| 释义 |
▪ I. umbrage, n.|ˈʌmbrɪdʒ|
Also 7–9 ombrage.
[a. OF. umbrage, ombrage (F. ombrage), = Pr. umbratge:—L. umbrāticum, -icus, f. umbra shadow.]
†1. Shade, shadow. Obs.
1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 22310 The party off my vysage Whiche is clowded with vmbrage, Off cleernesse scholde haue no reporte. 1513Douglas æneid xiii. Prol. 40 All the bewtie of the fructuus feyld Was wyth the erthis vmbrage clene ourheild. 1544Betham Precepts War i. cci. I vij b, The lyghte, and also..the false vmbrage whych the Moone doth shewe fourthe. 1616Drummond of Hawthornden Poems ii. (S.T.S.) I. 65 Deare amber Lockes gaue Vmbrage to her Face. 1654tr. Scudery's Curia Pol. 129 If we be worsted in our nocturnall and more secret attempts, the darknesse will give an umbrage, and obscure our shame. 1655F. G. tr. Mlle. De Scudery's Artamencs IV. ii. 83 The Sun setting that Evening without any cloudy umbrage, it might almost be said that the Sun-beams did guild the whole Countrey. 1687Norris Coll. Misc., Ode to Darkness v, The Blest above do thy sweet umbrage prize. When Cloy'd with light, they veil their eyes.
b. transf. and fig. (Very common in the 17th c.)
αc1642Observ. his Majesty's late Answ. & Expresses 18 To look into termes a little more narrower, and dispell umbrages. 1663Aron-bimnucha 30 Those Clouds and Umbrages that did eclipse and darken the glory of the Gospel. 1684Howe Redeemer's Tears Wks. 1862 II. 269 A mind led..to transmit through a dark umbrage some glimmerings only of that excellent majesty which his Sonship..entitled him to. 1711Shaftesbury Charac. (1737) III. 322 Great Mysterys,..so wrap'd in Clouds, or hid in Umbrages,..that they may seem to have been left as Trials of our Industry. 1727A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. I. xxiii. 279 [To] live..under the Badge and Umbrage of Ignominy and Shame. a1763Shenstone Progr. Taste ii. 102 And o'er her charms with caution shown, Be still a graceful umbrage thrown.
β1660Milton Free Commw. 448 Kingship, though looking big, yet indeed most pusillanimous,..startl'd at every Ombrage. 1669Temple Lett. (1701) II. 65 To suspect that it was Artificial, and only intended to give an Ombrage or false Light to the Court of Sueden.
2. spec. Shade or shadow cast by trees or the like.
α1540–1Elyot Image Gov. xxi. (1544) 38 b, The sayd trees gaue a commodyous and plesant vmbrage. Ibid. xxii. 42 Which trees did cast ouer the walles a pleasant vmbrage or shadowe. 1664Evelyn Sylva vi. 24 [Ash-trees are] not to be planted for Umbrage, or Ornament; especially neer the Garden. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 115 The boughs..so circle the bole or trunk that it resembles an arch'd circumference affording umbrage and refreshment to some hundred men. 1675Evelyn Terra (1676) 94 All shade is not unpropitious, where the Soil and Climate are benign, as well as that which casts the umbrage. 1757Dyer Fleece i. 399 Accustom'd to the barriers of the rick, Or some warm umbrage. 1849C. Brontë Shirley xiii, Often..she would spend a sunny afternoon in lying stirless on the turf, at the foot of some tree of friendly umbrage. 1865A. Raleigh in Rec. Life xi. (1881) 138 We had crept up slowly through the leafy woods, and all at once we emerged from the umbrage and stood upon the hill-top. 1888R. Buchanan City of Dream viii. 171 The steed sprang on across the golden glade and plunged into the umbrage suddenly.
β1604R. Cawdrey Table Alph., Ombrage, shade, harbor, or bower to rest vnder. 1866J. B. Rose tr. Ovid's Met. i. 447 On sounding pinions Cupid sped his flight To the deep ombrage of Parnassus' height.
b. Const. of, or with possessives.
