| 释义 |
▪ I. goad, n.1|gəʊd|
Forms: 1 gád, (gaad), 4–6 gode, (gohode), 5 goode, 6 goade, 7– goad.
[OE. gád str. fem. corresponds to Lombard gaida arrow-head:—OTeut. type *gaiđâ; for possible cognates see gare n.1 The northern form is gaid (q.v.), but in ME. both northern and southern forms are less common than the synonymous, though unrelated, gad n.1]
1. A rod or stick, pointed at one end or fitted with a sharp spike and employed for driving cattle, esp. oxen used in ploughing (cf. gad n.1 4).
c725Corpus Gloss. 1937 Stiga [sic], gaad. a1000Sal. & Sat. 91 (Gr.) Hafað gudmæcga ᵹierde lanᵹe, gyldene gade. 1388Wyclif Ecclus. xxxviii. 26 He that holdith the plow, and he that hath glorie in a gohode [L. in jaculo], dryueth oxis with a pricke. c1394P. Pl. Creed 433 His wijf walked him wiþ [at the plough] with a longe gode. 14..Voc in Wr.-Wülcker 586/23 Gerusa, a goode. c1440Promp. Parv. 184/1 Gad or gode, gerusa. 1539Taverner Erasm. Prov. (1552) 15 It is harde kyckynge agaynst the gode. 1627Drayton Sheph. Sirena 361 They their Holly whips haue brac'd, And tough Hazell goades haue gott. 1635–56Cowley Davideis iv. 166 With the same Goad Samgar his Oxen drives Which took..six hundred lives. 1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 110 In ploughing they us'd Goads..about eight foot long. 1783Hoole Orl. Fur. xxxvii. 804 A hind..A rustic weapon for her rage supply'd, A pointed goad he brought. 1816Scott Old Mort. xv, Countrymen armed with scythes..hay-forks..goads. 1875Helps Ess., Organiz. in Daily Life 109, I had a thought that drove me like a goad.
2. fig. Something that pricks or wounds like a goad.
a. A torment, ‘thorn’, ‘sting’.
1561tr. Calvin's 4 Serm. agst. Idolatries i. C ij b, Those same goads and prickes wherwith their consciences are prikt and wounded. 1641J. Jackson True Evang. T. ii. 138 These pointed and diamonded speeches, which doe indeed leave a sting, and goad in the mind of the pious Auditor. 1689Shadwell Bury F. iii. 181 Where is my Goad' my damned for better or worse. 1759Franklin Ess. Wks. 1840 III. 255 French forts and French armies so near us will be everlasting goads in our sides. 1861Trench Comm. Ep. to Ch. Asia 80 There are ever goads in the memory of a better and a nobler past. 1879Farrar St. Paul (1883) 140 The wounding goad of a reproachful conscience.
b. A strong incitement or instigation, ‘spur’, stimulus.
1600Holland Livy xxxix. xv. (1609) 1032 These..who pricke and provoke (as it were) with goads [L. stimulis] of furies your spirits and minds. 1608R. Armin Nest Ninn. (1842) 4 That's the way to spoyle all, but with your goad pricke me on the true tract. 1615Crooke Body of Man 284 Those Females which are castrated or gelt..the goads of lust are in them vtterly extinguished. 1798Malthus Popul. iii. i. (1806) II. 82 The labour..will not be performed without the goad of necessity. a1859Macaulay Biog. (1867) 110 He no longer felt the daily goad urging him to the daily toil. 1876Mozley Univ. Serm. iv. (1877) 94 Knowledge is a goad to those who have it.
3. A measure of length.
†a. A cloth-measure = 4½ feet. Obs.
1481Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 17 My Lord schal haue of hym iiij.c goodes off white..and my Lord schal pay him for euery goode, ix.d. 1552Act 5 & 6 Edw VI, c. 6 §1 Cottonnes called Manchester..and Chesshire Cottonnes..shalbe in lenghe twentie two goades and conteyne in bredith thre quarters of a yarde in the water. 1674S. Jeake Arith. (1696) 65 In 1 Goad..4½ Feet, a Measure in some places for Land and Cloth received by Custom. 1721C. King Brit. Merch. I. 181, 1200 C. Goads of Cotton. 1727W. Mather Yng. Man's Comp. 399 In London, the Yard is used for Silks, Woollen Cloth, &c. The Ell for Linnen Cloth, &c., and the Goad for Frizes, Cotton, and the like.
b. A land-measure (see quots. and cf. gad 6).
