| 释义 |
▪ I. gold1|gəʊld|
Also 3 guold, 5–6 golde, (5 gowlde), 8–9 Sc. and north. dial. gowd.
[Common Teut.: OE. gold str. neut. = OFris. gold, OS. gold (MDu. goud-, gout, golt, Du. goud), OHG. gold, golt, colt (MHG. gold-, golt, G. gold), ON. goll, gull (Sw., Da. guld), Goth. gulþ:—OTeut. *gulþom:—pre-Teut. *ghl̥to-, app. formed, with suffix -to-, from the wk. grade of the root *ghel- yellow (see gall n.1); cf. OSl. zlato, Russ. zoloto, of similar origin. (Finnish kulta is an early adoption from Teutonic.)]
I.
1. The most precious metal: characterized by a beautiful yellow colour, non-liability to rust, high specific gravity, and great malleability and ductility. Chemical symbol Au.
Its relative purity is expressed in carats, see carat 3.
c725Corpus Gloss. 1401 Obrizum, smaete gold. c1200Ormin 8168 Bætenn gold & sillferr. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 85 A croune of guold heo bar a-doun. 1382Wyclif Exod. xxxvii. 17 A candilstik, forgid of moost clene gold. 1548Hall Chron., Rich. III, 55 b, His heare yelow lyke the burnished golde. 1667Milton P.L. i. 717 The roof was fretted gold. 1725Watts Logic i. ii. §3 So yellow color and ductility are properties of gold. 1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. II. 136 Gold, next to platina, is the heaviest of metals. 1860Piesse Lab. Chem. Wonders 81 Gold is the only metal which is found in a metallic state.
2. a. The metal regarded as a valuable possession or employed as a medium of exchange; hence, gold coin; also, in rhetorical use, money in large sums, wealth.
c870Codex Aureus Inscr. 5 in O.E. Texts 175 Mid uncre clæne feo, ðæt ðonne wæs mid clæne golde. c1000ælfric Gen. xliv. 8 Wenst þu, þæt we þines hlafordes gold oððe his seolfor stælon? a1123O.E. Chron. an. 1102 Mycel..on golde and on seolfre. c1205Lay. 4779 And he him wolde ȝeuen al þat gold þe he haueden i Denemark lond. c1386Chaucer Shipman's T. 368 This Marchant..Creanced hath, and payd..To certeyn lumbardes..The somme of gold. 1478W. Paston, Jun. in P. Lett. No. 824 III. 237 A nobyll in gowlde. 1565Child-Marriages 66 Gold and siluer was put on the boke and a ringe put on her finger bie the priest. 1604Shakes. Oth. iii. i. 26 Ther's a poore peece of Gold for thee. 1616R. C. Times' Whistle vi. 2549 Where gold makes way Ther is no interruption. 1734Pope Ess. Man. iv. 187 Judges and Senates have been bought for gold. 1796H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) II. 506 Gold is a powerful commander of respect with the commonalty. 1832W. Irving Alhambra I. 142 The poorest beggar, if he begged in rhyme, would often be rewarded with a piece of gold. 1858Homans Cycl. Commerce 97/1 Sending notes..to be exchanged for gold.
Phrase.1708S. Centlivre Busie Body iii. iv. 46 If wearing Pearls and Jewels, or eating Gold, as the old Saying is, can make thee happy, thou shalt be so.
†b. In pl. = gold coins. Obs. rare.
1588J. Mellis Briefe Instr. G j, You may expresse diuers and sundry goldes, as ducates..crowns, and such other.
3. a. fig. With allusion to the brilliancy, beauty, and transcendent preciousness of gold. Often in phr. of gold = golden a. heart of gold: a noble-hearted person (= F. un cœur d'or); a kind or noble heart.
a1553[see heart 14]. 1596P. Colse Penelope (1880) 169 Yet (Heart a gold) restraine thy heat. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, iv. i. 44 The King's a Bawcock, and a Heart of Gold. a1628Preston Breastpl. Love (1631) 187 The good man..there is silver and golde in his speeches and actions, that is, they are likewise precious. 1629Milton Ode Nativity 135 Time will run back and fetch the Age of Gold. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iv. xvii. 329 He makes his flying enemy a bridge of gold. 1693Dryden Juvenal's Sat. (1697) Ded. 9 In the same Paper, written by divers Hands..I cou'd separate your Gold from their Copper:..tho' I cou'd not give back to every Author his own Brass. 1831Scott Jrnl. 10 Jan., A fine fellow, and what I call a heart of gold. 1858Lytton What will he do with It? vii. i. 208 If, with gentle blood, youth, good looks, and a heart of gold, that fortune does not allow him to aspire to any girl whose hand he covets, I can double it. 1863Longfellow Wayside Inn, Q. Sigrid xv, If in his gifts he can faithless be, There will be no gold in his love to me. 1877Baring-Gould Myst. Suffering 51 What a glorious world..what gold of gladness, what sunshine of felicity it affords. 1896Westm. Gaz. 1 July 1/1 The smiling generosity that has done almost as much to charm her public as has her voice of gold. 1923Wodehouse Inimitable Jeeves xi. 123 While she may have had a heart of gold, the thing you noticed about her first was that she had a tooth of gold. 1936G. Greene Journey without Maps iii. iii. 244 He had a heart of gold under that repressive exterior. 1971Times 12 Dec. 19/4 Tarts invariably turn out to have a heart of gold.
b. Proverbs. (See also glister, glitter vbs.)
c1386Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. & T. 409 But al thyng which þat schineth as the gold Nis nat gold, as þat I haue herd told. c1530R. Hilles Common-Pl. Bk. (1858) 140 Yt ys not all gold that glowyth. 1546J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 66 A man may by gold to deere. a1665J. Goodwin Filled w. the Spirit (1867) 124 Men will not, as our common proverb is, buy gold too dear.
c. The metal as employed for coating a surface, or as a pigment; gilding.
1596Shakes. Merch. V. ii. vii. 36 Let's see once more the saying grau'd in gold.
d. pl. Kinds of gold. rare. [Cf. Or 2 in Littré.]
1683Pettus Fleta Min. ii. xv. 142 After this manner and method are to be proved all other Golds. 1765H. Walpole in Lett. C'tess Suffolk (1824) II. 314 Huge hunting-pieces in frames of all-coloured golds.
†4. The metal as used for the ornamentation of textile fabrics; gold thread (see 10); in early use often with the place of manufacture specified, as gold of Bruges, gold of Genoa, gold of Venice. Hence, textile materials embroidered with or partly consisting of this.
c1340Cursor M. 23452 (Trin.) Wymmen..in cloþing als of riche golde [other MSS. of riche falde]. 1465Paston Lett. No. 978 III. 436 An unce of gold of Venyse. 1516St. Papers Dom. Hen. VIII, II. ii. 1565 The sayd ladyes heeds imparylled with loos golld of damask, as well as with wovyn flat goold of damaske [etc.]. 1545Rates Custom ho. b iij b, Golde of bruges the maste viii. s. 1566in Hay Fleming Mary Q. of Scots (1897) 499 Ten hankis off gold and ten hankis of silver the fynest that can be gottin. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. ii. i. 356 Vallens of Venice gold, in needle worke. a1800in Scott Minstr. Scott. Bord. (1802) II. 78, I sall learn your turtle dow To lay gowd wi' her hand.