1596R. L[inche] Diella (1877) 22 Where vnder vmbrage of some aged Tree, With lute in hand I sit. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 1087 In some glade Obscur'd, where highest Woods impenetrable To Starr or Sun-light, spread thir umbrage broad. 1677Plot Oxfordsh. 159 Under the umbrage of which Tree..no less than 324 horses, or 4374 men, may sufficiently be shelter'd. 1708J. Philips Cyder i. 141 They run To Grots, and Caves, and the cool Umbrage seek Of woven Arborets. 1772S. Whyte Poems (1795) 186 In the brown umbrage of the wood. If lonely you retire. 1793Minstrel II. 109 The heat increasing, the deep umbrage of the forest invited her into its closest paths. 1830J. G. Strutt Sylva Brit. 118 Branches..spreading their umbrage to the circumference of two hundred and seven feet. 1875M. E. Braddon Strange World i, Two figures are seated..beneath the umbrage of an ancient thorn.
c. The foliage of trees, etc., affording shade.
1657Tomlinson Renou's Disp. Pref. b ij, Here you may view..the pleasant Umbrages sporting with Zephyrus-Nectar-Blooms. 1659Hammond On Ps. cxxviii. 3 Olive⁓plants..were usually planted (as in arbours) to shade the table, entertainments being made without doors, in gardens, under that umbrage. 1727–46Thomson Summer 626 Beside the dewy border let me sit,..There in that hollow'd rock, grotesque and wild,..and over head By flowering umbrage shaded. 1767Jago Edge-hill i. 357 Beneath their waving Umbrage Flora spreads Her spotted Couch. 1789E. Darwin Bot. Gard. i. (1791) 207 Delighted Thames through Tropic umbrage glides, And flowers antarctic, bending o'er his tides. 1811Shelley St. Irvyne xi, The tall ash and oak, in mingled umbrage, sighed far above their heads. 1833Lytton Godolphin xv, Then abruptly they rose, over-spread with thick and tangled umbrage, several feet above the level of the river. 1885Buchanan Annan Water ix, In one corner was an arbour almost buried in umbrage.
transf.1739R. Bull tr. Dedekindus' Grobianus 222 Mustachio's, far beyond the vulgar Size; O'er all thy Mouth their hairy Umbrage spread. 1828Wordsw. Triad 188 Her brow hath opened on me—see it there, Brightening the umbrage of her hair.
fig.1822De Quincey Confess. ii. 81 The calamities of my noviciate in London..shot up and flourished afresh, and grew into a noxious umbrage that has overshadowed and darkened my latter years. 1871Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1879) I. xviii. 462 The light of law was for a time obscured by the thick umbrage of novel facts.
3. A shadowy appearance or indication, a semblance, outline, or faint representation, a glimmering or trace, of something. Now rare. (Common in 17th c.)
α1604Shakes. Ham. v. ii. 125 (Q. 2), His semblable is his mirrour, & who els would trace him, his vmbrage, nothing more. 1644Bulwer Chirol. 143 The arme shadowes out the second Person in the Trinity... The fingers give an umbrage of the Holy Spirit. 1686Plot Staffordsh. 417 There yet remains some umbrage of a Dean and Prebends here to this very day. 1756in Palatine Note-book (1881) I. 118/2 His whole Life..may be look'd upon as an Umbrage of Troubles and Perplexities among vexatious Neighbours. 1856Faber Creator & Creature ii. i. (1886) 110 Joys angelical..are all but a manifold umbrage of the one joy of God.
β1640Howell Dodona's Grove 30 It will breed scruples and ombrages of doubts in her confederats. 1652― Giraffi's Rev. Naples ii. 57 The people had shrewd ombrages of fear that he came to no good purpose.
†b. Without const.: An appearance or semblance. Obs.
1639Fuller Holy War v. xxv. 272 Some of them [sc. essays] being umbrages and State-representations rather than realities. 1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. ii. viii. 78 A penitent is not taken with umbrages and appearances, nor quits a reall good for an imaginary. 1678Marvell Growth Popery Wks. 1875 IV. 395 It looks and gives an umbrage as if what he was to do was by your leave. 1680W. de Britaine Hum. Prud. ii. 5 But Wise-men cannot be content to be abused with Umbrages, nor is the World any longer to be entertained with Dark Lanthorns.
†c. In emphatic or intensive use, with all, any, even, the least, etc. Obs.
