| 释义 |
▪ I. grand, a. and n.|grænd|
Also 4–6 graunt(e, 5–6 grawnt(e, 6–7 graund, 7 gran (Howell).
[a. OF. grand, grant (AF. also graund, graunt, mod.F. grand), the Com. Rom. word for ‘great’ = Pr. gran(t)-z, Sp., Pg., It. grande (shortened gran before a n.):—L. grand-em, in class. L. full-grown, big; in late popular L. superseding magnus in all its uses. Some scholars regard the word as cogn. w. Gr. βρενθῡ́εοθαι to swagger.
The nature of the contexts in which the Fr. word was introduced into English accounts for the development which its meaning has undergone. In some of the mod. uses, the nearest Fr. equivalent is grandiose.]
A. adj.
†1. the Grand: = ‘the Great’ [F. le grand, la grande] as an epithet of a famous person, city, or country. Obs.
a1400–50Alexander 5668 Baxe, Bayon, & Burdeux, & Bretayn þe graunt. c1440Bone Flor. 26 Syr Otes the grawnt hyght that gome. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop 2 He was..borne in grece not ferre fro Troye the graunt. 1529Rastell Pastyme (1811) 26 Theodose the Graunte.
2. a. Used in official titles (chiefly after Fr. or other Romanic originals), with the sense: Chief over others, highest in rank or office. Now chiefly Hist. or with reference to foreign countries; in England there are still officials called Grand Almoner, Grand Falconer (see the ns.); and the adj. forms part of titles of office amongst Freemasons, Odd Fellows, Good Templars, etc.
Grand Pensionary, Grand Pensioner, the title of the prime minister or president of the Council of Holland, when a republic. Grand Vicar, in France, the representative of a bishop in the administration of ecclesiastical affairs. Grand Vizier, the chief minister of the Turkish empire. Also grand-captain, grand-duke, grand-master.
1609Bible (Douay) 1 Macc. xii. 20 To Onias the grand⁓priest [Vulg. sacerdoti magno]. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 738 Cabot..was constituted Grand Pilot of England by King Edward the sixt. 1688Answ. Talon's Plea 5 The Chapters..name for Grand Vicar those whom the King intends to bestow the Bishopricks upon. 1708Lond. Gaz. No. 4429/6 Letters from Warsaw..say, That at the desire of the Grand General, and other Confederate Senators [etc.]. 1709Steele Tatler No. 13 ⁋2 We hear from the Hague..That Monsieur de Torcy hath had frequent Conferences with the Grand Pensioner. 1714Mandeville Fab. Bees (1733) I. 245 A grand pensionary of Holland. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., In the French polity and customs, there are divers officers thus denominated, which we frequently retain in English; as grand almoner, grand ecuyer, grand chambellan, grand voyer, &c. 1767Blackstone Comm. II. 54 In the king's presence and under the direction of his grand justiciary. 1781Cowper Truth 104 No grand inquisitor could worse invent. 1795Anderson Narr. Brit. Embass. China vii. 87 The grand mandarin of the place sent to inform the Ambassador that [etc.]. 1847Mrs. A. Kerr Hist. Servia 268 The Deputies were referred to the new Grand Vizier. 1855Emerson Misc. 136 A grand marshal.
b. Similarly in the titles of sovereigns; as grand signior, Grand Turk, the Sultan of Turkey (arch.). † Grand Tartar, the Great Mogul.
1588Parke tr. Mendoza's Hist. China 407 The prouince of Cambaya, subiect vnto the grand Tartar, or Mogor. 1860G. J. Whyte-Melville Holmby House I. 87 Who..had smoked his chibouque with the Grand Turk at Stamboul. 1860Sala Baddington Peerage xliii, Whether..he felt as happy as the Grand Turk.
3. a. [Orig. a transferred use of 2; cf. arch- prefix 2.] Qualifying a personal designation, with the sense: Pre-eminent, chief; supremely deserving of the appellation. ? Obs.
