| 释义 |
▪ I. recorder1|rɪˈkɔːdə(r)|
Also 4–5 recordour.
[Orig. a. AF. recordour, OF. recordeour, -eur (14th c.); in later use partly f. record v.1 + -er1.]
1. a. Formerly, a certain magistrate or judge having criminal and civil jurisdiction in a city or borough. Now, in England and Wales, a barrister or solicitor appointed as a part-time judge presiding esp. over certain Crown Courts (see quot. 1971).
The Recorder was originally a person with legal knowledge appointed by the mayor and aldermen to ‘record’ or keep in mind the proceedings of their courts and the customs of the city, his oral statement of these being taken as the highest evidence of fact. (See Riley Munimenta Gildhallæ I. 42–3.) The Recorder of London, to whom most of the early evidence refers, is still appointed by the court of aldermen; elsewhere the appointment is made by the crown, the duties of the office being regulated by the Municipal Corporations Act of 5 and 6 William IV and subsequent enactments.[c1325in Riley Munim. Gildh. (Rolls) II. i. 151 Solonc le record des Recordours de la Gilhale. 1347Rolls of Parlt. II. 186/1 Au Mair & au Recordour & as Aldermannes de mesme la Citee. 1419Liber Albus in Riley Munim. Gildh. (Rolls) I. iii. i. 182 Et si les parties pleident a jugement, le jugement serra done par bouche de loure Recordoure. Ibid. I. 308 Sacramentum Recordatoris. Vous jurrez, qe vous serrez foialx et loialx..a la citee de Loundres, en loffice du Recordour.] 1426in Surtees Misc. (1888) 8 [At York] Richard Russell, Thomas Bracebryg, aldermen, Gui Rouclyff, recordour. 1463–4Rolls of Parlt. V. 504/2 Aldermen or Recorders of the same Cite [London]. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 142 b, Whatsoeuer was saied by the Recorder, in his excuse, was taken as..a dissimulacion or a mocke. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, iii. vii. 30 His answer was, the people were not vsed To be spoke to, but by the Recorder. 1607Cowell Interpr. 1630Galway Arch. in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 476 The Recorder of this towne..shall have per annum tenn poundes sterling. 1642Calthrop Liberties London 23 That the Recorder shall or may ore-tenus,..record and certifie the Customs being traversed. And his certificate shall be as strong in the Law as the verdict of 22 men. 1709Steele Tatler No. 39 ⁋4 [He] has, by Advice of the Recorder of Oxford, brought this Action. 1765Blackstone Comm. I. 76 The customs of London differ from all others in point of trial: for, if the existence of the custom be brought in question, it shall not be tried by a jury, but by certificate from the lord mayor and aldermen by the mouth of their recorder. 1850H. Martineau Hist. Peace v. iii. II. 244 Boroughs having a Recorder have separate Courts of Quarter-Sessions of the peace. 1886Encycl. Brit. XX. 160/1 The recorders of Dublin and Cork are judges of the civil bill courts in those cities. 1955Times 3 May 6/3 At the first trial before the Recorder (Sir Gerald Dodson) earlier in the session the jury had failed to agree. 1965Modern Law Rev. XXVIII. v. 563 The Recorder of Manchester..interrupted a case..to address us on the iniquitous way in which his court was being used. 1971Act 19 & 20 Eliz. II c. 23 §. 21 Her Majesty may from time to time appoint qualified persons, to be known as Recorders, to act as part-time judges of the Crown Court and to carry out such other judicial functions as may be conferred on them under this or any other enactment... Every appointment of a person to be a Recorder shall be of a person recommended to Her Majesty by the Lord Chancellor, and no person shall be qualified to be appointed a Recorder unless he is a barrister or solicitor of at least ten years' standing. 1972Daily Mail 2 Aug. 6/4 Judges' itineraries can be changed, solicitors can sit as recorders. 1979T. Skyrme Changing Image Magistracy 219 New-style Recorders differed from their predecessors in that they were not affiliated to any borough, or to any other local government area, but might be required to sit in any part of the Circuit. They were also required before appointment to undertake to sit on not less than twenty days a year.
transf.1593Donne To C'tess Huntingdon xvii, I but your Recorder am in this..A ministerial notary.
†b. The chief justice of an East Indian settlement. Obs.
1800Asiatic Ann. Reg., St. Papers 5/2 So much of the charter..for erecting the Courts of Recorder at Madras and Bombay, as relates to the appointment of Recorder.
†2. A witness. Obs.
c1440Promp. Parv. 426/1 Recordowre, wytnesse berer, testis. 1522Knaresborough Wills (Surtees) I. 14 Also I wyll John Wylkes..and Richard Roundell to be recorders with other moo. 1556Richmond Wills (Surtees) 87 Recorders hereof, Lawranse Robinson..withe other mo. 1607Cowell Interpr. s.v., I find not that wee in our Courts (especially in the Kings Courts) stand much upon the number of recorders or witnesses for the strength of the testimonie which the record maketh.
3. One who records or sets down in writing.
Recorder of the Great Roll, a former officer of the Scottish Court of Exchequer, also called Clerk of the Pipe.
1537Bible (Matthew) 1 Kings iv. 3 Jeosaphath the sonne of Ahilud the recorder. 1640Bp. Hall Episc. ii. xix. 198 Faithfull recorders of all occurrences that befell the Church. 1771Luckombe Hist. Print. 10 He had got Corsellis into his hands, as the recorder imports, so many years before. 1830D'Israeli Chas. I, III. xvii. 370 The faithful recorder of our once country-customs. 1834Act 4 & 5 Will. IV, c. 16 (title) An Act to abolish the Office of Recorder of the Great Roll or Clerk of the Pipe in the Exchequer in Scotland. 1871Blackie Four Phases i. 3 A faithful..recorder of what he heard and saw.