α1649Fuller Just Man's Funeral 10 The very umbrage of Religion hath a sovereign virtue in it. 1668Earl of Orrery in St. Lett. (1743) II. 340 To avoid even the umbrages of suspicion. 1675V. Alsop Anti-Sozzo 556 Our Author,..without any umbrage of a pretence from the Text,..has laid them in saltire. 1703Bp. T. Wilson in Keble Life v. (1863) 192 That so all umbrage of arbitrary government may be removed. a1734North Examen ii. v. §139 (1740) 402 Let any one see in that extended Sum of the Evidence..if there be the least Umbrage of a Reflection upon this Accident. 1737[S. Berington] Mem. G. de Lucca (1738) 35 To take off all Umbrage of Jealousy, I give you leave to sell him to some honourable Person for a Slave.
βc1645Howell Lett. (1650) I. 75 They parted for that time without the least ombrage of discontent. 1650― Giraffi's Rev. Naples i. 17 Hereupon the Vice-Roy went unto them to take off all ombrages of distrust. 1692Beverley Conciliatory Disc. 19 Thus are the Secrets of all Hearts, judged according to the Apostles Gospel... Some Ombrage of which Heathens have.
†d. A figure or type. Obs.
1657W. Morice Coena quasi κοινὴ xvi. 297 Sometime they think hereticks set forth under the umbrage of Tares.
†4. A feeling of suspicion or doubt. Obs.
α1624Bacon Consid. War with Spain (1629) 8 I say iust feare,..not out of vmbrages, light iealousnesse, apprehensions a farre off, but out of cleare foresight of imminent danger. 1639Fuller Holy War i. ix. (1840) 15 Though umbrages and light jealousies..be too narrow to build a fair quarrel on. 1656Heylin Extraneus Vapulans 63 He took some time to consider of it,..for removing of all such umbrages and misapprehensions, as otherwise that interparlance might have occasioned.
β1604Bacon Apol. 27 And therefore good my Lord carie it so, as you take away by all meanes all ombrages and distasts from the Queene. c1645Howell Lett. vi. i. (1650) 180 Ther were som ombrages, and not only so, but open and actuall differences.
†b. A suspicion, hint, inkling, or slight idea, of a matter. Obs.
1654–66Earl of Orrery Parthen. (1676) 800 They neuer had the least umbrage of the Truth. 1697W. Dampier Voy. (1729) I. 310 We..found no Canoas, or People, that might give us any umbrage of a City, or place of Trade near at hand. a1734North Examen i. iii. §59 (1740) 160 Nor is it less remarkable that such Preparations of Fleets, Transports, Armies,..were to be dispatched..and no Neighbour Nation jealous, nor England (so near) haue any Intelligence or Umbrage of it.
†c. A reason or ground for suspicion, or for some opinion. Obs.
1664Jer. Taylor Dissuas. Popery i. x. 70 S. Peter did not carry himself so as to give the least overture or umbrage to make any one suspect he had any such preheminence. 1673Lady's Call. ii. ii. §3 Therefore they must be nicely careful to give their husbands no color, no least umbrage for it [sc. jealousy]. 1704Lond. Gaz. No. 4054/1 Every Man..did his Duty, without the least Umbrage for Censure or Reflection. 1737L. Clarke Hist. Bible (1740) II. 288 But there is not the least umbrage for such a conjecture to be found in the scripture. 1760–72tr. Juan & Ulloa's Voy. (1807) I. 6 All umbrage would be thus removed from persons who might not be sufficiently acquainted with the nature of their design.
†5. Shelter, protection, screen. Obs.
1607Day Trav. Eng. Bro. Ded. (1881) 3 Wee our selues should haue a safe harbor and vmbrage for our well willing yet weake labours. 1658R. Franck North. Mem. Ded. (1694) p. iv, In this Dilemma I left the University to seek Umbrage in the City of London. 1698J. Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 98 Humble Suiters for the Umbrage of any of Quality, to skreen them from this Violence. 1730T. Gent Hist. York Pref. p. iii, So that it flies to the Umbrage of the courteous Reader, to be favourable in its Reception. 1740S. Richardson in Corr. (1804) I. p. lxxvi, I therefore..struck a bold stroke,..having the umbrage of the Editor's character to screen myself behind.
†b. In the phr. under the umbrage of. Obs.