1584R. Scot Discov. Witchcr. xvi. ii. 471 The grandfoole their ghostlie father. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, v. vi. 19 The grand Conspirator, Abbot of Westminster. 1594― Rich. III, iv. iv. 52 That excellent grand Tyrant of the earth. 1599B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. ii. i, Thou Grand Scourge, or Second Untruss of the time. 1609Hieron Chr. Jrnl. Wks. 1614 I. 21 Sathan is our grand-enemy. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. i. iii. §2 Near that very place where the grand Ancestors of the world had their chief abode and residence. 1671Milton P.R. i. 159 To conquer Sin and Death, the two grand foes. 1686Wood Life 10 Aug., On the same morning on which he died..his only sister..was married..shewing herself thereby either a grand fool or a grand beast. 1778R. James Diss. Fevers (ed. 8) 32 Doth it not expel the Grand Enemy from every stronghold with irresistible force?
†b. Eminent; great in reputation, position, scale of operations, etc. Obs.
c1540tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) I. 67 The garrison of the olde grande warriers [L. ueteranorum præsidium]. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 507 And forth In order came the grand Infernal Peers. 1742Lond. & Country Brew. i. (ed. 4) 10, I have heard a great Maltster that lived towards Ware say, he knew a grand Brewer, that melted near 200 Quarters a week.
absol.1667Milton P.L. x. 427 There kept thir watch the legions, while the Grand In council sat.
4. Law.
a. Used with the sense of ‘great’ or that of ‘principal, chief’ in various designations (chiefly Anglo-Fr. in origin) of actions or agents, tribunals, etc.; opposed to petty or common. For grand assize, cape, compounder, distress, inquest, jury, larceny, serjeanty, etc. see the ns.
1562Act 5 Eliz. c. 1 §5 Such as be of the Grand Company of every Inn of Chancery. 1600Holland Livy i. 31 In the grand-leetes and solemne elections of Magistrates, everie man had not prerogative alike. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 310/1 Grand Rogues have sometimes their Ears Nailed to the Pillory.
b. grand day. (See quots.)
1656Blount Glossogr., Gawdy or Grand days. In the Inns of Court there are four of these in the yeer, that is, one in every Term. 1708Termes de la Ley 372 Grand Days are those which are solemnly kept in every Term in the Inns of Court and Chancery, viz. In Easter Term, Ascention Day; in Trin. Term, St. John Baptist; in Michaelmas Term, All Saints; in Hillary Term, the Feast of the Purification of the B. Virgin. And these are no days in Court.
5. a. Of things, events, etc.: Great or important above all others of the kind; chief, main.
1597Ingmethorp Serm. 2 John Ep. Ded., You have enameld as it were..that graundbenefite with infinite other kindnesses. c1645Howell Lett. i. xxix. (1650) 48 That Gran Universall-fire which shall happen at the day of judgment. Ibid. vi. 201 Solomon..wrote divers books which were lost in the gran Captivity. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. ii. vii. §11 The time was not yet come wherein the grand mystery of mans salvation by the death of the Son of God was to be revealed. c1680Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 374 This first and grand promise was absolutely made to all mankind. 1713Gay Guardian No. 11 ⁋3 The Use of the Grand Elixir to support the Spirits of Human Nature. 1720Swift Mod. Educ. Wks. 1755 II. ii. 32 The noblest blood of England having been shed in the grand rebellion. 1727–41Chambers Cycl., Elixir,..Sometimes [used] for an universal medicine..called, by way of excellence, the grand elixir. 1739Wesley Wks. (1872) I. 179 The grand article of my expense is food. 1784Cowper Task vi. 184 Evincing, as she [Nature] makes The grand transition, that there lives and works A soul in all things, and that soul is God. 1849E. B. Eastwick Dry Leaves 10 The grand want is that of dams across the principal streams. 1889J. Bennett Billiards v. (ed. 5) 41 But if so played, and this is the grand point, position is lost.
b. Preceded by a, or with n. in plural: Of first-rate magnitude, value, or importance.