5. Used with defining words in the names of various kinds of gold, alloys, counterfeit imitations of gold, etc.
angel, crown, ducat, Dutch, fool's, fulminating, German, gipsy, graphic, leaf, mosaic, roman, standard, virgin gold: see these words.
argental gold, native gold containing a percentage of silver; coloured gold, gold that has had its lustre destroyed by nitric acid; dead gold, unburnished gold or gold without lustre; dentist gold (see quot. 1858); duke gold ? = ducat gold; Etruscan gold = coloured gold; fairy gold = fairy money (see fairy C 2); green gold, gold alloyed with silver; jeweller's gold, ‘an alloy containing three parts of gold to one of copper’ (Webster 1864); † leprous gold (see quot.); Mannheim gold, a brass alloy of copper, zinc, and tin used in making cheap jewellery; mock gold, an alloy of copper, zinc, and platinum; red gold, gold alloyed with copper; shell gold (see quot. 1727–41); spangle gold (see quot. 1611); white gold, ‘an alloy of about five parts of silver to one of gold’ (Funk).
1839Ure Dict. Arts 603 Another ore of gold is the alloy with silver, or *argental gold, the electrum of Pliny, so called from its amber shade.
1858Homans Cycl. Commerce 835/2 *Dentist Gold is gold leaf carried no further in the process than that of the cutch, and should be perfectly pure gold.
1683Pettus Fleta Min. ii. i. 100 All Goldish oars..have good *Duke gold.
1611Shakes. Wint. T. iii. iii. 127 This is *Faiery Gold boy..vp with 't, keepe it close.
1430–40Lydg. Bochas vii. viii. (1554) 172 b, Lede (of philosophers) is called *gold leprus.
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 714 *Manheim-gold, or Similor.
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Gold, *Shell Gold is that used by the illuminers..they put it in shells, where it sticks.
1611Cotgr., Or en paille, *Spangle Gold, or Gold beaten thinne for Spangles.
6. The colour of the metal: a bright golden yellow. Ordinarily an absol. use of the adj. (see 8 b); but in poetic and rhetorical lang. directly transf. from 1.
c1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. (E.E.T.S.) 80 Whos colour ys gold, lyk þat ys meen bytwen reed and ȝalwe. 1667Milton P.L. iii. 642 Many a colourd plume sprinkl'd with Gold. 1704Pope Windsor For. 118 His painted wings, and breast that flames with gold. 1866G. Macdonald Ann Q. Neighb. i. (1878) 15 Gazing at the red and gold and green of the sunset sky. 1895C. Roper Zigzag Trav. I. 5 Across this blue shot long rays of the most clear pinks and whites and golds.
7. Archery. The gilt centre or bull's-eye of a target. to make a gold: to hit the bull's-eye.
1876Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. I. i. x. 189 Three hits running in the gold. 1882Standard 31 Aug. 6/4 The prize given..for the lady making the greatest number of golds and reds at archery.
II. attrib. and Comb.
8. simple attrib., passing into adj.
a. Made (wholly or partly) of gold; consisting of gold. † Also, gilded.
c1205Lay. 7048 His hæð wes swulc swa beoð gold wir. 13..Sir Beues 2299 (S.) He may see in his goldryng, What any man dooth. 1483Cath. Angl. 161/2 Golde wyre, filum Aureum. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. i. iii. 92 That Booke..That in Gold claspes, Lockes in the Golden storie. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 10 Hangings of gold lether. 1727Somerville Fable xiv, Fortune Hunter ii. 146 A cobler bidding fair For the gold-chain and next lord-mayor. 1837Mrs. Sherwood H. Milner iii. xxii. 464 Two young [Oxford] men, one of whom had a gold tassel. 1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 58 The gold spring is hammer-hardened.
b. Gold-coloured, golden yellow. Also, old gold, having the colour of old gold, of a dulled golden yellow with a brownish tinge; also as n.
1590Shakes. Mids. N. ii. i. 11 The Cowslips tall, her pensioners bee, In their gold coats, spots you see, Those be Rubies. 1732Pope Hor. Sat. ii. ii. 20 Yet hens of Guinea full as good I hold [as pheasant] Except you eat the feathers green and gold. 1776Mickle tr. Camoens' Lusiad 77 The purple blazes, and the gold-stripes shine. 1808Scott Marm. i. xv, His skin was fair, his ringlets gold. 1879M. E. Braddon Vixen III. xi. 313 Curtains..in dirty yellow, or, in upholsterer's language, ‘old gold’. 1880Drapers' Jrnl. 27 May 5/2 Edged with a narrow plissé of old gold. 1882M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal II. x. 206 Loose flowing tea-gowns of old gold sateen. 1935N. L. McClung Clearing in West xxix. 227 Mother had a silk eiderdown on her bed, old gold on one side and flowered with red geraniums on the other. 1966J. B. Priestley Salt is Leaving ii. 25 The general effect suggested a palace made of milk chocolate. The old-gold lighting did nothing to spoil this effect.
c. With reference to the use of gold for coinage and as a standard of value, as gold currency, gold standard, gold value. Also designating a money of account: reckoned at its full undepreciated value according to a gold standard.
1776Adam Smith W.N. ii. ii, The..nominal sum of the gold and silver currency of the country. 1831Deb. Congress U.S. 22 Feb. p. cl/2 The present rate (of our gold standard) was the result of information clearly incorrect. 1832Mechanics' Mag. 11 Feb. 344/1 Notwithstanding ‘the gold standard’ is not the United States the modern El Dorado? 1857Geo. Eliot Let. 23 Dec. (1954) II. 414 The opponents of the ‘gold standard’ do not make it sufficiently clear.. that they presuppose..some guarantee such as government security, as a basis for confidence. 1868J. Laing Theory of Business (ed. 2) iv. 65 Had India possessed a gold currency. 1898T. H. Farrer Stud. Currency p. xviii, The relation between the Gold value of the legal Rupee and the Gold value of Silver. 1911Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 704/2 The ‘gold-exchange standard’ system, in which the ordinary currency is of a metal coined only by the state, and so limited as to keep it in a prescribed value ratio to another metal (gold) which..acts as the standard of value. 1914Rep. R. Comm. Indian Finance 14 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 7236) XX. 709 The system adumbrated by the Committee of 1898, viz., a gold standard based on a gold currency in active circulation such as the system in the United Kingdom is commonly held to be. Ibid. 15 The Indian currency system based on what is now known as the gold exchange standard. 1917W. F. Spalding East. Exch. Currency ii. 13 The exchange value of the Rupee was satisfactorily maintained between the gold points. 1923Westm. Gaz. 22 Aug., If we take the franc of to-day as having one-quarter of the purchasing power of the pre⁓war gold franc. 1926Encycl. Brit. Suppl. I. 776/2 In the final phase people reckoned in gold marks and stipulated for payment in paper marks at the exchange of the day... This competition of the gold mark as a money of account was the final undoing of the paper mark. 1933B. Ellinger This Money Business i. 9 This state of affairs lasted until September 18th of 1931, when we went off the gold standard. 1948G. Crowther Outl. Money (ed. 2) ix. 279 Nowadays, virtually every currency in the world consists (apart from subsidiary..coins) entirely of paper. When this paper money is made by law freely interchangeable with gold at a fixed ratio the currency is on the gold standard. 1970Encycl. Brit. X. 547/2 Gold standard, a monetary system in which the standard unit is a fixed weight of gold or is kept at the value of a fixed weight of gold.
d. gold medal: a golden medal, usu. awarded as the first prize in a contest, esp. in the Olympic Games. Also ellipt. as gold.
