| 释义 |
▪ I. gramophone, n.|ˈgræməfəʊn|
Also grammophone.
[app. formed by inversion of phonogram. The spelling grammo- (not the inventor's) is an attempt to make the word look more like a correct formation.]
1. An instrument for the reproduction of recorded sound, similar in principle to the phonograph but using, instead of a drum, a flat disc containing a spiral groove; a stylus is allowed to rest in the groove as the disc is rotated on a turntable, and the vibrations communicated to the stylus by the iregularities in the groove are transformed into sound vibrations. (In the U.S., phonograph is the generic name for such an instrument.) In its modern form, with an electric motor, electronic amplification, and one or more loud-speakers, it is now more commonly termed a ‘record-player’.
The earliest gramophones were also used to cut records, using blank discs.
1887Pat. Off. Gaz. 8 Nov. 620/2 Gramophone [patented by] Emile Berliner, Washington, D.C. 1888Times 13 Jan. 12/3 His [Edison's] original phonograph has received important modifications.. in..Mr. Berliner's grammophone. 1896Critic 21 Nov. 322/2 A man who uses a gramophone..talks into his machine, and hands the records over to his typewriter, who reads them off on her gramophone, and writes them out on the typewriter. 1899E. Wharton Greater Inclination 59 Her voice..was like a voice reproduced by a gramophone: the real woman seemed far away. 1906Daily Chron. 26 Nov. 4/7 What's wearing me to skin and bone? My neighbour's grinding gramophone. 1913B. Clements-Henry Gramophones & Phonographs 5 The disc machine is known as the ‘gramophone’, and the cylinder machine as the ‘phonograph’. 1917A. Waugh Loom of Youth ii. i. 89 Every night closed with a feed in Mansell's big study, while the gramophone strummed out rag-time choruses. 1921P. A. Scholes Learning to Listen p. xv, The accumulated results of their already large experience of the educational use of the Gramophone. 1922O. Mitchell Talking Machine Industry iv. 31 The gramophone, or disc machine, has..practically ousted the older invention from the English market. 1923T. S. Eliot Waste Land iii. 256 She smoothes her hair with automatic hand, And puts a record on the gramophone. 1928Galsworthy Swan Song ii. iv. 140 ‘What is the most pitiable sight in the world?’.. ‘Oh! I think—a rich man listening to a bad gramophone.’ 1952Godfrey & Amos Sound Recording & Reproduction i. 33 The chief advantage of the gramophone over the phonograph as claimed by Berliner was this comparatively simple method of producing copies. 1955Times 3 May 6/2, 10s. notes were found stuffed in the horn of a gramophone in his bedroom. 1967Times Rev. Industry Mar. 41/3 The Gramophone Co. was refused the right to the trade mark ‘Gramophone’ in 1910. 1971Daily Tel. 4 Nov. 12/4 Antoine speaks posthumously to the back⁓biting assembly through the horn of a 1913 gramophone.
2. attrib. and Comb., as gramophone bank, gramophone needle, gramophone pick-up, gramophone recital, gramophone rights; gramophone-cut, the form of record-cutting in which the recording stylus vibrates parallel to the surface of the disc; gramophone record, a flat disc on which sound has been recorded for reproduction by a gramophone, the recording taking the form of a spiral groove usu. starting at the periphery.
1941B.B.C. Gloss. Broadc. Terms 14 Gramophone bank, group of turn-tables and other equipment for playing gramophone records or disc recordings.
1913B. Clements-Henry Gramophones & Phonographs 4 The so-called ‘gramophone-cut’.
1907Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 1038/1 Only genuine Gramophone Needles should be used to play Gramophone Records. 1960J. Rae Custard Boys i. v. 51 When he spoke it sounded as though a gramophone-needle was scratching across worn grooves in his throat.
1929Wilson & Webb Mod. Gramophones x. 230 The change-over from radio to gramophone pick-up is effected by means of a switch. 1962A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 247 Crystal microphone or gramophone pick-up. This generates a signal by means of a crystal bimorph.
1913G. F. Rowell Hints about Gramophone 11 A gramophone recital.
1888English Mechanic 24 Aug. 558/2 (heading) The preparation of grammophone and telephone records. 1918–19T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Fall & Winter 369/2 The Gramophone Record Needles here listed..are made of good hard steel. 1924P. A. Scholes 1st Bk. Gramophone Rec. p. vii, Many of the best ‘tunes’..await their enjoyment in the form of Gramophone Records. 1941Libr. Assoc. Rec. Aug. 149/1 The report..records that Herefordshire County Library is one of the few possessors of a Gramophone Record Library in the country. 1947Ibid. Sept. 224 (title) A gramophone record library service. Ibid. 224/1 The gramophone record library..comes at a time when there is a growing demand for music by the best artists. 1964P. J. Guy Disc Recording & Reproduction v. 68 Up till a few years after the last world war, nearly all gramophone records were recorded at 78 r.p.m. with coarse grooves..and would accommodate only 4–4½ minutes of programme on a 12-in. record. 1971Radio Times 16/23 Dec. 26/4 8.0 am. News... 8.5 Aubade. Gramophone records of music by Parry, Delius, Elgar, and Grainger.
1921A. E. Housman Let. 20 Mar. (1971) 184, I do not want revenue from gramophone and mechanical rights.
▪ II. ˈgramophone, v.
[f. the n.]
trans. To reproduce by means of the gramophone; to record for the gramophone. Also fig. and absol. Hence ˈgramophoned ppl. a.
1908Daily Chron. 8 Apr. 3/7 The Tories are canvassing, ‘gramophoning’, &c. 1926G. B. Shaw Let. 14 Sept. (1960) 104 Albert Coates has gone to London for 10 days to gramophone the Ninth Symphony. 1927Sunday Express 28 Aug. 5/2 America's noise was gramophoned everywhere. 1928Manch. Guardian Weekly 10 Aug. 113/4 The perils of a syndicated or grammophoned press. 1931Times Lit. Suppl. 17 Dec. 1024/3 If it be true that the novel..is to be dramatized, filmed, gramophoned and everything else, one can only remark that this is another example of the incalculability of public taste. 1935N. Mitchison We have been Warned iv. 463 Bubbling voices and laughter, penetrated by gramophoned jazz. |