1611Hieron Spirit. Sonship 12 These and the like be the grand imployments of the times. 1654Whitlock Zootomia 70 No grand Alteration here below, but..she [the moon] must be made Author of it. c1687Dryden Ep. to Sir G. Etherege 38 In grand affairs thy days are spent, In waging weighty compliment With such as monarchs represent. 1705Berkeley Commonpl. Bk. Wks. 1871 IV. 460 The not distinguishing 'twixt Will and ideas is a grand mistake with Hobbs. 1769Junius Lett. xi. 46 You have united this country against you on one grand constitutional point. 1842Miall in Nonconf. II. 2 We declared the establishment to be a grand imposture. 1850Robertson Serm. Ser. iii. ii. (1872) 25 So then..vice is nothing more than a grand imprudence. 1870Baldw. Brown Eccl. Truth 264 It would be a grand mistake to say that Christianity created feudalism. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 179 A grand movement of water from the polar towards the equatorial regions. 1891Law Times XC. 419/2 The old reticence of the Bench was a grand safeguard of its dignity.
6. Used to designate a comprehensive unity in relation to its constituent portions. Now only in grand total (formerly † grand sum), the sum of the sums of several groups of numbers.
1576Fleming tr. Caius' Dogs in Arb. Garner III. 232, I will express and declare in due order, the grand and general kind of English Dogs, the difference of them [etc.]. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. iii. §3 The Christian world it selfe being deuided into two graund parts. 1610Healey St. Aug. Citie of God 549 The summe of 10 is added to the grandsumme. 1611Hieron Spirit. Sonship 11 As I haue giuen you a bill, as it were of particulars, so I will now in a word tender vnto you the graund sum of all. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, iii. ii. 298 Produce the grand summe of his sinnes, the Articles Collected from his life. 1816A. C. Hutchison Pract. Obs. Surg. (1826) 311 The subjoined document, shewing the total number of seamen and marines received into the three hospitals..making the grand total of 96,000.
7. a. With reference to physical magnitude: Main, principal. Obs. exc. as in b.
1601Holland Pliny II. 471 The grand cirque or shew⁓place at Rome. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. iii. xii. 10, I was of late as petty to his ends As is the Morne-dew on the Mertle leafe To his grand Sea. 1708Lond. Gaz. No. 4478/2 In order to drain the Ditch before the Grand Breach..Getting all things in a Readiness for the Passage of the Grand Ditch. 1753Franklin Lett. Wks. 1840 V. 314 May not the small electrized clouds rise up to the main body, and by that means occasion so large a vacancy, as that the grand cloud cannot strike in that place?
b. Of a specified part of a building (as a gateway, an entrance-hall, a saloon, etc.): Main, principal. Applied only to objects that are magnificent in size and adornment, and therefore apprehended as implying these qualities.
1806R. Cumberland Mem. ii. 154 The bas-relieves at the back of the grand altar. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xxii. IV. 789 The Swedish Minister alighted at the grand entrance. 1860Sala Baddington Peerage xlv, On the grand staircase there were rows of exotic plants in boxes.
8. a. Used (instead of ‘great’ in various senses) in anglicized Fr. phrases, where the n. is rendered by its etymological equivalent; Grand Army = Grande Armée; grand manner [after F. grande manière], the style of plastic art suited for noble subjects and vast design; also attrib. and transf.; grand passion = grande passion.
Somewhat similar are the quasi-proper names The Grand Canal (Venice, tr. It. Il Gran Canale), The Grand Canal of Ireland (1765), The Grand Junction, Grand Surrey, Grand Union Canal; The Grand Hotel; and similar designations, where the choice of grand instead of great was suggested by the associations of senses 9 and 10.