1908T. A. Cook Olympic Games i. 16 For all these gold, silver, and bronze prize medals have been allotted. 1960Times 5 Sept. 4/6 Hill..was representing a Germany united for Olympic purposes, which won three gold and a silver. 1968Guardian 22 Oct. 1/1 In the equestrian event, the gold was taken by the team.
e. Designating a framed gold gramophone record presented to a recording artist or group for a record whose popularity is marked by sales of a predefined level (orig. in the U.S., for a single with sales of $1 million: now also determined by copies sold). Applied chiefly attrib., as gold disc, etc., and as adv. (to go gold) to a record with such sales. Cf. platinum 2 d. orig. U.S.
1957Variety 9 Jan. 237/2 In 1940 Shaw's classic ‘Stardust’ and Miller's ‘Tuxedo Junction’ won each of them an additional gold record. 1958Ibid. 26 Feb. 43/1 The gold disk awards will continue to be made by the individual manufacturer. 1969New Yorker 1 Mar. 38/3 His records sell extremely well—since 1964 he has had three gold albums..and three gold singles. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 7 Aug. 16/3 The Outlaws..climbed high on the popular music charts..and then went ‘gold’, earning more than $1 million in sales. 1977Maclean's Mag. 5 Sept. 31/1 Her last six singles all shot to number one on the national country music charts, and the first album she recorded for rca..went ‘gold’ (it sold more than 50,000 copies in Canada). 1977Music Week 18 June 39 Top 60 Albums... Gold LP ({pstlg}300,000 on or after 1st Jan. '77). Ibid. 41 Top 50 Singles... ½ million (gold). 1984[see platinum 3].
9. General comb.:
a. attributive, as gold-balance, gold-coast, gold-country, gold-lode, gold-ore, gold-scales, gold-vein, gold-yield.
1530Palsgr. 226/1 *Golde balance, poix, trebuchet.
1877Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 66 The *gold-coast of Klamath and Del Norte.
1831Carlyle Sart. Res. (1858) 127 We are to guide our British Friends into the new *Gold-country, and show them the mines.
1877Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 352 Some promising *gold-lodes have also been found.
1340–70Alex. & Dind. 525 Þe grauel of the ground was of *gold ore. 1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1270/1 The blacke stone, which the goldfiners had said to hold gold, and therefore called the same Gold ore. 1638Sanderson Serm. (1681) II. 98 The poor Indians..parting with a massie lump of gold-ore for a three-halfpeny knife.
1638A. Tounshend in Cary Romulus & T. To Author, A vj b, In their *Gold-scales to weigh both him and you.
1565Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Aurum, Venæ auri, *golde veynes. 1683Pettus Fleta Min. ii. ii. 109 There also Flinty and Horn-stony Gold Veins.
1877Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 234 The *gold-yield was not less than $150,000.
b. objective, as gold-bearing, † gold-breathing, gold-containing, gold-producing, gold-promising, gold-seeking, gold-staining adjs.: gold-finding, gold-gathering, gold-milling, gold-mining, gold-seeking; gold-broker, gold-diviner, gold-falsifier, gold-hunter, gold-layer, gold-miner, gold-prospector, gold-refiner, gold-seeker. Also gold-beater, gold-finer, gold-washer, etc.
1799M. Park Trav. (ed. 2) 304 Were the *gold-bearing streams to be traced to their fountains. 1879Encycl. Brit. X. 742/2 Gold-bearing deposits. 1894Pop. Sci. Monthly June 174 The northern rivers and creeks have gold-bearing sand.
1600Nashe Summers Last Will 1493 Wks. (Grosart) VI. 145 *Golde-breathing Alcumists.
1882Rep. to Ho. Repr. Prec. Met. U.S. 539 A broad *gold-containing zone.
1871B. Taylor Faust (1875) II. i. ii. 18 Along what shafts and mines corroded, The *gold-diviner's steps are goaded.
1593Nashe Strange News To Gentlm. Rdrs., Wks. (Grosart) II. 184 Our forenamed *Gold-falsifiers.
1852Earp Gold Col. Australia 5 Many poor men make fortunes..by the lottery of *gold-finding.
1877Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 19 During the early days of *gold-gathering.
1852G. S. Rutter (title), Hints to *Gold-hunters. 1890Boldrewood Miner's Right v. 48 One of the reckless gold-hunters.
1565Cooper Thesaurus, Bractearius,..a *golde layer: a gilter.
1853Visit to Australia iii. 82 Unless the great body of *gold miners should themselves be seized with a fit of reflection, we can see but little hope. 1860H. Greeley Overland Journey 142 Experienced gold-miners from Georgia, California, and even Australia. 1934Times Lit. Suppl. 4 Jan. 2/3 The Lydenburg gold-miners (mostly British), and the Boers of that district also, were contemptuous of Pretoria. 1960G. Blainey Mines in Spinifex viii. 70 He wrote a letter..to an uncle who was a gold miner in Victoria.
1852J. A. Phillips (title), *Gold-mining and Assaying: a Scientific Guide for Australian Emigrants.
1852Mill Pol. Econ. (ed. 3) II. iii. ix. §2. 26 A pound weight of gold will, in the *gold-producing countries, ultimately tend to exchange for as much of every other commodity, as is produced at a cost equal to its own. 1943Wyndham Lewis Let. 26 Jan. (1963) 343 This [sc. Canada] is after Africa the second largest gold-producing centre on the planet. 1970Encycl. Brit. X. 536A/1 The major gold-producing areas are in British Columbia, Ontario..and the Northwest Territories.
1894H. Nesbit Bush Girl's Rom. 197 The *gold-promising quartz predominated.
1893Month Feb. 205 He had been found alive by a party of *gold-prospectors.
1891Pall Mall G. 10 Dec. 7/2 A *gold-refiner of Clerkenwell, proved buying a quantity of silver from Clapham.
1852Earp Gold Col. Australia 130 A system which should give encouragement to *gold seekers.
1887Pall Mall G. 28 Oct. 11/2 The prosecution of..*gold-seeking in the Kimberley district. 1890Boldrewood Miner's Right xv. 150 The great gold-seeking multitude had swelled..to the population of a province.
1603J. Davies Microcosmos, Extasie Wks. (Grosart) I. 91/1 Vpon the verge of whose *gold-stayning haire, Illustrious Saphires ev'nly ranked were.
c. instrumental (with pres. or pa. pple.) as gold-bound, gold-broidered, gold-ceiled, gold-daubed, gold decked, gold-embroidered, gold-enwoven, † gold-flourished, gold-graved, † gold-imbased, gold-inlaid, gold-lit, gold-made, gold-mounted, gold-rolling, gold-strung, gold-studded, gold-wrought, etc., adjs.
1605Shakes. Macb. iv. i. 114 Thy haire Thou other *Gold-bound-brow, is like the first.
1823Mrs. Hemans Siege Valencia ix. Poems (1875) 291 The *gold-broider'd mantle.
a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Poems Wks. (1711) 39/1 Nero's sky-resembling *gold-ceil'd halls.
