| 释义 |
† gnede, a. Obs.
[Of difficult etymology. The ordinary OE. forms gnéað, gníeðe (gnéðe), are not represented in later Eng.; the type *gníede (*gnéde), whence the ME. form, appears to be authenticated by the MS. forms gnedra (gen. pl.), ungnyde, though these are usually regarded as scribal errors.
The three Eng. types seem to represent OTeut. *ga-nauþo-, *ga-nauþjo-, *ga-naudjo (f. *ga- = y- prefix + *nauþ-, naud-: see need n.); the last of these occurs in OHG. ginôti, gnôte (MHG. genœte) close, narrow, eager for. The fluctuation between the -o- and -jo- declension may perh. indicate (as in many other adjs.) an original u stem.]
1. Of persons: Sparing, niggardly, miserly. Also gnede of (gifts, etc.).
Beowulf (Z.) 1930 Næs hio hnah..ne to gneað ᵹifa ᵹeata leodum. c900tr. Bæda's Hist. v. xvii. [xix.] (1891) 452 He..on þam mæᵹenum eaðmodnesse & hyrsumnesse nohte þon læssa ne gneðra [v.r. gnedra] wæs. a1300Body & Soul 20 in Map's Poems, Me thinketh God is the to gnede [printed guede], That alle thine frend beon fro the fledde. a1300Cursor M. 17218 Ask me þi will..for am i noght of giuetes gnede. c1300Havelok 97 He was large, and no wicth gnede. a1400Sir Perc. 1689 The childe was of gamene gnede. a1440Sir Degrev. 1159 Off gyffte was he never gnede.
2. Of things: Scarce, scanty; small. Also in stronger sense, altogether lacking or wanting. to make the gates gnede: to go straight to one's destination.
c1000in Cockayne Shrine 110 He self lifde on gneaðum worold life; an tunece wæs his ᵹeᵹerela..& beren hlaf wæs his ᵹereorde. c1050Cott. Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 441/30 Mediocri, gneþre. c1275Serving Christ 48 in O.E. Misc. 92 In heþene helle þer hirdsype is gnede. a1300Cursor M. 5392 Sua lang has þir tua boght þair sede Þat þair mone wex al gnede. Ibid. 8599 Þair clathes was sa gnede and fa, Þat þai moght nan part þam fra. c1320Sir Tristr. 2838 It [a castle] nas to large no gnede. a1400Sir Perc. 607 He made thame gammene fulle gnede. Ibid. 724 Tille his fete he ganne hym too, The gates that he scholde goo Made he fulle gnede. Ibid. 752 Now es me fyre gnede! c1400Rowland & O. 1392 Sir Barlot loste his lyfe..His lyfe was hym full gnede. Ibid. 1422, 1509. c 1450 Myrc 319 Þat day þat þow syst goddes body..Mete & drynke at thy nede Non schal þe þat day be gnede.
b. Barely so much.
a1300Cursor M. 15424 Þai asked Iudas quat he wald ask þam for his mede. And he þat traitur fell, þam said, ‘bot thritti penis gnede’.
Hence † ˈgnedely adv., sparingly, frugally; † ˈgnedeship, miserliness; † ˈgnedy a., miserly.
c1000Gregory's Dial. i. vii. 15 He..heom be bead þæt hy namon þone ele..& hine to dældon swiðe gneðelice ᵹeotende ᵹeond ealle þæs mynstræs fatu. a1225Ancr. R. 202 Al þet mon oðer wummon wilneð more þen heo mei gnedeliche leden hire lif bi..al is ȝiscunge & rote of deadlich sunne. Ibid. 350, 414. c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Margarete 52 Na slawnes, na lychery Na wreth, na gnedschepe, na glutony. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xvi. 86 Ac this doctor and diuinour and decretistre of canon, And al-so a gnedy gloton with to grete chekes, Hath no pite on vs poure. |