1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 166 When the King goes..to the grand chase, he takes along abundance of Pioneers, to stop up the Avenues. a1704T. Brown Praise Poverty Wks. 1730 I. 101 It [Homer's poem] was..to stir his countrymen up against the exorbitant power of the Asiatick Grand Monarch. 1775T. Campbell Diary 27 Apr. (1947) 87 Revisited the exhibition of the Royal Academy & am confirmed in my opinion of the grand manner of Barrys Venus lamenting over Adonis. 1827Scott Napoleon V. viii. 190 This formidable assemblage of troops, laying aside the appellation of the Army of England, was hereafter [sc. from 1805] distinguished by that of the Grand Army. 1850Thackeray Pendennis II. v. 47 My father was a General of the Grand Army. Ibid. xxii. 210, I..am the person who eight years ago had a grand passion. 1850C. M. Yonge (title) Kenneth, or the Rearguard of the Grand Army. 1860Sala Baddington Peerage xlix, Henceforth he carries his arm in a sling, and wears an extra ribbon, even as a veteran of Napoleon's grand army. 1905A. Bennett Tales of Five Towns i. 170 He seemed to sink luxuriously into this grand passion of hers. 1905Daily Chron. 28 Dec. 3/1 The Royal Academy tradition of the Grand Manner in painting. Ibid., Sculpture groups, illustrating a classical theme, built up on Grand Manner traditions. 1925F. F. Potter in Teacher's World July Extra No., The boys of Manchester Grammar School were engaged in a project in the grand manner, when they drained, levelled, and turfed their playing fields. 1929A. Huxley Do what you Will 138 Where there are no psychological or external restraints, the Grand Passion does not come into existence. 1957E. H. Gombrich Story of Art xxv. 381 David and his school cultivated the Grand Manner. 1962‘H. Lourie’ Question of Abortion ix. 76 We amuse each other... But it doesn't necessarily mean a grand passion or marriage. 1971Guardian 14 Jan. 2/4 La Madeleine..began as a neo-Greek temple dedicated to the glory of Napoleon's Grand Army.
b. Mus. (See quot. 1879.)
1724Explic. For. Words Musick, Grande, is Great, or Grand, and is used to distinguish the Great or Grand Chorus from the rest of the Musick. 1825Danneley Encycl. Mus., Grand, this word is sometimes appended to others; as, a grand sonata, a grand overture, a grand chorus, and is synonymous with the term full, as full chorus, full organ, etc. 1879Grove's Dict. Music, Grand, a word much in use in England till within a few years to denote a classical composition of full dimensions or for full orchestra... A grand sonata or a grand concerto meant one in complete classical form.
9. a. Of a ceremony, public performance, or the like: Characterized by great solemnity, splendour, or display; conducted with great form and on a great scale.
1735Lond. Daily Post 21 Apr. No. 145/3 On Thursday last..was held the Annual Grand Feast of Free and Accepted Masons. 1802M. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. xviii. 147 His apparel was..finished, and ready for the grand day. 1837Dickens Pickw. vii, ‘The grand Match is played to-day, I believe’, said Pickwick. 1860Sala Baddington Peerage xlvii, The last grand entertainment of the fashionable season being over. 1871C. M. Yonge Cameos II. xxxiv. 353 The last Parliament had been a very grand one. 1893Furnivall in Three Kings' Sons Forewords 6 There are grand wedding festivities.
b. Of persons, their belongings or surroundings: Fine, splendid, gorgeously arrayed. Also more widely: Giving evidence of wealth or high social position; recognized as belonging to, or characteristic of, the ‘great world.’
1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xxiii, They usually rode out together in the grandest equipage that had been seen in the country for many years. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair li, The mothers grand, sumptuous, solemn, and in diamonds. Ibid., She was placed at the grand exclusive table with his Royal Highness. 1860Sala Baddington Peerage xlii, A forced adieu to fine houses, grand company, and the Grimaldi Club? 1861Thackeray Four Georges (1869) 92 She [Q. Charlotte] was..a very grand lady on state occasions, simple enough in ordinary life.
sarcastically.1884W. C. Smith Kildrostan 47, I found her not At all. She is too grand to see me now.
c. Used as adv. colloq.
1775Johnson Let. Mrs. Thrale 22 May, Beattie has called once to see me. He lives grand at the Archbishop's.
d. grand-scale adj. (cf. scale n.3 13 b).
1959Listener 29 Jan. 217/3 Today these works [of Wagner] are truly ‘popular’, the latest addition to the unquestioned grand-scale masterpieces. a1963L. MacNeice Astrol. (1964) i. 20 These [eclipses] (and comets) are still assumed to portend grand-scale happenings. 1964I. L. Horowitz New Sociol. 22 A theoretical option to narrow empiricism and grand-scale rationalism.
10. With reference to emotional effect.
a. Of natural objects, architecture, etc.: Impressing the mind with a sense of vastness and magnificence; imposing by reason of beauty coupled with magnitude.