1598E. Guilpin Skial. (1878) 56 All in *gold-dawbed sutes.
1627May Lucan iii. E ij b, Arimaspians With *gold deck'd lockes.
1647R. Stapylton Juvenal vi. 506 Her faire *gold-embroyder'd garment. 1954L. MacNeice Autumn Sequel 61 Gold-embroidered brocade.
1867Morris Jason xvii. 660 The *gold-enwoven crown.
1593Nashe Christ's T. Wks. (Grosart) IV. 214 Though we glister it neuer so in our..*golde-florisht garments.
1875Browning Aristoph. Apol. 365 A *gold-graved writing.
1602Warner Alb. Eng. ix. xlvi. 218 Our *gold-imbased World.
1863Longfellow Wayside Inn, Saga K. Olaf ii. 77 Harness *gold-inlaid and burnished.
1855Woman's Devotion II. 154 Her lovely *gold-lit ringlets.
1630Drayton Moses iii. 302 A *gold-made god how durst you euer name?
1828Scott Jrnl. 26 May, A *gold-mounted pair of glasses.
a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Poems Wks. (1711) 4/1 *Gold-rolling Tagus.
1607Lingua iii. vii. G 3 b, The *gold strung harpe of Apollo.
1870Bryant Iliad I. i. 14 Pelides to the ground Flung the *gold-studded wand.
1625K. Long tr. Barclay's Argenis v. xvii. 392 A garland of *Gold-wrought Purple.
d. similative, as gold-bright, gold-bronze, gold-brown, † gold-burned, gold-green (n. and adj.), gold-like, gold-red, gold-yellow adjs.
1839Bailey Festus xix. (1848) 225 *Gold-bright stars.
1909Westm. Gaz. 23 Oct. 7 Her *gold-bronze hair was dressed low on her neck. a1930D. H. Lawrence Last Poems (1932) 204 Gold-bronze flutters beat through the thick upper air.
1881Wilde Poems 154 Dame Jeannette had not that *gold-brown hair. 1944Blunden Shells by Stream 39 And coloured, like a country grange, Gold-browns and bluebell grays.
c1430Lydg. Compl. Bl. Knt. v, The sonne, *gold-burned in his spere.
1830Tennyson Recoll. Arab. Nts. 82 Flush'd all the leaves with rich *gold-green. 1863Kingsley Water-Bab. i. 11 The great elm-trees in the gold-green meadows.
1589Warner Alb. Eng. iv. xx. 86 A Globe-like head, a *Gold-like haire. 1839Bailey Festus xiv. (1848) 147 Hands..Whose gold-like touch makes kings of men.
1871Palgrave Lyr. Poems 75 The *gold-red apples.
1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 31 b/2 With *gouldeyellow strokes. 1887Pall Mall G. 5 Nov. 4/2 Gold-yellow silk stockings.
e. parasynthetic, as gold-backed, gold-banded, gold-capped, gold-chained, gold-clasped, gold-crested, gold-fringed, gold-haired, gold-headed, gold-hilted, gold-rimmed, gold-robed, gold-sanded, gold-stopped, gold-striped, gold-walled, gold-winged adjs.
1874Hotten Slang Dict. 179 *Goldbacked uns, body lice. 1963C. R. Cowell et al. Inlays, Crowns & Bridges vii. 66 A very close bite may necessitate a gold-backed crown.
1860Dickens Let. 24 Sept., [Sydney] stood waving the *gold-banded cap.
1742Pope Dunc. iv. 117 Three hundred *gold-capt youths.
1905Daily Chron. 27 Feb. 4/7 This first of Count Benckendorff's predecessors..was received..by eighty *goldchained City merchants.
1861C. M. Yonge Stokesley Secret iii. (1862) 44 A *gold-clasped Prayer Book.
1880G. Meredith Tragic Com. (1881) 37 Lucretia the gold-haired; the *gold-crested serpent.
1685Lond. Gaz. No. 2094/4 He has a pair of *Gold-fringed Gloves.
1621G. Sandys Ovid's Met. vi. 131 The *gold-haird mother.
1725Congreve Will & Test. (1730) 7 Item, To Col. Charles Churchill..my *Gold-headed Cane.
1895A. Nutt in K. Meyer Voy. Bran I. 180 A *gold-hilted sword.
1900‘S. Grand’ Babs (1901) xxxix, Mr. Jellybond Tinney adjusted his *gold-rimmed pince-nez. 1965A. Nicol Truly Married Woman 17 He unfolded his gold-rimmed spectacles.
1855Browning Men & Women II. Popularity ix, When *gold-robed he took the throne.
1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. iii. 122 *Gold-sanded Tagus.
1915E. Corri 30 Yrs. Boxing Ref. vii. 149 The good-natured black giant..smiled and laughed all the time, revealing his rows of glittering, *gold-stopped teeth. 1948C. Day Lewis Otterbury Incident 5 He grinned a lot, showing his bad teeth and a gold-stopped one.
1833Penny Cycl. I. 78/2 The Red or *Gold-striped [variety of maple].
1655Stanley Hist. Philos. i. (1701) 53/2 Crœsus..Who to his Gods did *Gold-wall'd Temples build.
1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. ii. ii. Babylon 536 *Gold-winged Morpheus.