The material sense in quot. 1741 is unusual.
1677W. Hubbard Narrative Pref., The Historicall discourse ensuing might pass into publick view under the umbrage of your Protection. 1683W. Rogers Scourge for G. Whitehead 10 Whitehead, now sinking in his Reputation,..seems to shelter himself under the Umbrage of W.P. 1709Mrs. Manley Secret Mem. (1720) III. 207 A Prince..is still answerable for all the Evil he suffers others to commit under the sacred Umbrage of his Name. 1741A. Hill in Richardson's Corr. (1804) I. 71 Little Harry Campbell..had been listening all this while upon the floor, under the umbrage of a pair of out-strutting hoops. 1776P. Oliver in T. Hutchinson's Diary, etc. (1886) II. 109, I entered the House of Lords under the umbrage of Lord Polworth.
†6. A pretext or pretence; a colour or false show. Obs.
1634Bp. Hall Contempl. N.T., Christ before Pilate, It is al the care of hypocrites to seek umbrages, and pretences for their hatefull purposes. 1662Hickeringill Apol. Distressed Innoc. Wks. 1716 I. 272 Veiling the Murder with the Umbrage of Devotion and Justice. a1693Ld. Delamere Wks. (1694) 107 Truth will appear from under all the false glosses and umbrages that men may draw over it. 1706Phil. Trans. XXV. 2416 So convincing an Experiment as this, which..leaves no manner of umbrage for any other Hypothesis to take place in it.
†b. In the phr. under the umbrage of. Obs.
Slight differences of usage are represented in the different groups of quotations.
(a)1674Case of Bankers & Creditors Pref. 3 This grievance of ours hath been represented to his Majesty under the pretence and umbrages of Royal Prerogative. 1681Hickeringill Sin Man-Catching Wks. 1716 I. 174 [Villains] that commit the greatest Rapacities..under the umbrage, pretence and colour of Law and Justice. 1696C. Leslie Snake in Grass (1697) 90 Otherwise, they may commit Theft, Sacrilege, and all other Immoralities under this Umbrage. 1727A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. II. xlvii. 176 To make him accuse rich Men,..that he might seize their Estates under the Umbrage of Justice and Law. 1735Bolingbroke On Parties (ed. 2) viii. 87 To form a Party, and maintain a Struggle for personal Power, under the Pretence and Umbrage of Principle.
(b)1679J. Smith Narr. Popish Plot 30 Under the Umbrage of Repairing a College, they were providing for the Ruine of a Kingdom.
(c)1709Sacheverell Serm. 5 Nov. 9 Should we cover such a False Apostle under the Sacred Umbrage of a True Church-Man? 1720Gordon & Trenchard Independ. Whig (1728) 284 Under the Colour and Umbrage of Significant and decent Ceremonies, the most ridiculous and immodest Usages have been introduced. 1723Dk. Wharton True Briton I. 234 Under the Umbrage of Adorers, [they] make themselves Masters.
†7. to be, or to stand, in (..) umbrage, to be in disfavour. Obs.
a1635Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 31 On the fall of the Duke he stood some yeers in umbrage, and without imployment. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. ii. §102 Being suspected at least a Favourer of the Papists,..by which he was in great umbrage with the People. a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Hist. Jas. V, Wks. (1711) 110 He knew Sir James stood in some umbrage with the King.
8. Displeasure, annoyance, offence, resentment:
a. In the phr. to give (..) umbrage (to a person or persons).
1620Brent tr. Sarpi's Hist. Council Trent i. 28 He..therefore besought them to take away all those words that might give him any Vmbrage. 1668Dryden Evening's Love iv, It will not be convenient to give him any umbrage, by seeing me with another person. a1700Evelyn Diary 5 May 1686, Which dispensation..gave umbrage (as well it might) to every good Protestant. 1740Somerville Hobbinol i. 242 Be thou, my Muse! No leaky Blab, nor painful Umbrage give To wealthy Squire. 1771J. Fletcher Checks Wks. 1795 II. 8 How often do men sneakingly forsake their friends, for fear of giving umbrage to a superior party or interest. 1796Washington Let. Writ. 1892 XIII. 263 Unless my pacific disposition was displeasing, nothing else could have given umbrage by the most rigid construction of the letter. 1842H. Rogers Ess. (1874) I. i. 5 The sermon, when printed, gave great umbrage to the parliamentary party. 1869Rawlinson Anc. Hist. 314 Both Antiochus and Seleucus..abstained from any proceedings that could give umbrage to their new subjects.
b. In the phr. to take (..) umbrage (at; also without const. or with clause).
