| 释义 |
given, ppl. a. (and n.)|gɪv(ə)n|
Forms: see give v.
Used adjectively in senses of the vb.
A. ppl. a.
1. a. Bestowed as a gift.
1382Wyclif Ecclus. xx. 10 Ther is ȝouen thing, that is not profitable; and ther is ȝoue thing, whos ȝelding is double. c1400Rom. Rose 2380 But, in love, free yeven thing Requyrith a gret guerdoning. 1539Taverner Erasm. Prov. 67 A giuen horse..maye not be loked in the mouthe. 1892Daily News 10 Feb. 5/1 The millionaire, like the ordinary citizen..probably finds that given goods never prosper.
b. given name: the name given at baptism, the Christian name. ? Chiefly Sc. and U.S.
1827J. F. Cooper Red Rover I. 19 The youth, whose christian or ‘given’ name, as it is even now generally termed in New-England [etc.]. 1859Bartlett Dict. Amer., Given Name, the Christian name, or name that is given to a person, to distinguish it from the surname, which is not given, but inherited. Cobbett calls it a Scotticism. It was probably introduced by the Puritans instead of ‘Saint's name’, or ‘Christian name’. 1895Crockett Men of Moss Hags i. 1 Maisie Lennox (for that was her proper given name) was my cousin. 1936S.P.E. Tract xlvii. 244 Thoughtful parents often provide Smith with a second surname, usually as his second ‘given’ name, as John Howard Smith. 1954Manch. Guardian Weekly 11 Nov. 2 His given names recall the majesty of the great judge.
2. Used predicatively: Inclined, disposed, addicted, prone. Const. to. Also † well, piously, etc. given.
1375Barbour Bruce iv. 735 Men, kyndly to i[wi]ll giffin. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 692 How Duncane was crovnit King of Scotland and was weill gevin. 1589Cogan Haven Health ccxviii. (1636) 253 Those things that breed rheumes, doe likewise breed the goute in such as bee given thereunto. 1601Holland Pliny II. 118 What man is there well giuen and honestly minded, who [etc.]. 1662J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. 285 The Chancellor, who was not given to those Excesses, would have excus'd himself. 1709Steele Tatler No. 56 ⁋1 This ill Fortune makes most Men contemplative and given to Reading. 1747Wesley Wks. (1872) XII. 93, I fear you are somewhat enthusiastically given. 1844Willis Lady Jane ii. 9 Women given To the society of famous men. 1869Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) III. xi. 11 Others who were devoutly given knew well the sins of England. 1885F. Anstey Tinted Venus 121 To tell you the honest truth, I'm not given that way myself.
3. Granted as a basis of calculation, reasoning, etc.; definitely stated, fixed, specified.
1570Billingsley Euclid i. i, Vpon a right line geuen not beyng infinite, to describe an equilater triangle. 1726tr. Gregory's Astron. I. ii. 287 The Obliquity of the Ecliptic being given, to find by Calculation, the Right Ascension and Declination of a given Point in it. 1756C. Lucas Ess. Waters I. 66 No two agree in the quantity of water requisite to dissolve a given portion of any salt. 1807T. Thomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 590 The quantity of nitric acid of a given density necessary to saturate a given weight of the salt. 1840Lardner Geom. 118 Since the given triangles are similar, the angles A and A′ are equal. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xxiv. 175 A better means of accomplishing a given end. 1870Max Müller Sci. Relig. (1873) 349 To determine whether a given religion may be considered as the work of one man.
4. Comb. with advs., as given-away, given-out, given-over.
a1586Sidney Arcadia iii. (1590) 259 b, She sawe Philoclea sitting lowe vpon a cushion, in such a giuen-ouer manner, that one would haue thought silence, solitarinesse, and melancholie were come there..to [etc.]. Ibid. iii. (1598) 355 Is this the reward of thy giuen-away [1629 p. 369 given-way] libertie? Hath too much yeelding bred crueltie? 1795Fate Sedley I. 105 Lady Dorothy, whom I expected to have seen laid out in funeral pomp, received me in her chamber; and judge my surprise when I beheld this given over damsel, sitting with great composure. 1868Dickens in All Year Round 19 Dec. 63/2 It come to her through two hands... The second hand took the risk of the given-out work. 1920J. M. Hunter Trail Drivers of Texas I. 211 The Indians had just as soon have these..given-out cattle as any.
B. absol. as n. What is given; the known facts, situation, etc.
1879W. James Coll. Ess. & Rev. (1920) 132 If the philosopher fails to find a satisfactory formula of exorcism for his datum, the only thing he can do is to..assume the Given as his necessary ultimate. 1883F. H. Bradley Princ. Logic I. i. 32 There is no practical interest in anything but the given, and what does not interest is not anything at all. 1965Case Conference Mar. 280/2 The past cannot be seen as a fixed ‘given’, its meaning is imposed upon it by the stand that we take in relation to it. 1970E. Leach Lévi-Strauss iii. 45 ‘The English language’..from the point of view of any individual speaker..is a ‘given’, it is not something he creates for himself. |