| 释义 |
typhus|ˈtaɪfəs|
[Late L. tȳphus in sense 1, and mod.L. (De Sauvages, 1759) in sense 2, ad. Gr. τῦϕος smoke, vapour, conceit, vanity, stupor, f. τύϕειν to smoke, smoulder. So (in sense 2) F. typhus, Sp. tifus, Pg. typho, Sp. and It. tifo.]
†1.
a. Pride, haughtiness, conceit. Obs.
1643Tuckney Balme of G. 31 To bring down our loftinesse and pride,..to take down the Typhus of a Britannia triumphans, as some few yeares since we vainly boasted. [1681Ess. Peace & Truth Ch. 18 Proud and haughty Prelates (full of that Typhus Secularis—The old bane of the Church).]
2. Path.
a. An acute infectious fever, characterized by great prostration and a petechial eruption; chiefly occurring in crowded tenements, etc.
1785D. Campbell Observ. Typhus 7 We shall therefore, in speaking of this fever, either employ the technical term Typhus; or call it a low contagious fever. 1822–9Good Study Med. (ed. 3) II. 239 The heavier, severer, or putrid typhus chiefly differs from the mild in the violence and rapidity of its march. 1866A. Flint Princ. Med. (1880) 967 The fever called typhus, known from the earliest antiquity, has received a great variety of names. The name typhus, introduced by Sauvages in 1759,..derived from τυϕος, denoting stupor,..relates to a feature..usually more or less prominent in this disease. 1875B. W. Richardson Dis. Mod. Life ii. 14 The black death is still represented in malignant typhus. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 354 Previous to the time of de Sauvages typhus was known as ‘Pestilential’ or ‘Putrid Fever’, or by some name suggested by the eruption or expressive of the locality in which it appeared, as ‘Camp’, ‘Jail’, ‘Hospital’ or ‘Ship Fever’.
b. Also typhus fever.
1789G. Buchanan (title) Treatise on the Typhus Fever. 1818Scott Let. to Laidlaw Mar., in Lockhart, Many of the better ranks are ill of the typhus fever. 1877Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 110 Typhus fever is generated by a specific poison, and is highly contagious.
c. attrib., as typhus case, typhus contagion, typhus epidemic, typhus eruption, typhus patient; typhus-louse, a louse of the kind responsible for transmitting typhus.
1799J. Franks (title) On the Non-Existence of Typhus Contagion. 1843R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. iv. 41 The chief causes of typhus epidemics. 1876J. S. Bristowe The. & Pract. Med. (1878) 189 It is important that typhus patients should be treated in large, airy, well-ventilated chambers. 1885–8Fagge & Pye-Smith Princ. Med. (ed. 2) I. 146 He had headache and fever, and the typhus eruption followed in due course. 1939Auden & Isherwood Journey to War 136 Their upholstery often contained typhus-lice. |