4. A recording apparatus; Telegr., a device in a telegraphic instrument for recording the signals received. Also, † the recording part of an early gramophone or phonograph. Now spec. a tape-recorder. (See also siphon recorder.)
1873F. Jenkin Electr. & Magn. xxiii. §6 Keeping..the glass tube end of the recorder within a very narrow strip of paper. 1876Nature XV. 102/1 The Recorder consists of a powerful electro-magnet [etc.]. 1895Daily News 29 Jan. 6/5 The Thompson and Marsden Patent Recorder..is a machine to be attached to the indicator posts of steam vessels for recording..every order as it is given by the master from the bridge to the engineer below. 1899T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Spring & Summer 191/2 A Columbia Graphophone, with clockwork motor, recorder, reproducer, hearing tube, speaking tube and horn. Ibid. 191/3 Recorder, with sapphire point, $5.00. Reproducer, with sapphire point, $5.00. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 680/1 The recorder describes a series of spirals diminishing from the circumference to the centre of the disc. 1908Sears, Roebuck Catal. 201/3 Recorder, for..our special home graphophone. 1914Cassier's Engineering XLV. 414/2 Typical thermoelectric recorders were..described. 1935Discovery Nov. 324/1 The necessary constancy of motion of cinematographic film in recorders, reproducers, printers, and associated apparatus. 1948, etc. [see flight recorder s.v. flight n.1 15]. 1957Times 13 Dec. 18/2 The Minifon pocket recorder is..regarded as an essential item for every⁓day use in the office. 1959W. S. Sharps Dict. Cinemat. 109/1 A magnetic recorder is equipment incorporating an electromagnetic transducer..for recording electric signals as magnetic variations in the medium. 1971Engineering Apr. 105/1 (Advt.), One of Bell & Howell's portable, multi⁓channel recorders is the answer. 1973A. Broinowski Take One Ambassador iii. 32 She cocked an eyebrow over her mini-cassette recorder.
5. attrib. and Comb., as recorder-reproducer.
1937Jrnl. Soc. Motion Picture Engineers XXIX. 217 (caption) Magnetic recorder-reproducer. 1970Proc. IEEE LVIII. 886 (heading) Signal recorder-reproducer using a coherent light source and a photographic film record.
▪ II. reˈcorder2
Forms: 5–6 recordre, 5 Sc. -our, 6 Sc. -ar, (5 recourder), 5– recorder.
[app. f. record v.1 (senses 2 and 3) + -er1.]
a. A wind instrument of the flute or flageolet kind (see quot. 1626).
The popularity of the instrument spread in the twentieth century after its revival by Arnold Dolmetsch in 1919.
1430–40Lydg. Bochas ii. xv. (1554) 54 b, Pan..Of recorders fond fyrst the melodies. c1450Holland Howlat 759 The rote, and the recordour,..The trumpe, and the talburn. 1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 5 b, Yf a manne would fayn bee reputed a good player on the recordres. 1598Yong Diana 475 One of them plaied on a Lute; another on a Harpe; another made a maruellous sweet countertenour vpon a Recorder. 1626Bacon Sylva §221 The Figure of Recorders, and Flutes, and Pipes are straight; But the Recorder hath a less Bore and a greater; Above, and below. 1683Tryon Way to Health 655 Flutes or Recorders are a brave noble Instrument, being skilfully handled. 1719D'Urfey Pills (1872) IV. 94 All maids that make trial of a Lute or a Viol,..If you like not this Order, come try my Recorder. 1773Barrington in Phil. Trans. LXIII. 250 A musical instrument, formerly used in England, called a recorder. 1791Cowper Iliad x. 14 Pipes, and recorders, and the hum of war. 1920Glasgow Herald 10 Aug. 6 One was able to understand why the Greeks went into battle to the soft strains of solemn music rendered on flutes and recorders. 1932R. Donington Work & Ideas A. Dolmetsch 16 The first group of early instruments to regain something of its original popularity has been the family of recorders, or English flutes. Many hundreds of Dolmetsch recorders are already in use. 1958M. Dolmetsch Personal Recoll. A. Dolmetsch viii. 88 Our broken consorts now, for the first time, included the recorder, the instrument employed being, of course, the ancient boxwood and ivory recorder which Arnold had brought over from England. It was played by his first recorder pupil, namely the Harvard Professor Peabody. 1962E. Hunt Recorder & its Music 7 The present-day meteoric return to popularity of the recorder—whose seductive tone charmed the ears of Henry VIII, Shakespeare and Pepys—is a development unparalleled in the history of any other musical instrument. 1976D. Munrow Instr. Middle Ages & Renaissance i. 14/1 The essential features of the recorder are its beak-shaped mouthpiece and the number of its finger-holes: seven finger-holes plus a thumb-hole.
†b. One of the pipes of an organ. Also transf.
1613Organ Specif. Worcester Cathedral, The particulars of the great organ..1 recorder of mettal, a stopt pipe. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 92 In the curious Machin of speech, the Nose is added as a Recorder, to advance the melodious eccho of the sound.
†c. transf. One who plays a recorder. Obs.—1
1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Gt. Eater Kent 5 Such are poets, trumpetters, cornets, recorders, pipers, bag-pipers. |