10. a. Special comb.: gold-amalgam, gold combined with mercury in a soft or plastic state (applied by Schneider in 1848 to a native form found in small white grains); gold-bank (see quot.); † gold-beat, † -beaten ppl. adjs., adorned with beaten gold; gold-beating, the act or process of beating out gold into leaf; gold beetle U.S., a name for various beetles of the families Chrysomelidæ and Cassididæ; gold beryl = chrysoberyl; gold bloc, the bloc of countries having a gold standard; gold blocking (see quot. 1960); gold-bob, a gold ornament (see bob n.1); gold-book = book n. 13; gold braid, a collective slang name for naval officers or senior prison warders; gold-bug U.S., (a) = gold-beetle (Funk); (b) a plutocrat, millionaire; also ‘a political nickname for an advocate of a single (gold) standard’ (Funk); gold bullion standard Economics (see quots. and cf. sense 8 c above); gold-carp = goldfish; gold certificate U.S., a certificate or note certifying that gold to the amount stated on the face of the certificate has been deposited and is available for redeeming it; gold clause U.S. (see quots.); gold-cloth, cloth of gold (see cloth n. 9 c); gold-copper ore, ore yielding both gold and copper; gold-digging, (a) the action or occupation of digging for gold; also fig. (cf. gold-digger 2) and as ppl. adj.; (b) pl. the place where gold-digging is carried on; † gold-drawer, one who draws gold wire; gold-dredge(r, a dredger by means of which gold is dug up from river-beds, etc.; so gold-dredging; gold-driver = gold-beater 1; gold-drop slang, a gold coin; gold-dropper (see quot. 1785); † gold-end-man, one who buys up broken pieces of gold; gold-fever, the rage for going in search of gold; gold-film (glass) (see quot. 1958); † gold-finger, the third or ring-finger; goldfinny, a fish of the wrasse family (see quot.); gold flat (see flat n.3 8 f); † gold-flint, flint containing gold; gold-flux, = aventurine 1; gold-fringe, a moth (see quot.); † gold-ground a., having a ground of gold; gold-hammer, a gold-beater's hammer; gold-head, a., gold-headed; gold-heart a., gold-hearted; † gold-hewn = gold-beaten; † gold-house, a treasury; gold-hunger, keen desire for gold; gold-lip, a yellow-edged oyster shell, used as money in parts of Melanesia; † gold-mestling, brass; gold-mill, a mill in which gold ore is crushed; also fig.; † gold-mint, a place where gold is coined; gold-mouthed a., whose speech is golden; gold-note (U.S.), a bank-note payable only in gold; gold-pan = pan n.1 2 e; † gold-paper = gold-foil; gold plate, vessels made of gold; gold-plating, gold in thin sheets; gold point (see quot. 1925); gold-powder, gold in the form of or reduced to powder; † also, in 18th c., ? the name of some quack medicine; † gold-proof a., proof against being bribed or tempted by gold; gold-purple (see quot.); † gold-quarrel, a gold-mine; gold-quartz, quartz containing gold; freq. attrib.; gold-rain = golden rain (see quot. and golden a. 10); gold reserve, the reserve [reserve n. 1 b] of gold coin or bullion held by a central authority, bank, etc.; gold-rush, a rush to goldfields in search of gold; gold salt, a salt of gold; in Pharm., esp. any of several compounds containing gold and sulphur that have been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus; gold-sand, sand containing particles of gold; also fig.; gold-shell, a shell on which powdered gold mixed with gum water is spread for painters' use; goldsinny = goldfinny; gold-size, a size laid on as a surface on which to apply gold-leaf; gold-skin, ? goldbeater's skin; gold-solder, † (a) = chrysocolla 1; (b) an alloy for soldering gold; gold-spangle, gold-spot, names of moths (see quots.); gold-stone, † (a) (see quot. 1626); (b) a piece of gold ore; (c) (see quot. 1850); (d) = aventurine 1 (in some mod. Dicts.); † gold-stroke, the rubbing of gold on a touchstone in order to test it; gold swift, a moth (see quot.); gold-tail (moth), the moth Porthesia chrysorrhæa; gold therapy, treatment with sodium aurothiomalate or other compounds containing gold (see gold salt); gold-thirst, intense desire for gold; so gold-thirsty adj.; gold-thread (see quot. 1727–41); gold-tipped a., having a gold tip; spec. of a cigarette having a band of gilded paper at one end; gold-washed a., thinly plated with gold; gold-web, † (a) cloth of gold; (b) (see quot. 1769); † gold-worm, a glow-worm.
1850Dana Min. 555 *Gold Amalgam..In small white grains as large as a pea.
1889Century Dict., *Gold-bank, a national banking association of a class organized under United States Revised Statutes to issue notes payable in gold coin.
c1374Chaucer Anel. & Arc. 24 Theseus with the laurer corovned, in his chare *gold bete.
c1386― Knt.'s T. 1642 (Harl. MS.) *Gold-beten [other MSS. gold-hewen] helmes. c1394P. Pl. Crede 188 And louely ladies y-wrouȝt..In many gay garmentes þat weren gold-beten.
1763–6W. Lewis Comm. Phil.-Techn. 50 The process of *gold-beating is considerably influenced by the weather.
1807A. Aikin Dict. Chem. & Min. I. 539 *Gold Beryl.
1935Economist 12 Jan. 57/2 The figures for the *gold bloc countries reveal a noticeable contrast between the movement of French wholesale prices on the one hand and of Italian and German prices on the other. 1970Encycl. Brit. X. 548/2 A small group of continental countries led by France continued the struggle to maintain convertibility at the old price until 1936. This gold bloc collapsed because the depreciation of sterling and the dollar meant that the exports of the gold bloc countries were at a competitive disadvantage in world markets.
1902Ibid. XXVI. 302/2 In the matter of *gold blocking there must be great care exercised in the matter of the heat of the block. 1960G. A. Glaister Gloss. Bk. 155 Gold blocking, the stamping of a design on a book cover, using a heated die or block in a press, and gold leaf.
1694Echard Plautus 95 Top-knots, Fingle Fangles, and *Gold-Bobs.
1933G. Ingram Stir (ed. 2) iii. 52 The chief warder... All the screws get their orders through him. The other *gold braid you 'ave to be careful of are the principals, those blokes with the gold braid on the peaks of their caps. 1945‘Tackline’ Holiday Sailor xi. 113 There'd be more gold-braid than that, buzzing around like a fly in a strange gash-basket.
1933B. Ellinger This Money Business i. 6 After the Act of 1925 it was only gold bullion which could be obtained in exchange for notes, and therefore it was known as the ‘*gold bullion standard’ instead of the vaguer term ‘gold standard’. 1948G. Crowther Outl. Money (ed. 2) ix. 280 When gold coins do not circulate, but the Central Bank is nevertheless under legal obligation to buy and sell gold in exchange for currency at a fixed price..it is known as the ‘gold bullion standard’.
1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. (ed. 4) 107 Crucian Carp, *Gold Carp.
1864Santa Fe Weekly New Mexican 27 May 2/3 The boys in New York..join[ed] in the procession of *gold certificate buyers. 1935Economist 23 Feb. 415/1 The changes in the item ‘gold certificates’ have given some suggestion that the fund has been used in greater volume than has been expressed in gold movements to date.
1935Ibid. 19 Jan. 116/1 The clause..was quite definite, calling for payment in United States gold coin of the weight and fineness existing at the time of the issue of the bond. The holding, and..receipt, of gold coin was made illegal last year and Congress passed a resolution invalidating all ‘*gold clause’ contracts. 1965J. L. Hanson Dict. Econ. 201/1 A ‘gold clause’, which offers lenders the security of repayment in terms of the gold equivalent of the currency at the time the loan was floated.
1868Morris Earthly Par. (1870) I. i. 287 *Gold cloth so wrought that nought of gold seemed there.
1906Daily Chron. 26 Jan. 4/5 A large deposit of *gold-copper ore. 1908Westm. Gaz. 1 July 6/3 There are piles of gold-copper ore.
1802Monthly Mag. XIV. 93/1 (title) *Gold-digging ants, and the griffins of the ancients. 1831Boston Transcript 27 May 2/3 Gold digging, combined with slave holding, may always keep those states a whole century behind their neighbors. 1927Cleveland Press 29 Jan., The charge of gold-digging is one of the major counts in Browning's [divorce] case. 1928Daily Tel. 18 Sept. 6/5 She feels the consequences of a ‘gold-digging’ mother's love affairs without entirely understanding them. Ibid. 16 Oct. 10/7 She will go to his house, and (in the American phrase) do a little gold-digging—without, you understand, giving anything in return. 1936I. L. Idriess Cattle King xiii. 121 So started the first ration store on the gold-diggings at Tibooburra. 1958Times 2 Oct. 3/1 To his gold-digging mistress the publisher..is an ageing man foolishly pretending to be younger than he is.
1852Earp Gold Col. Australia 160 A case of extraordinary success at the *gold-diggings has been related to us. 1869Blackmore Lorna D. lxi, Because of my refusal to become a slave to the gold-digging.
1536–7P.P. Exp. P'cess Mary (1831) 12 Payed to the *goldedrawer for Pypes and pyrles for a gowne to my ladys grace vijli. xviijs.
[1945Jefferson Co. Republican (Golden, Colo.) 31 Oct. 2/1 The troops visited a large gold mining dredge.] 1948P. Johnston Lost & Living Cities Calif. Gold Rush 25/1 Land that has once been mined by a *gold dredge is utterly ruined for all time.
