| 释义 |
glacier|ˈglæsɪə(r), ˈgleɪʃ(ɪ)ə(r)|
Also 8 glaciere.
[a. F. glacier (earlier glacière), f. glace ice; app. Savoyard word. Cf. gletscher.]
1. A large accumulation or river of ice in a high mountain valley, formed by the gradual descent and consolidation of the snow that falls on the higher ground. The resulting mass is often many miles in length, and continues to move slowly downward until it reaches a point where the temperature is high enough to melt the ice as fast as it descends.
1744(title) An Account of the Glacieres or Ice Alps in Savoy, in two Letters. 1774Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772 327 With snowy glacieres lodged in the deep shaded apertures. 1775C. & F. Davy Bourrit's Glac. Savoy 88 The Glaciers..are beds of ice, more or less thick, which are lodged upon declivities between mountains. 1789Mrs. Piozzi Journ. France II. 229 We have the pleasure of seeing Switzerland, without..climbing its glacieres. 1817Byron Manfred i. i. 68 The Glacier's cold and restless mass Moves onward day by day. 1823Scoresby Whale Fishery 229 There are two glaciers, or land icebergs. 1860Tyndall Glac. ii. 422 Glaciers are derived from mountain snow, which has been consolidated to ice by pressure. 1883Ouida Wanda I. 30 The ice bastions of a thousand glaciers glow in the sunrise.
2. attrib. and Comb.
a. attrib., as glacier-drift, glacier-flea, glacier-foot, glacier-ice, glacier-lake, glacier-mass, glacier moraine, glacier-motion, glacier-phenomenon, glacier-pool, glacier-river, glacier-sea, glacier-slope, glacier-track, glacier-valley, glacier-water.
b. instrumental, as glacier-choked, glacier-clad, glacier-ploughed, glacier-worn adjs.c. special comb., as glacier breeze (see quot.); glacier burst, the sudden release of water impounded by a glacier; glacier-mill, = moulin; glacier-mud (see quot.); glacier-rope, a rope used in traversing glaciers, to attach the members of a party together, as a precaution against accidents; glacier-silt = glacier-mud; glacier-slow a., slow as (the movement of) a glacier; glacier snout = snout n.1 4 c; glacier-snow, the snow at the upper end of a glacier, not yet hardened into ice by pressure; glacier-table (see quot.); glacier tongue (see quot. 1956).
1930Meteorol. Gloss. (ed. 2) 86 *Glacier breeze, a cold breeze, blowing down the course of a glacier, which owes its origin to the cooling of the air in contact with the ice.
1904Nature 29 Sept. 541/1 The importance of *glacier-bursts in shaping the topography of glaciated areas. 1950T. Longstaff This my Voyage ix. 178 We saw a ‘glacier-burst’ from a small hanging glacier..a crashing roar of falling stones followed by a great rush of black, muddy water down the hillside.
1897Pembrokesh. Antiq. 25 Those days of ice-capped hills, *glacier-choked valleys, mammoths and cave men.
1889G. F. Wright Ice Age N. Amer. 76 The vast *glacier-clad interior of the country.
1876L. Agassiz Geol. Sketches Ser. ii. 89 Upon these surfaces..rests the drift, having everywhere the characteristic composition of *glacier-drift.
1884Macmillan in Sunday Mag. Aug. 526/1 Under the stones..may be found lively colonies of the small black *glacier flea.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. II. xxi. 208 The stream..tunnels its way out near the *glacier-foot.
1882Geikie Text Bk. Geol. ii. ii. §6. 110 When the granular névé slowly slides down into the valleys, it acquires a more compact crystalline structure and becomes *glacier-ice.
1876L. Agassiz Geol. Sketches Ser. ii. 31 The ‘parallel roads’ of Glen Roy mark the ancient levels of the *glacier-lakes in that glen.
1873J. Geikie Gt. Ice Age (1894) 243 They were doubtless formed by the same *glacier-mass.
Ibid. 435 *Glacier-mills that gave rise to ‘giant's kettles’.
1853Herschel Pop. Lect. Sci. vi. §34 (1873) 250 A *glacier moraine might be redistributed by tidal action over the floor of the Ocean.
1860Tyndall Glac. ii. ix. 270 The fact of *glacier-motion has been known for an indefinite time to the inhabitants of the mountains.
1865Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. XXI. 166 The Boulder-earth or *Glacier-mud. Resting on the surface of the ice-worn rocks we find a widespread accumulation of boulder-earth, an unstratified mass of coarse gritty mud, in which are imbedded pebbles, boulders, and stony particles.
1863A. C. Ramsay Phys. Geog. 73, I will describe to you..various other *glacier-phenomena affecting the scenery of the Alps.
1888Century Mag. XXXVI. 791/1 New England. Its stony hills and rocky coast, its *glacier-plowed and niggardly soil.
1860Tyndall Glac. ii. xxiv. 357 Figures..formed in the ice on the surface of *glacier-pools.
1914D. H. Lawrence Prussian Officer 16 The whity-green *glacier-river twisted through its pale shoals. 1936Discovery May 139/2 Another excellent river..[for fishing] is the glacier river Blandá.
1897Westm. Gaz. 16 Aug. 4/2 He was tied to a rope and lowered. Three *glacier-rope lengths were necessary before he reached Sachs.
a1835Mrs. Hemans Alp-Horn Song Poems (1875) 294 The sparkling blue of the *glacier-sea.
1895Funk's Stand. Dict., *Glacier-silt.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xxv. 332 Some of its *glacier-slopes were margined with verdure.
1861Lowell Lett. (1894) I. 318 So I submitted, took to pentameters, and only hope the thoughts are good enough to be preserved in the ice of the colder and almost *glacier-slow measure.
1933Ibid. Jan. 28/1 Nor is the correlation of *glacier-snout movement with Brückner cycles by any means a fact.
1883Ogilvie Suppl., *Glacier-snow, same as Névé.
1860Tyndall Glac. i. vi. 44 *Glacier tables; flat masses of rock, raised high upon columns of ice.
1930Ibid. Mar. 91/2 *Glacier-tongues provided the starting point. 1956Armstrong & Roberts Illustr. Ice Gloss. 6 Glacier tongue, an extension of a glacier, projecting seaward, and usually afloat.
1876L. Agassiz Geol. Sketches Ser. ii. 66 This western track of the glacier is crossed transversely..by two other *glacier-tracks.
1860Tyndall Glac. ii. viii. 264 A succession of old lateral moraines, such as many *glacier-valleys exhibit.
Ibid. i. xii. 86 Beer, cold as the *glacier water.
1876L. Agassiz Geol. Sketches Ser. ii. 41 The inequalities of the *glacier-worn surfaces.
Hence ˈglaciered ppl. a., covered with glaciers; also (of water) proceeding from a glacier.
1824New Monthly Mag. X. 16 Those sublime and glacier'd peaks. 1834T. Medwin Angler in Wales I. 234 The glaciered water is too cold for them [fish]. 1847Disraeli Tancred iii. iv, What need of..mountains of glaciered crest. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xvii. (1856) 130 A barrier apparently as permanent as the glaciered hills with which it is united. |