad. F. geste, ad. L. gestus, masc. (u-stem) gesture, bearing, f. gerĕre to bear, deport (oneself).]
1. Bearing, carriage, mien.
1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 19 Ye fooles..Of euill behauiour, gest and countenaunce. 1568Knt. of Courtesy 394 He went..With wofull mone and sory jest. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. viii. 8 Him needed not instruct..how to speake, ne how to use his gest. 1844Mrs. Browning Vis. Poets xcv, Look and geste Of buried saint, in risen rest. 1890Cornh. Mag. June 638 You eat and drink with mincing geste.
2. A movement of a limb; an action, gesture.
a1521Helyas in Thoms Prose Rom. (1858) III. 65 Well manered in all his gestes. 1534Whitinton Tullyes Offices i. (1540) 85 Some iests [L. gestus] of players be not without follyes. 1683D. A. Art Converse 6 That outward and proud Behaviour either in Gests or Speech. 1717Garth tr. Ovid's Met. xiv. Appulus, The bold Buffoon..Their Motion mimicks, but with Gests obscene. 1781Justamond Priv. Life Lewis XV, IV. 181 Count Lally, whom the Chancellor pointed out by a gest [orig. d'un geste] to the King. 1844Mrs. Browning Rom. Page xxxv, Had the knight looked back to the page's geste, I ween he had turned anon.
▪ IV. † gest, n.4 Obs.
Also 6 jest(e, pl. jesses, 7 geast, jeyst, ghest, pl. gesses.
[Later form of gist1.]
pl. The various stages of a journey, esp. of a royal progress; the route followed or planned.
1550Edw. VI Jrnl. in Lit. Rem. (Roxb.) 275 The gestis of my progres wer set fourth, wich were thes; from Grenwich to Westmuster [etc.]. 1597H. Maynard in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. II. 274 By that time the Queen meaneth to be with you, if the iestes hold, wch after manie alteracions is so sett downe..to be with you on Wednesdaie night. 1601Holland Pliny I. 125 Diogneus and Beton..set down all the geasts and iournies of that prince. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vii. xlii. (1632) 405 The like custome vsed hee in the winter season in his ieysts, and circuits throughout his Country. 1650Fuller Pisgah v. iii. 147 Though in Iacobs Gests, Succoth succeeds the next place to Peniel, yet it follows not, that Iacob with his train went so far in one day. 1654H. L'Estrange Chas. I (1655) 126 His [the king's] gests and motions were much fore-slowed by his making so many halts. 1755Johnson (citing Hanmer) Gest, the roll or journal of the several days and stages prefixed, in the progress of our kings.
transf. and fig.1596J. Norden (title), A Progresse of Pietie, whose Jesses lead into the Harborough of heavenly Hearts-ease. 1645Quarles Sol. Recant. vii. 52 Let..salvage brutes trade there, and lay their Gests Of progresse. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ii. ii. 58 It takes not away this vertue of the earth, but more distinctly sets downe the gests and progresse thereof. 1649H. Hammond Chr. Oblig. iii. 66 When God hath designed the crosse, the constant post and stage in our gesses to Heaven.
b. sing. The time allotted for a halt or stay.
1611Shakes. Wint. T. i. ii. 41 Ile giue him my Commission To let him there a Moneth behind the Gest Prefix'd for's parting.
▪ V. † gest, v.1 Obs.
Also 4 geest, 4, 6 Sc. geste. See also jest v.
[f. gest n.1]
intr. To tell a tale, to recite a romance.
c1340Cursor M. 7256 (Trin.) Whenne þei were gladdest at þe feest Sampson coude wel geest. c1386Chaucer Pars. T. Prol. 43, I kan nat geeste, Rum, Ram, Ruf by lettre. c1425Leg. Rood (1871) App. 211, I haue ioye forto gest Of þe lambe of love with-oute oþe. 14..Sir Beues (MS. N) 2244 Als feire a man as thei myȝt gest. c1440Promp. Parv. 191/1 Gestyn' yn romawnce, gestio.
b. To play or sing as a professional ‘gester’.
1508Kennedie Flyting w. Dunbar 507 Tak the a fidill, or a floyt and geste.
Hence † ˈgesting vbl. n.
c1440Promp. Parv. 191/2 Gestynge, or romawncynge, gesticulatus, rythmicatus.
▪ VI. † gest, v.2 Obs. rare.
[f. L. gest-, ppl. stem of gerĕre to carry on.]
trans. To perform; only in phrase gested and done.
1523Ld. Berners Froiss. Author's Pref. 1 With what labours, daungers, and peryls they [auncyent actes] were gested and done. 1541Paynel Catiline xxxii. 50 b, Supplications ware alwey decreed for a thinge prosperously gested and done against an ennemie.
▪ VII. gest
obs. f. jess; obs. pa. tense of guess.
▪ VIII. gest(e
obs. form of guest, jest, joist. |