1901Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 1 Oct. 10/4 The new North Thompson River *gold dredger, in a fraction over four days' actual gold dredging operations, secured 32 ounces of gold. 1909Daily Chron. 23 Jan. 1/1 Houses have been swept away [in the Transvaal] and a gold-dredger has been sunk.
1892W. E. Swanton Notes on N.Z. iii. 159 The Gillespie Beach *Gold Dredging Company['s]..object is to dredge the sea at the mouth of the Grey River and bring up the sand and mud, which contain large quantities of gold-dust washed down by the stream. 1959A. McLintock Descr. Atlas N.Z. p. xvi, The unsightly piles of gravel or ‘tailings’..a legacy from the gold-dredging boom of 60 years ago.
1662Elegy on Cleveland 21 in C.'s Wks. (1687) 284 As *Gold-drivers that make Spangles rare, Do beat the yielding Metal into Air.
1797M. Robinson Walsingham II. 176 So touch the *gold drops..divide them among you.
a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, *Gold-droppers, Sweetners, Cheats, Sharpers. 1785Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue, Gold-droppers, sharpers who drop a piece of gold, which they pick up in the presence of some unexperienced person for whom the trap is laid; this they pretend to have found [etc.].
1605Marston, etc. Eastward Hoe v. i. G 3 b, His daughter that he has married a sciruy *gold-end man & his Prentise. 1610B. Jonson Alch. ii. i, He looks like a gold-end-man.
1847Californian (San Francisco) 22 May 4/1 After the *gold fever was over, these ships were very successful in taking oil in the bay. 1888Barbour Clara ix. 13 The gold fever coursed through every vein.
1958Chambers's Techn. Dict. (ed. 2) 983/1 *Gold-film glass, glass incorporating a thin gold film which can be electrically heated for demisting and de-icing. 1962Engineering 2 Feb. 179/1 Heated gold-film windows for the flight deck of the de Havilland Trident aircraft.
c1000ælfric Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 158/36 Medicus, uel annularis, *goldfinger.
1836Yarrell Brit. Fishes I. 296 The *Goldfinny, or Goldsinny, Crenilabrus Cornubicus.
1683Pettus Fleta Min. ii. i. 101 *Gold flints which have not only Gold but silver also. 1694Salmon Bate's Disp. (1715) 536/2 This Tincture if it be made out of Gold-Flints, Pebles, or Sand, is none of the least Medicines.
1884Cassell's Encycl. Dict., *Gold-flux, avanturine.
1819G. Samouelle Entomol. Compend. 427 Pyralis costalis, the *gold Fringe.
1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. iii. 1144 His Wardrobe..With *gold-ground Velvets.
1763–6W. Lewis Comm. Phil.-Techn. 48 The *gold hammer, or finishing hammer weighs ten or eleven pounds.
1606Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iv. ii. Magnificence 722 *Gold-head darts.
1869Morris Earthly Par. (1870) III. iv. 6 Maidens' feet Brushing the *gold-heart lilies.
c1386*Gold hewen [see gold-beaten]. c1400Sege Jerus. 755 Þe gold-hewen helme haspeþ he blyue.
14..MS. Cantab. Ff. 2. 38, lf. 133 (Halliw.) The kyng to hys *golde-hows toke hys way.
1652H. L'Estrange Americans no Jewes 64 And being still whetted and sharpned on with *Gold-hunger, their sword devoured many Myriades of the Americans.
1908E. J. Banfield Confessions of Beachcomber ii. i. 267 When such a prize as a *gold-lip shell was found, it was used to the last possible fragment. 1929A. B. Lewis Melanesian Shell Money 11 In south⁓western New Britain a [pearl] shell of the golden yellow variety (‘gold-lip’) was specially valued. 1957M. West Kundu ii. 29 Time was when a man's wealth was measured by the number of his pigs or by his store of gold-lip shell.
a1100Ags. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 334 Auricalcum, *goldmæslinc. a1200Ibid. 550 Auricalcum, goldmestling. a1400Plowman's T. i. 187 Styroppes gay of gold-mastling.
1683Pettus Fleta Min. ii. iv. 118 The building up of the *Gold-Mill. 1881Stevenson Virg. Puerisque 127 Hours..dedicated to furious moiling in the gold-mill.
1530Palsgr. 226/1 *Goldemynt.
1593Donne Sat. vi. 9 Poems (Grosart) I. 51 *Gold-mouth'd Spencer.
1873J. Miller Life amongst Modocs 57 [The miners]..washed their hands and faces in the *gold-pan that stood by the door. 1901Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 22 Oct. 1/5 The party of six men had but one gold pan.
1463Bury Wills (Camden) 34 An ymage of oure lady in *gold papyr. 1545Rates Custom ho. b iij b, Golde papers the groce ii.s.
1864Pusey Lect. Daniel ii. 91 A magnificent temple..its whole walls covered with *gold-plating.
1882Peel City Guardian 2 Dec., The New York exchange has kept hovering at only a little above the *gold point. 1925S. E. Thomas Elem. Econ. xxix. 461 We find that the rates at which one currency will exchange for another fluctuate between two limits on each side of the Mint Par, marking the points at which it becomes more profitable to send or to receive gold rather than to send or receive a credit instrument. These theoretical limits are known as the gold points. 1930J. M. Keynes Treat. Money II. 320 The degree of separation of the gold points is a vital factor in the problem of managing a country's currency.
1743–4Mrs. Delany Life & Corr. (1861) II. 250 Your letter..I believe drove away my headache..: every testimony of your love and friendship is better to me than *gold-powder or sal volatile. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 612 The mechanical mode [of gilding] is the application of gold leaf or gold powder to various surfaces.
a1611Beaum. & Fl. Maid's Trag. v. iv, Art thou *gold-proof? There's for thee.
1849–50Weale Dict. Terms, *Gold purple, or Cassius's purple precipitate, the compound oxide which is precipitated upon mixing the solutions of gold and tin.
c1475Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 798/11 Aurifodina, a *goldquarelle.
1850Calif. Courier (San Francisco) 18 July 2/3 If *gold quartz rock comes in, in this way, we will begin to believe that..we are wrong. 1908Chambers's Jrnl. Sept. 637/1 The discovery of some very rich gold-quartz veins.
1672Venn Compleat Gunner iii. x. 19 *Gold-rain. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Gold-rain, (Pyrotechnics), small cubes ½ inch square, used instead of stars for rockets, etc.
1870N.Y. Herald 8 July 4/3 [The national banks'] interests..lie in a paper circulation only, and in not being compelled to hold a *gold reserve. 1879A. J. Wilson Banking Reform vii. 189 More stringent provisions for maintaining an adequate gold reserve would be required here than seems to have been thought necessary in the American Union. 1967Times 5 July 1/8 Britain's gold and convertible currency reserves fell by {pstlg}43m. last month.
1893G. Tregarthen Austral. Commw. 158 The *gold-rush had introduced many unruly spirits.
1849Q. Jrnl. Chem. Soc. Lond. I. 169 The crystals are a mixture of the *gold salts of cyaniline and aniline. 1907G. S. Newth Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. (ed. 12) iii. v. 568 Most metals, when placed in a solution of a gold salt, precipitate the gold. 1937Lancet 9 Oct. 840/1 The cause of the jaundice is the temporary toxic effect of the gold salts upon the liver cells. 1970Guardian 20 Feb. 6/7 People being treated with gold salt for rheumatoid arthritis have no cause for concern.