1712Addison Spect. No. 414 ⁋4 There is generally in Nature something more Grand and August, than what we meet with in the Curiosities of Art. 1756Burke Subl. & B. ii. x, I have ever observed, that colonnades and avenues of trees of a moderate length, were without comparison far grander, than when they were suffered to run to immense distances. 1784Cowper Task vi. 249 What he views of beautiful or grand In nature, from the broad majestic oak To the green blade. 1859Hamilton Mem. J. Wilson ii. 31 The interior of the Church is very grand. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. ii. 12 The scene from the summit..was exceedingly grand. Ibid. xi. 82 The clouds were very grand—grander indeed than anything I had ever before seen. 1885Athenæum 23 May 669/3 Grand surges move in ranks..till they beat furiously on the shore.
b. Hence of ideas, style, composition, design, etc.: Lofty and dignified in conception, treatment, or expression; conceived or planned in a large and majestic manner. grand style: a style fitted to the expression of lofty ideas and great subjects in literature and art.
a1755Young (J.), A voice has flown To re-enflame a grand design. 1758S. Hayward Serm. xvi. 469 A variety of the most grand similitudes. 1772Ann. Reg. 161 It gave what is called the grand stile to invention, to composition, to expression. 1784Cowper Task v. 678 Be most sublimely good, verbosely grand, And with poetic trappings grace thy prose. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 156 It is not clear, whether in England we learned those grand and decorous principles, and manners..from you, or whether you took them from us. 1859Gwilt Archit. (ed. 4) Gloss., Grand, a term used in the fine arts, generally to express that quality by which the highest degree of majesty and dignity is imparted to a work of art. 1868Lowell Dryden Prose Wks. 1890 III. 173 This is certainly..in what used to be called the grand style, at once noble and natural. 1875Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. vi. (ed. 5) 79 The grand vision of a universal Christian empire was utterly lost in the isolation.
c. Of persons: Imposing by nobility of moral or intellectual character. Also with reference to appearance or manner: Stately, noble, dignified.
1832Tennyson Sisters vi, He look'd so grand when he was dead. 1847― Princ. i. 185 She look'd as grand as doomsday and as grave. 1848Lowell Lamartine iii, Now thou'rt thy plain, grand self again. 1877E. R. Conder Bas. Faith i. 7 Religion has proved herself equally able to dominate the grandest intellects, and to elevate the humblest. 1878R. H. Hutton Scott iii. 30 With that grand unconcern characteristic of elderly persons in high position. 1883E. C. Rollins New Eng. Bygones 56 They were all three grand men, sensible, honest, and carrying weight in town affairs. 1897P. Warung Tales Old Regime 25 Bowing the while in the grand manner.
d. In recent use, the adj. in sense 10 has acquired an idiomatic frequency of application to ns. qualified by old.
‘The Grand Old Man’ (jocularly ‘G.O.M.’) was from 1882 a current journalistic appellation for W. E. Gladstone. It appears (in quotation marks) in Punch 17 June 280/1.
[1802Coleridge Dejection 2 The grand old ballad of Sir Patrick Spence.] 1833Tennyson Lady Clara Vere de Vere 51 The grand old gardener [late edd. The gardener Adam] and his wife smile at the claims of long descent. 1850― In Mem. cxi, He bore without abuse The grand old name of gentleman. 1850C. Brontë Let. 12 June in Mrs. Gaskell Life (1857) II. 162 A sight of the Duke of Wellington at the Chapel Royal (he is a real grand old man). 1860Hook Lives Abps. I. 150 The grand old man [Theodore of Tarsus]. 1868J. H. Blunt Ref. Ch. Eng. I. 349 So the grand old abbot..was taken to Wells. 1877Jennings Field Paths & Green Lanes 37 A delightful old church..rendered a true pilgrim's shrine..by its grand old tower. 1887M. Arnold Kaiser dead vii, Since, 'gainst the classes, He heard, of late, the Grand Old Man Incite the masses.
e. With not, etc. Of persons: indisposed, unwell.
1934N. Marsh A Man lay Dead viii. 145 ‘May I see your patient, Doctor Young?’.. ‘She's not so grand,’ he said doubtfully. 1951E. Coxhead One Green Bottle x. 257 You don't look too grand... Are you sure you're all right? 1960H. Pinter Room 98, I told him you hadn't been too grand.
