| 释义 |
▪ I. graining, vbl. n.1|ˈgreɪnɪŋ|
[f. grain v.1 + -ing1.]
1. a. The action of grain v.1 in various senses.
1823P. Nicholson Pract. Builder 417 Graining is the imitating, by means of painting, various kinds of rare woods..and likewise various species of marble. 1837Whittock Bk. Trades (1842) 409 [Soap-boiling] This agitation indeed, is found so mainly conducive to the required graining, as the workmen call the required coagulation. 1882tr. Thausing's Beer iv. 198 The graining of wort from wheat is difficult on account of the tenacious layer of grains. 1894Harris Techn. Fire Insur. Comm., Graining, a tanning process, in which the skins are placed in an alkaline solution. 1951R. Mayer Artist's Hand-bk. xii. 379 Graining. The grain is imparted to the stone by grinding its surface with flint, sand, or other abrasive. 1961T. Landau Encycl. Librarianship (ed. 2) 154/1 Graining, preparation of the surface of metal lithographic plates by grinding them with a muller and sand or mechanically, by pebbles and abrasive.
b. quasi-concr. The result of this action, esp. in house-painting. In quot. 1856 = grain n.1 14 b.
1834West Ind. Sk. Bk. II. 3 No graining, and painting, and lettering, to engage the attention of the passer by. 1856R. A. Vaughan Mystics (1860) I. vi. viii. 269, I remember the very graining of the wood of his lance. 1892Pall Mall G. 5 Oct. 2/2 To whom the lie of the strata in a quarry-cliff says no more than the combed graining on a deal door. 1896R. Kipling Seven Seas 73 Bone-bleached my decks, wind-scoured to the graining.
2. Coinage.
†a. A ring of grain-like protuberances on the face of a coin close to its edge (= F. grènetis). Obs.
b. A ring of fine concave grooves round the edge of a coin; = milling.
1664Evelyn tr. Freart's Archit. Ep. Ded. 15 Its just and equal roundness, the Grenetis or graining which is about it [etc.]. 1691Locke Money Wks. 1727 II. 96 The Engines which..mark the Edges..with a Graining, are wrought secretly. 1726Leake Hist. Acc. Eng. Money 109 Those [coins] with the Graining or Letters upon the Edge. 1752J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 171 Marking of Money round the Edges, with Letters or Grainings. 1887Roy. Proclam. in Standard 18 May 3/2 Every Sixpence should have the same..impression..with a graining upon the edge.
3. Comb., as graining block, graining board, graining gouge, graining machine, graining roller, graining tool; graining comb, a tool resembling a comb, used by house-painters for graining.
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 352/1 A Graining Board..is a Board with Nicks in after the manner of a Saw, if you look sideways at it, but turn it up and you will perceive the Nicks, Teeth or Riggets (call them which you will) run quite a-thwart the Board. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Graining-board, a Board made with Nicks, or Teeth like a Saw, and us'd by Curriers in graining their Leather. 1846R. B. Sage Scenes Rocky Mts. xxxiii. 288 Near this is his ‘graining block’, planted aslope, for the ease of his operative in preparing his skins for the finishing process in the art of dressing. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Graining machine (Leather manufacture), a machine having rollers with raised, parallel, straight, or diagonal threads, which indent the goat or sheep skins and confer the wrinkled appearance to morocco leather. Ibid., Graining-tool [= graining comb]. 1875T. Seaton Fret Cutting 141 The details of the hair and curls must now be worked out with fine hollow gouges and graining gouges. 1881Young Every Man his own Mechanic §1603 The leather and metal graining combs with which graining in imitation of any kind of wood is done. Graining rollers are made for imitating various kinds of wood. 1959R. Hostettler et al. Techn. Terms Printing Industry (ed. 3) 114/1 Graining machine for offset plates. 1960G. A. Glaister Gloss. Bk. 158/2 Graining boards, boards or metal plates used by the binder to produce a diced effect on covers. The boards have a pattern in relief of parallel lines running diagonally.
▪ II. graining, vbl. n.2|ˈgreɪnɪŋ|
[f. grain v.2 or n.2 + -ing1.]
1. a. The point of forking or bifurcation. b. One of the prongs or tines of a fork.
1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 51 Betwixt the two graininges of the rake shafte they tye a stringe. 1877N. W. Linc. Gloss. s.v., If you cut the cherry-tree top off above the grainings, it will be sure to grow. 1886S.W. Linc. Gloss., Grainings, the forks, or joinings of the large boughs of a tree.
2. The method or practice of taking fish with a pronged spear (see grain n.2 5 b).
1889in Century Dict.
▪ III. graining, n.|ˈgreɪnɪŋ|
[Of unknown origin.]
A small fresh-water fish, Leuciscus Lancastrensis.
1772Pennant Tour Scotl. (1774) 11 In this river [Mersey]..is found a fish called the Graining..in some respects resembling the dace, yet is a distinct and perhaps new species. 1863H. C. Pennell Angler Nat. 158 The Graining is a very rare and local fish, in habits and food some⁓what resembling the trout. 1875‘Stonehenge’ Brit. Sports i. v. i. 306 The Graining is scarcely found anywhere but in the Mersey and its tributaries. |