1683Pettus Fleta Min. ii. i. 101 [A river] too small to inrich so many Gold-Mines with *Gold-sand. 1873E. Brennan Witch of Nemi, etc. 258 As the gold-sand of life disappears.
a1705Ray Syn. Pisc. (1713) 163 *Gold-sinny, Cornubiensium. 1769Pennant Zool. III. 209 The tail..of the Goldsinny is even at the end.
1611Cotgr., Assiette à dorer, size to gild with, *gold size. 1842Brande Dict. Sci., etc., Gold size..is drying oil mixed with calcined red ochre.
1545Rates Custom ho. b iij b, *Golde skinnes the kyppe xiii.s. iiiid.
1601Holland Pliny II. 454 marg., Chrysocolla, i. *Gold-soder. 1842Francis Dict. Arts, Gold Solder, the alloy used for soldering gold articles is [etc.].
1819G. Samouelle Entomol. Compend. 403 Noctua bractea, the *gold Spangle.
Ibid. 422 Noctua Festucæ, the *gold Spot.
1626Bacon Sylva §960 The *Gold-Stone, which is the Yellow Topaze. 1683Pettus Fleta Min. ii. ii. 112 If there be a great quantity of the Gold-stones, then there may be made more Ovens. 1850Ainsworth Ovingdean Grange vi. iv. (1860) 196 An enormous mass of breccia, or goldstone, as the common folk call it.
1683Pettus Fleta Min. ii. x. 128 That every Assayer may..so well order his *Gold stroak, that he may not be esteem'd as one without understanding.
1819G. Samouelle Entomol. Compend. 397 Hepialus hectus, the *gold Swift.
1816Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1817) II. 21 The *gold-tail-moth.
1937Lancet 9 Oct. 840/2 Nervous complications are perhaps the rarest seen in *gold therapy. 1970A. & E. F. Grollman Pharmacol. & Therapeutics (ed. 7) xlii. 926/1 It would thus appear that [for rheumatoid arthritis] conservative therapy..is the preferred method of treatment and that the hazards of gold therapy do not support its use.
a1618Sylvester St. Lewis 423 A heart whose *Gold-Thirst never sat is.
1568Bible (Bishops') Isa. xiv. 4 How hath the oppressour ceased? and the *gold thirstie Babel rested?
c1386Chaucer Monk's T. 485 Nettes of *gold threed hadde he greet plentee. 1623Massinger Bondman ii. iii, Cheating heirs With your new counterfeit gold thread and gummed velvets. 1727–41Chambers Cycl., Gold Thread, or spun Gold, is a flatted gold wrapped, or laid over a thread of silk, by twisting it with a wheel, and iron bobins.
1882‘Shway Yoe’ Burman I. xxiv. 311 The *gold-tipped ox-goad..is covered with jewels. 1904A. E. W. Mason Truants x. 92 Lighting a gold-tipped cigarette he..began to talk. 1951R. Senhouse tr. Colette's Chéri 174 Stub⁓ends of gold-tipped cigarettes.
1872E. Eggleston End of World ix. 65 Pewter watch-seals, *gold-washed.
c1420Sir Amadace (Camden) xlv, Thenne Sir Amadace he him cladde, And that was in a *gold webbe. 1769Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 189 To spin a Gold Web for covering Sweet-Meats..when your sugar is melted it will be of a gold colour, take your ladle off the fire, and begin to spin it with a knife.
1483Cath. Angl. 161/2 A *Golde worme, noctiluca.
b. in names of plants, as gold-balls = gold-cups; gold basket, Alyssum saxatile; gold-bloom, the marigold; gold-chain, (a) the stonecrop, Sedum acre; (b) the laburnum; † gold-crap, -cups, names of a species of Ranunculus; gold-flower, † (a) Helichrysum Stœchas; (b) the South African genus Gorteria; gold-knap, -knop(s = gold-cups; gold-lily, ? Amaryllis aurea; gold-moh(u)r, also gul mohur, the Indian name for Poinciana regia (or Delonix regia), an ornamental tree bearing scarlet flowers, which has been introduced into several tropical countries from Madagascar; cf. flamboyant n., peacock-flower; gold of pleasure, Camelina sativa; gold-seed (see quot.); gold-shrub, Palicourea speciosa (Treas. Bot. 1866); gold-thread, Coptis trifolia, so called from its fibrous yellow roots.
1854Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. (1857) I. 33 The Buttercup has several old English names..Gold Cups and *Gold Balls are names now almost forgotten.
1857Wright Dict. Obs. & Provinc. Eng., *Gold-bloom, the marigold.
1857Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. II. 331 Country people call it [Sedum acre]..*Gold Chain.
1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong., Des Bassinets, an herbe called crowfoote, *golde crap, or yelow crawe.
1578Lyte Dodoens iii. lxxiv. 421 Golde knoppe..y⊇ single and double, or els the garden *Golde⁓cuppe, and the wilde. 1849Reverberations ii. 45 Goldcups in the meadows.
1578Lyte Dodoens i. lxi. 89 *Golde floure, Motheworte, or Golden Stechados. 1812A. Plumtre Lichtenstein's S. Africa II. 166 The abundance of gorteria, gold-flowers, which grow upon its banks.
1552Huloet, *Gold-knappe, or yelow craye herbe,..batrachium, Chrisanthemum. 1736Ainsworth Lat. Dic. ii, Polyanthemon,..An herb called crowfoot, goldcup, or gold-knap.
1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 39 b, Crowfoote..It beareth yelowe flowers called *Goldknops.
1842Tennyson E. Morris 146 While the *gold-lily blows.
1874E. Lear Indian Jrnl. June (1953) viii. 147 The wonderful orange blossomed *gold-mohr tree is now a sight here as every compound has one or two in it, besides lots of other flowers. 1901A. Perrin East of Suez 83 The clambering bougainvillea and gold-mohur blossoms. 1953N. L. Bor Man. Indian Forest Bot. 71 The flowers of the Gul Mohur are described as having four scarlet petals, while the fifth, or standard, is variously variegated with gold and vermilion.
1597Gerarde Herbal ii. xxii. 214 *Golde of pleasure..is called properly Myagrum. 1882G. Allen Colours Flowers ii. 43 The most primitive and simple forms have yellow flowers, as in the case of..the gold-of-pleasure (Camelina sativa).
1855Morton Cycl. Agric. I. 596/2 These grains [of Cynosurus Cristatus] commonly called seeds, being yellow, give rise to the provincial name of *gold seed applied to the species.
1806Moore Epist. ix. 90 Where the *gold-thread loves to creep. 1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 7 The root of Coptis trifolia, or Gold-thread, is a pure and powerful bitter.
c. in the names of birds, as gold-breasted trumpeter, Psophia crepitans; gold-capped weaver bird, Ploceus icterocephalus; goldcrest = golden-crested wren (see wren); gold-hammer, the yellow-hammer; gold-head, the pochard, Fuligula ferina; gold robin, the Baltimore oriole.
1783Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds II. ii. 793 *Gold-breasted Trumpeter.
1868Wood Homes without H. xi. 205 The beautiful nest of the *Gold-capped Weaver bird.