(a)1680Fountainhall Chronol. Notes (1822) 5 The Bishop..took umbrage at his freedom of speech in the pulpit anent the government. 1683Temple Mem. Wks. 1720 I. 439 The Allies had taken great Umbrage at my Journey to the Hague. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 300 If any opposition should be offered them in the country, or any umbrage taken at their design. 1759Robertson Hist. Scot. viii. Wks. 1813 II. 49 James himself, though he prudently concealed it, took great umbrage at her behaviour. 1796F. Burney Camilla x. xiv, However, as to his having called me a blockhead, it's not what I take umbrage at. 1827Hallam Const. Hist. v. (1876) I. 284 We find no mention of any umbrage being taken at certain strains of prerogatives. 1862Kingsley A. Locke Pref. p. v, Many of them..have taken umbrage at certain scenes of Cambridge life drawn in this book. 1883Sir T. Martin Ld. Lyndhurst ix. 231 A less kindly-tempered man..would have taken umbrage at the tone of this letter.
(b)1723Present State of Russia I. 197 The subjects of the Can of Schirvan began to take Umbrage. 1748Smollett Rod. Rand. xi, Fearing the captain and his lady would take umbrage, and leave his carriage. 1813Scott Rokeby iii. xxi, Our stout Knight..Took umbrage that a friend so near Refused to share his chase and cheer. 1841D'Israeli Amen. Lit. (1867) 594 Many close at hand took umbrage lest they themselves were being supplanted.
c. In other constructions.
1724R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 140 They all have your case very much at heart, and all the umbrage is over. 1768H. Walpole Hist. Doubts 23 Whether the steps taken by the queen gave them new cause of umbrage. 1856Lever Martins of Cro' M. xx, A very good-natured laugh from the others showed how little umbrage the frank avowal excited.
▪ II. umbrage, v.|ˈʌmbrɪdʒ|
Also 7 ombrage.
[f. prec., or ad. F. ombrager, -ier, † umbrager, -ier, f. ombrage: see prec. Cf. also It. ombreggiare.]
1. trans. To shade or shadow; also fig., to overshadow, put in the shade.
α1647Hexham i, To Vmbrage or shadow, beschaduwen. 1658J. Webb tr. Calprenède's Cleopatra viii. 93 A man..whose valour umbraged theirs, and whose words they had found so true to their confusion. 1738[G. Smith] Cur. Relat. I. iv. 465 They were separated from one another with Rails, and umbraged with a Sort of Canopy. 1804A. Seward Mem. Darwin 123 Rude gives an idea of barrenness, and Matlock is luxuriantly umbraged. 1888Harper's Mag. April 733/2 A ridge or hillock heavily umbraged with the rounded foliage of evergreen oaks.
β1648Hexham ii, Omschaduwen,..to Shaddowe About, or to Ombrage. 1652F. Kirkman Clerio & Lozia 16 His Hat was ombraged with a plume of black Herons Feathers.
†2. To colour over, disguise. Obs.—1
1675R. Burthogge Causa Dei 312 If she mentioned others, it was by way of caution, only to secure her self, and Umbrage what she said that it might down the better.
†b. To give a pretext or ground for. Obs.—1
1689Hickeringill Modest Inquiries 35 Like that young Gallant, studying what he should see in her [sc. an old woman] to Vmbrage the fondness of his Embraces.
3. To offend, displease. rare.
a1894Stevenson St. Ives xxiv, May I help myself to wine without umbraging you.
Hence ˈumbraged, ˈumbraging ppl. adjs.
1663Sir G. Mackenzie Religious Stoic i. 12 Intimating thereby that umbrag'd silence was an excellent Shryn for sincere devotions. 1683Pettus Fleta Min. i. Ded., They are divulged either by umbraging Sophistications, or concealed under the Name of Philosophical Secrets. 1890Lippincott's Mag. May 667 A park, a wood, an umbraged lane. |