| 释义 |
ultramarine, a. and n.|ʌltrəməˈriːn|
[ad. med.L. ultrāmarīn-us, f. L. ultrā beyond + mare sea: see ultra-. Cf. Sp. and Pg. ultramarino, It. oltramarino, OF. ultremarin, oltre- (obs. F. outremarin); also as n. (sense B. 1) Sp. ultramarino, G., Sw., Da. ultramarin, Du. -marijn; Sp., Pg. ultramar, F. outremer.]
A. adj.
1. Situated beyond the sea. Now rare.
1652French Yorksh. Spa vii. 65 In a moorish, boggie ground, ariseth a Spring of a Vitrioline tast.., resembling much those ultramarine Spaws. 1681H. Nevile Plato Rediv. 47 In the several Countries of Padua, Brescia, Vicenza, Verona,..as also in the Ultramarine Provinces. 1769Burke Obs. Pres. St. Nat. Wks. 1842 I. 80 He tells them that the loss of her ultramarine dominions lessens her expences. 1828Sir W. Napier Penins. War i. ii. I. 15 The ultramarine dominions of the exiled family to be equally divided between the contracting parties. 1852Grote Greece ii. lxxix. X. 419 The project of stretching across the ægean for ultramarine dependencies.
2. (See defs.)
1656Blount Glossogr., Ultramarine, coming from beyond Sea. 1802James Milit. Dict., Ultramarine, from beyond the sea—foreign.
3. ultramarine blue (or ultramarine colour):
a. A pigment or colouring matter of various shades of blue, originally obtained from the mineral lapis lazuli and named with reference to the foreign origin of this. († Also with green.)
So Sp. and Pg. azul ultramarino, It. azzurro oltremarino.
1686W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. i. 23 In imploying of fine Colours, as fine lacks Ultra Marine Green, &c. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 332 From this Stone [sc. Lapis Lazuli] is made that Colour they name Ultra-marine Blue. a1775J. Hill (Jod.), To it the painters are indebted for their beautiful ultramarine colour, which is by a calcination of lapis lazuli. 1816P. Cleaveland Min. 258 Its chief use is to furnish the ultramarine blue, a pigment remarkable for the durability of its color. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 222/1 If the body is to be blue, mix ultramarine blue with one half raw oil and turpentine.
b. A blue colour like that of this pigment.
1781[see next]. 1845Florist's Jrnl. 229 It differs materially in the colour, the flowers of the present species being a bright ultra-marine blue. 1882Garden 22 Apr. 283/3 The glowing ultramarine blue of the flowers is strikingly brilliant.
4. Of a special deep-blue colour. (Cf. sense 3 above.)
1781Latham Gen. Synop. Birds I. 413 Ultramarine R[oller]... The whole plumage of a rich glossy ultramarine blue. 1783Ibid. III. 301 Ultramarine F[inch]. The plumage wholly of a fine deep blue. 1867M. E. Braddon R. Godwin I. i. 5 The deep crimson of the brick-work,..sharply defined against an ultramarine sky.
B. n.
1. = A. 3.
1598R. Haydocke tr. Lomazzo's Artes iii. v. 101 Of Blewes,..the greater part of Azures, specially the vltramarine. c1650E. Norgate Miniatura (1919) 49 The rest of the skie..is made with Ultramarine and White. 1677Grew Disc. Colours Plants iii. §28 The Flower of Lathyrus or Parseverlasting..is changed from a Peach, to as pure a Blew, as the best Vltramarine. 1683Tryon Way to Health 229 Take Indigo, Vltramarine, or any Blew, and mix it with White, and it makes a Skie to what degree you please. 1731Gentl. Mag. I. 449 Capt. Goslin presented some blue Colour, with a Specimen which shew'd it to exceed the common Ultramarine. 1762–71H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) II. 234 It would be a very long time before the worth of 200l. in ultramarine could be employed in miniatures. 1816P. Cleaveland Min. 258 The particles of the ultramarine, being thus rendered smooth and slippery, escape. 1859R. Hunt Guide Mus. Pract. Geol. (ed. 2) 256 An artificial ultramarine is prepared by mixing clay, carbonate of soda, and sulphur. 1880J. Dunbar Pract. Paper-maker 60 The above tests are..a safeguard to any paper-maker in buying ultramarines.
attrib.1839Ure Dict. Arts 1262 The remainder of the mass..yields an inferior pigment, called ultramarine ashes. 1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 937 A pale-blue powder called ultramarine ash. 1881Instr. Census Clerks (1885) 58 Ultramarine Maker. Verditer Maker. 1888Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 721/2 There are very few ultramarine works in other countries, and none, as far as we know, in Great Britain.
b. With distinguishing terms (see quots.).
1728Chambers Cycl. s.v., There is another Kind, call'd Common or Dutch Ultramarine. 1867Chambers' Encycl. IX. 625 The term Yellow Ultramarine is sometimes given commercially to chromate of baryta, a yellow insoluble powder used as a pigment. 1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 937 The green ultramarine thus obtained is ground in a mill, and then roasted, with addition of sulphur, to convert it into blue ultramarine. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. I. 221/2 The best imitation, or German ultramarine. Ibid. III. 20/1 The blue colour of artificial ultramarine. 1888Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 722/1 Silica ultramarine is soda-ash ultramarine in whose preparation a quantity of finely divided silica..has been added. Ibid., Since 1873 the Nuremberg works have been producing four varieties of magnificently violet ultramarine.
2. = A. 3 b.
1695Dryden tr. Dufresnoy's Art Paint. §354 Red Oker is one of the most heavy Colours... Ultramarine, or azure, is very light and a very sweet Colour. 1696Patrick Comm. Exod. xxv. (1697) 479 Mainonides expresses it the Colour of the Firmament; and Kimchi calls it ultramarine. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. iv. 34 The lake at some distance was of a deep ultramarine. 1868W. S. O. tr. Figuier's Ocean World i. (1872) 13 The ocean, seen by reflection, presents a fine azure blue or ultramarine.
So † ultramaˈrinish a., = prec. A. 3. Obs.
1667Denham Direct. Paint. i. iv, Use nothing but Ultra-Marinish Blue. |