1824T. Forster Peren. Cal. in Hone Every-day Bk. II. 119 The king Of birds the *goldcrest.
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), *Gold-hammer, a Bird.
1744State Co. Down xviii. 230 Called the Pochard, or red-headed Widgeon, and in this County..commonly the *Gold Head.
1872Whittier Pennsylv. Pilgrim 436 The *gold-robin cried A-swing upon his elm.
Senses II. 8–10 in Dict. become II. 9–11. Add: [I.] 8. pl. Comm. Shares in the gold-mining industry.
1905Economist 23 Dec. 2094/1 Indian and New Zealand Golds are slightly weaker. 1964Financial Times 12 Mar. 1/5 The rise in South African Golds began to falter in quieter trading. 1984Times 31 Mar. 22/2 Golds were a few cents down.
[II.] [11.] [a.] gold card, a preferential credit or charge card allowing the holder access to a range of benefits and financial services not available to regular card-holders (a proprietary name in some applications, esp. in U.S.); also transf.
1970Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 3 Feb. tm32/1 *Gold card... For guaranteeing the payment of checks issued by depositors through the issuance of identification cards... First use Mar. 15, 1968. 1975Business Week 4 Aug. 53/3 American Express also is negotiating with the banks to provide reciprocal privileges that will allow any gold card holder..to use cash-dispensing electronic terminals operated by any of the banks. 1983Financial Times 2 Apr. 7 Payment can be deferred by using a gold card—like that offered by American Express—which guarantees an overdraft on a bank account and also offers higher levels of insurance than on a standard card. 1986Sunday Express 17 Aug. 22/4 Travellers get ‘special’ treatment whichever gold card they use. 1990Los Angeles May 20/4 How long can it be before Sony shoguns Jon Peters and Peter Guber start dropping their gold cards at the restaurants and clubs of the trendy new Culver City?
▸ gold panner n. orig. U.S. = panner n. 1.
1928N.Y. Times 28 July 12/2 The steam miner has become the technical brother of the *gold panner and driller for oil. 1997San Diego Union-Tribune (Electronic ed.) 29 Aug. e14 He rode horseback into the state of Minas Geiras.., negotiating with wildcat miners and gold panners.
▪ II. gold2 Obs. exc. dial.|gəʊld|
Forms; α. 1, 4–6 golde, 5 goolde, 6 goold, gowl(e, 4– gold, 6– gould (9 dial. goode, goud). β. Sc. (and north.) 6 guld, guilde, 6, 8 guild, 8 guil(l, gule, gool, 8–9 gull.
[OE. golde wk. fem., app. related to gold1: the marigold is called ‘gold-flower’ in several of the cognate languages, as Du. goudbloem, goudsbloem (MDu. goutbloeme), G. goldblume, Sw. guldblomma.
In many dialects there is a difference in pronunciation between this n. and gold1. In the name of the plant, as also in mould:—OE. molde, the northern dialects have generally the vowel ordinarily corresponding to OE. ó, ME. close ō, while in gold1 the pronunciation descends normally from OE. gŏld, ME. gôld. (Cf. esp. Sc. guil(d, corn-marigold, with gowd, the metal.) The difference is doubtless due to the fact that the one word was disyllabic, the other monosyllabic, in OE. and early ME.]
1.
†a. The marigold (Calendula officinalis). Obs.
b. The corn-marigold (Chrysanthemum segetum). Freq. in pl.
c. (see quot. 1882). ¶ Sometimes used by early writers to render L. intuba or cichorea (endive or chicory).
The mediæval L. names solsequium, heliotropium, &c. denote the marigold (Calendula), the sunflower (Helianthus annuus) being then unknown in Europe. In mod. dialect use the name of ‘white gold’ is sometimes given to the ox-eye daisy (Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum), the corn-marigold being then distinguished as the ‘yellow gold’ (Britten and Holland 1879).
αc1000Ags. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 301/6 Solsequia, golde. [13..Beauchief Abbey Charter in Monast. Anglic. (1661) II. 610 De terris suis..à goldis mundandis. 1373Durham Halmote Rolls (Surtees) 118 Injunctum est omnibus tenentibus villæ quod evacuent quandam herbam vocatam gold.] c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1071 Ialousye, That wered of yelewe gooldes a gerland. 1390Gower Conf. II. 356 She sprong up out of the molde Into a flour, was named golde, Which stant governed of the sonne. c1420Pallad. on Husb. v. 97 Oynouns, myntes, goordes, & goldys [L. intubæ]. c1440Promp. Parv. 202/1 Goolde, herbe, solsequium..calendula. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §20 There be diuers maner of wedes, as thistyls..darnolde, gouldes. Ibid. Golds..is an yll wede, and groweth commonlye in barleye and pees. 1527Andrew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters cclxxxii. T iv a, Water of the herbe of gowles or ruddes. Cicorea, sponsa solis Sol sequium in latyn. 1595Spenser Col. Clout 341 With Roses dight and Goolds. 1612Drayton Poly-olb. xv. 166 The crimsin Darnell Flower, the Blew-bottle, and Gold. 1629Parkinson Paradisi lxiii. 298 We call them in English generally, either Golds or Marigolds. 1633Gerarde's Herbal Suppl., White Golds is great Daisy. 1790W. Marshall Midl. Co. II. 437 Gloss., Golds, chrysanthemum segetum;—corn marigolds. 1882Lanc. Gloss., Goode (N. Lanc.) the ox-eye daisy. 1886S.W. Linc. Gloss., Goud or Gold, the yellow Corn Marigold.
β1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) II. 164 He that sufferis his land to be fild with guld, or siclik unproffitabil wedis [etc.]. 1563Winȝet Wks. (1890) II. 59 Fra hand spring wp guild and humlokis. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. Table 81 Guilde (quhilk is ane pernicious herbe, or rather ane wide). 17..Scottish Saying in Jamieson s.v., The Gool, and the Gordon, and the Hudy Craw Are the greatest curses ever Moray saw. 1794Statist. Acc. Scotl. XIII. 537 A weed with a yellow flower that grows among the corns, especially in wet seasons, called Gool. 1794Hutchinson Hist. Cumb. I. 220 note, Gulls, a weed which infested the cornland, totally rooted out. 1878Cumbld. Gloss., Gull, the corn-marigold.
2. Comb., as gold flower; also goldweed, gold-wort = sense 1. Also † gool-riding Sc., the custom of searching fields for ‘golds’, a fine being imposed on the farmer for each plant found; so gool-rider.
c1325Gloss. W. de Biblesw. in Wright Voc. 162 Cy crest la flur de surcye [glossed golde-flurs (solicle)]. a1400Med. MS. in Archæol. XXX. 367 Y⊇ golde flour is good to sene. c1400Med. Wks. 14th C. (1899) 45 Take mat-felon and flouris of gold-wort. c1450Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 86/1 Incuba, sponsa solis..goldwort. Ibid. 88/1 Kalendula, sponsa solis..golduurt uel rodes. 1744–50W. Ellis Mod. Husbandm. II. i. 19, I saw a Field of Barley..full of this Gould-weed. 1794Statist. Acc. Scotl. XIII. 537 An old custom takes place in this parish [Cargill], called Gool-riding..Certain persons stiled gool-riders, were appointed to ride through the fields, search for gool, and [etc.]. |