1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1353/1 The space of fortie goad (euerie goad conteining fifteene foot). 1880E. Cornw. Gloss. s.v., It represents nine feet, and two goads square is called a yard of ground.
4. A spike = gad n.1 1.
1855J. Hewitt Anc. Armour I. 81 The spur of this period consisted of a single goad, sometimes of a lozenge form, sometimes a plain spike.
5. Comb., as goad-groom, goad-prick; also goad(s)-man = gadman; goad-spur, a spur without a rowel and with one point (cf. prickspur).
1614Sylvester Little Bartas 877 Thou..by one man, one *Goad-groom (silly Sangar), Destroy'dst six hundred in religious anger.
1605― Du Bartas ii. iii. iv. Captaines 710 And *Goad-man Sangar. 1765A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 248 The goadman or driver. 1816Scott Old Mort. vi, Ye may be goadsman..and tak tent ye dinna o'erdrive the owsen. c1826Hogg in Wilson's Wks. (1855) I. 176 The goadman whistles sparely.
1609Bible (Douay) 1 Sam. xiii. 21 Even to the *godeprick, which was to be mended.
1889Century Dict., *Goad-spur.
▪ II. goad, n.2 slang.|gəʊd|
(See quots.)
a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Goads, those that Wheedle in Chapmen for Horse-coursers. 1889Century Dict., Goad..a decoy at an auction; a Peter Funk.
▪ III. goad, v.|gəʊd|
[f. goad n.1]
1. trans. To prick with a goad or other pointed instrument; to drive or urge on to something by such means. Also with on or onwards.
1619Fletcher & Massinger False One v. iii, Goad him on with thy sword. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 70 Produce the Plough, and yoke the sturdy Steer, And goad him till he groans beneath his Toil. 1704Addison Italy (1733) 44 His angry Keeper goads him to the Fight. 1841James Brigand xxii, No hand tames me and goads me on. 1855Kingsley Heroes ii. iv. (1856) 110 Jason bound them to the plough, and goaded them onward with his lance. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 457 They are driven to it by the stings of the drones goading them. 1879Stevenson Trav. Cevennes (1892) 42, I was goading Modestine down the steep descent.
2. fig. To assail or prick as with a goad; to irritate; to instigate or impel by some form of mental pain or annoyance; to drive by continued irritation into or to some desperate action or uncontrolled state of mind. Also with advs. on, onward, along, etc.
1579Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 530/1 It is verie hard for vs not to be greeued, when we heare ourselues so euil spoken off, and men goade vs. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. ii. ii. 182 Most dangerous Is that temptation, that doth goad vs on To sinne, in louing vertue. 1607― Cor. ii. iii. 271 This [mutiny] shall seeme..their owne, Which we haue goaded on-ward. 1696Tate & Brady Ps. xxxv. 6 Thy vengeful Ministers of Wrath Shall goad them as they run. 1789T. Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 555 He was continually goaded forward by the public clamors. 1790Wolcot (P. Pindar) Compl. Ep. J. Bruce Wks. 1812 II. 356 Tis famine goads him, like an Ox, along. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 264 Goaded on with the ambition of intellectual sovereignty. 1801Southey Thalaba ii. xxix, That rankling hope within him, that by day Goaded his steps, still stinging him in sleep. 1817Coleridge Lay Serm. 401 They might goad ignorance into riot, and fanaticism into rebellion. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. v. I. 575 Many of them..had been goaded by petty persecution into a temper fit for desperate enterprise. 1858Froude Hist. Eng. IV. xviii. 80 The deputy, goaded by opposition and unreason, had dashed into toleration of the rebels. 1865Livingstone Zambesi xviii. 363 The Ajawa was evidently goaded on by Portuguese agents. 1874Green Short Hist. iv. §5. 201 Taunts and defiances goaded the proud Baronage to fury.
Hence ˈgoaded ppl. a., ˈgoading vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1718Rowe tr. Lucan iv. 1203 By swords and goading Darts compell'd, Dronish he drags his Load across the Field. 1815W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 259 Morality's rules planted deep in the breast, Where goading of turpitude ne'er was impress'd. 1841Dickens Barn. Rudge xix, ‘I don't want to say more’, rejoined the goaded locksmith. 1851Gallenga Italy 91 What prudent considerations could prevail on the trampled, goaded Milanese, to endure any longer? 1867Parkman Jesuits N. Amer. xxxi. (1875) 413 Still the goadings of famine were relentless and irresistible. |