| 释义 |
gownsman|ˈgaʊnzmən|
Also 6–8 gownman.
[f. gown n. + man; cf. craft(s)man, draught(s)man, sword(s)man, etc.]
†1. (Used to translate L. togātus.) An adult Roman; a Roman as distinguished from one of another nation. Obs.
1579–80North Plutarch (1676) 443 He called Lucullus, Xerxes the Gownman, as if he would have said, Xerxes the Roman. Ibid. 959 Four years after that, he became a Gownman, though he were but young.
2. One wearing the gown, or ‘dress of peace’ (cf. gown n. 3 and L. togātus); a civilian, in contradistinction to a soldier.
1607–12Bacon Ess., Seditions & Troubles (Arb.) 414 But lett such one, be an assured one..holding good Correspondence with the gowne Men. 1643Wither Campo Musæ 15 The Gownman, must a Swordman, learne to be. 1699T. C[ockman] Tully's Offices (1706) 77 The Publick receives as much Benefit from Gownsmen..as it doth from Soldiers. 1719D'Urfey Pills II. 253 Let the politick Gown-man Tread the Mazes of the State. 1757Burke Abridgm. Eng. Hist. Wks. X. 455 It was rather a military spirit, than that of the gownman. 1759Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) IV. lx. 516 The soldiery..were more desirous of serving under a young prince of spirit and vivacity than under a committee of talking gown-men. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. ix. II. 485 Military men are seldom disposed to take counsel with gownsmen on military matters.
3. One who wears a gown as an indication of his office, profession, or standing.
a. A member of the legal profession; a lawyer, barrister, or judge.
1627May Lucan iii. 155 To play the Gowneman now He had forgot. 1673Kirkman Unlucky Cit. 174 Instead of Gown-men pleading at the Bar, they found Sword-men fighting at the Barriers. a1735Ld. Lansdowne Poems, Beauty & Law 35 Was't a vain promise and a gownman's lie? 1858Polson Law & L. 60 He was a legal monk, a cloistered gownsman.
b. A member of the clerical profession; a clergyman. Now rare.
1641Shirley Cardinal ii. iii. (1652) 20 But let the purple Gownman place his engins I' th' dark that wounds me. 1671M. Bruce Good News in Evil T. (1708) 24 You will not haunt the companie of Betrayers of Him, call them Gown-men, or call them Kirk-men as they will. 1697Vanbrugh Relapse v. iii, Lory, take care of this reverend gown⁓man in the next room a little. 1794Mathias Purs. Lit. (1798) 53 Levite gownsmen hugg'd their ignorance. 1821J. Baillie Metr. Leg., Columbus xl, A mission'd gownsman o'er the sea Was sent. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xvi. III. 627 A gownsman who pushed himself into a battle..strongly excited William's spleen.
c. A member of a university; often in contrast with townsman. gownsman of the foundation = foundationer.
1665Needham Medela Medic. 249 The idle sort of Gownmen, lazing in their Studies over the Pagan Books of Institutions. c1670Hobbes Dial. Com. Laws (1840) 144 Books which are commonly read by gownmen. 1688Smith in Magd. Coll. & Jas. II (O.H.S.) 243 Gownsmen of the Foundation. 1721Amherst Terræ Fil. ii. (ed. 3) 10 The traiterous gown-men proceeded gradually from one corruption to another. 1750W. Dodd Poems (1767) 38 The bevy bright of gownsmen blythe. 1791‘G. Gambado’ Ann. Horsem. vii. (1809) 96 My dear Miss S― will perhaps ride away with some other Gownsman. 1823Lamb Elia Ser. ii. Poor Relations, The distance between the gownsmen and the townsmen..is carried to an excess. 1889Jessopp Coming of Friars vi. 277 The townsmen soon discovered that the gownsmen were gainers by the new plan.
†d. A member of a municipal corporation. Obs.
1675Otway Alcibiades i. i. (1687) 6 Heavy Gown-men clad in formal Furrs. 1681Lond. Gaz. No. 1656/2 The Mayor and Aldermen..together with the Common Councel, and all the Gown men of that Corporation, to the number of about fourscore.
4. Sc. = beadsman 2 b. rare— 1.
1886Stevenson Kidnapped xv. 138 Our lowland beggars—even the gownsmen themselves, who beg by patent—had a louting, flattering way with them. |