| 释义 |
▪ I. ullage, n.|ˈʌlɪdʒ|
Forms: 5 oylage, vlage, 6 Sc. vlege, 8– ullage.
[ad. AF. ulliage, OF. ouillage, eullage (heulliage), œillage (also Anglo-L. oliagium, oyll-, ull-, ulagium), Pr. ulhage, oulhage, f. OF. ouiller, eullier, oiller, œiller (Anglo-L. oillare), Pr. ulha, oulha, to fill up (a barrel).
Forms with initial a- are also given by Godefroy, viz. aouillage and aouillier, aoillier, aeullier, etc. (1295–).]
1. The amount of wine or other liquor by which a cask or bottle falls short of being quite full (originally the quantity required to make good the loss by leakage or absorption).[1297Chanc. Misc. (P.R.O.) Bd. 2 No. 15 (5), Tradidi etiam eidem vnam pipam pro oliagio predictorum doleorum. 1329Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1878) I. 224 De ij doliis et j pipa vini... Et in vllagio..j et dimidium. a1377Rolls of Parlt. II. 384 Item par Adam le Ken pur ulliage es Vins mesme l'an 1 ton' 1 pip'.] 1444Compota Domest. (Abbotsf. Cl. 1836) 26 In vlage et lecage per tempus predictum, [84] lagene [bere]. 1481–90Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 288 Paid for iiij. galons wyne, iij. qrtes. for oylage for the ton wyne, iij. s. ij. d. 1565Burgh Rec. Edinb. (1875) III. 211 The twn of wyne at this present..xvj crownis of the sone;..item, of fraucht xvj crownis sone; item, for vlege vj li. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Ullage of a Cask, is what such a Vessel wants of being full. 1749W. Yeo Ullaging & Inching 3 As often as these Lines are used for determining the Ullages of Casks. 1755Dict. Arts & Sci. s.v., The ullage of a vessel, whose axis is parallel to the horizon, may be found thus. 1833Loudon Encycl. Archit. §1324 It is usually tunned into hogsheads of a hundred gallons each, leaving a few gallons ullage. 1835Marryat Olla Podr. III. 297 (Moonshine), I held the bottle up to the candle to ascertain the ullage. 1885W. Ecockes in Civilian 3 Jan. 141/2 A work..comprising tables of ullages of casks, whose bung diameters range from 15 to 40 inches.
b. on ullage, (in a vessel) not completely full.
1863T. G. Shaw Wine, Vine & Cellar xi. 302 It is injurious to Rhenish wine to be left on ullage. 1880Act 43 & 44 Vic. c. 24 §43 The casks in which spirits are removed may be either full or..on ullage. 1883Times 17 Nov. 10 The wines should not remain long on ullage.
2. a. (See quots.)
1832S. Roose Ullaging 5 By knowing the vacuity, and subtracting it from the whole content, leaves the Ullage or the quantity of liquor then in the cask. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 705 Ullage, the remainder in a cask or package which has leaked or been partially used. 1883Encycl. Brit. XVI. 28/2 The quantity of liquor contained in a cask partially filled and the capacity of the portion which is empty are termed respectively the wet and dry ullage.
b. slang. (See quots.)
1874Slang Dict. 332 Ullages, the wine of all sorts left in the bottoms of glasses at a public dinner. 1889Pall Mall G. 21 Aug. 2/1 ‘Pray what is ‘ullage’?’ ‘The washings out of casks, sir,’ replied my friend.
3. transf.
a. Liquid that has oozed through a substance.
1824T. Hogg Carnation 50 Upon this stratum or bed of dung..the ullage occasioned from time to time by the rains will all be received.
b. The waste of metal in engraving.
1860Cornh. Mag. I. 272 In graving deep, tiny spirals of gold and silver curl away from the trenchant tool, and there is precious ullage in chasing and burnishing—spirals and ullage worth money in the market.
c. Naut. (See quots.)
1901Daily Chron. 23 May 5/1 The mass of her crew will all too probably be ‘ullage’—to use the naval term for a preponderance of undesirables. 1904Kipling Traffics & Discov. 113 ‘You're a disgrace to the Service, and your boat's offal.’ ‘Awful?’ I said. ‘No—offal—tripes—swipes—ullage.’
4. attrib., as ullage bottle, ullage cask, ullage contents.
1743Bulkeley & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 46 This Morning found the Store Tent robbed of Brandy; filled up all the ullage Casks. 1784J. Boydell (title), The Ullage Cask Gauger; comprised in a series of Tables..whereby the Ullage Contents of any Cask..is at one view known. 1812J. Smyth Pract. of Customs (1821) 363 The ullage cask..must be re-gauged, as must all casks entered for exportation. Ibid. 409 Landing Ullage Contents. 1864Daily Tel. 4 June, There is scarcely a ship..in which the examining officer's attention is not called to ullage casks. 1889Pall Mall G. 19 Jan. 7 It might have been made by putting two ullage bottles into one.
Add:[1.] c. In a rocket, the part of a fuel tank that is not occupied by fuel; the volume of this part.
1956G. P. Sutton Rocket Propulsion Elem. (ed. 2) viii. 301 The extra volume of gas above the propellant is referred to as ullage. 1972Space World May 27/2 These commands are used for translations of small velocity increments and for ullage maneuvers (to settle propellants in the tanks). 1987Armed Forces June 257/1 A compression-ignition sensitivity test fixture, capable of dynamically loading an LP containing a known quantity of ‘ullage’.
5. Special Comb. ullage rocket, a small auxiliary rocket used under conditions of weightlessness to provide sufficient acceleration to force liquid propellants to one end of the tank, thereby ensuring continuous fuel supply to the engine of a spacecraft.
1961Aeroplane & Astronautics CI. 815 Even firing of the ‘*ullage’ rockets..proved inadequate. 1966New Scientist 14 July 72/1 This..state of affairs is achieved both by the use of small ‘ullage’ rockets and, after these have been jettisoned, by employing the vented gases themselves.
▪ II. ˈullage, v.
[f. prec.]
1. trans. To calculate the amount of ullage in (a cask).
1749W. Yeo (title), The Method of Ullaging and Inching all sorts of Casks and other Utensils used by Common Brewers, Victuallers, Distillers, &c. 1832S. Roose Ullaging 11 To Ullage a Cask in the form of the frustum of a Cone.
2. a. To draw or tap to a slight extent. b. To fill up again (an ullaged cask, etc.).
1881Standard 3 Oct. 2/1 There..a cask of some rare vintage was ‘ullaged,’ with a biscuit and cheese accompaniment. 1888Wine, Sp. & Beer 8 Mar. 186/1 To stir in some pure olive oil..and then flood the oil out by ullaging.
Hence ˈullaging vbl. n.
1749W. Yeo Ullaging & Inching p. iii, That part of it [sc. gauging] which relates to the Ullaging of Casks. 1832S. Roose Ullaging 5 The Ullaging of a Cask is to find how much liquor there is in it, when it is not full. |