11. Used as a general term to express strong admiration: ‘Magnificent’, ‘splendid’. colloq.
1816Pickering Voc. U.S., Grand. Much used in conversation for very good, excellent, fine, &c. Ex. This is grand news; he is a grand fellow; this is a grand day. New England. 1866Derbysh. Gloss. in Reliquary Jan. 160 Grand, good, superior. ‘Hay! it wor grand, lads, that ale wor.’ 1876Whitby Gloss. s.v., ‘Here's a grand day’, very fine weather. 1894Crockett Raiders 156 They'll bide..at at the Herd's Hoose, or Cassencary belike, that's a graund hauf o' smugglers and gypsies. 1898Ranjitsinhji With Stoddart's Team iii, The Melbourne ground was..in grand condition as regards the turf.
ironically.1889J. K. Jerome 3 Men in a Boat 257 Up he would march to the head of the punt, plant his pole, and then run along right to the other end, just like an old punter. Oh! how grand!
12. a. Combinations and special collocations, as grand-looking, grand-made adjs.; grand action, the action of a grand pianoforte; grand-bob, ? = grandsire bob (see grandsire 6); Grand Canyon Geol. [name of the gorge of the Colorado River in Arizona, U.S.A.], a rock formation laid down during the pre-Cambrian era in the south-western U.S.A.; hence, in local use to designate the geological period during which these rocks were formed; grand chain: see chain n. 5 f; grand committee (Parliament), (a) Hist., each of the four committees (for religion, for grievances, for courts of justice, and for trade) annually appointed by the House of Commons until 1832 (though they had long before that date ceased actually to sit); † also, in 17th c., often used for ‘committee of the whole house’; (b) now, the ordinary unofficial designation of the two ‘standing committees’ (each of 60 to 80 members) since 1882 appointed every session for the consideration of bills relating severally to matters of Law and Trade; Grand Cordon, Cross (see cordon n. 6, cross n. 19); grand cru, wine of a superior quality (cf. cru); grand fir, Abies grandis, a large fir native to the west coast of North America; Grand Fleet, (a) the 18th-cent. fleet based at Spithead; (b) the name during the war-period 1914–16 for the British Battle Fleet operating in the North Sea; † grand hound, ? a mastiff; grand-junctioner (U.S.), ? a director of the ‘Grand Junction’ railway; grand lodge (see lodge); † grand-maund, a gabion; Grand National, the great steeplechase established in 1839 and run annually at Aintree, Liverpool, in the first week of the flat-racing season; grand-paunch, (a) a glutton; (b) a ‘corporation’, large abdomen; grand pianoforte, piano, a large pianoforte, usually harp-shaped and horizontal, whose size admits of the most effective arrangement of the mechanism (for grand-upright, upright-grand, see upright a.); grand prize, anglicization of Grand Prix 2; grand quarter Her., see quots. and cf. grand-quartering; grand quartering Her. (see quot.); † grand relief, ? = alto-relievo; Grand Remonstrance (see remonstrance n. 3 b); grand slam (see slam n.2 2 b); grand unified theory Physics, a theory in which the strong, the weak, and the electromagnetic interactions are treated mathematically as different manifestations of a single force; abbrev. GUT s.v. G III. f.
1810in Southey Comm.-pl. Bk. IV. 391 The ringers to ring one peal of *grand bobs.
1876J. W. Powell Rep. Geol. Eastern Portion Uinta Mount. 70 The *Grand Cañon Group rests unconformably upon the crystalline schists... Fossils have been found at the base of the Grand Cañon series... Red Creek Quartzite and Grand Cañon schists..are believed to be Eozoic. 1925J. Joly Surface-Hist. Earth viii. 131 The third (the Killarney or Grand Canyon) closing pre⁓Cambrian time. 1958R. C. Moore Introd. Hist. Geol. (ed. 2) iv. 61/2 Collectively, they are called the Grand Canyon Sequence of rocks.
1626Jrnl. Commons 4 Apl. I. 843 The *grand committee to sit at two of the clock. 1640[see committee]. 1644Vicars God in Mount (1644) 69 A grand-Committee of both Houses. 1891Guardian 4 Mar. 341/2 The Tithe Bill..is to be further put into shape by a grand committee.
1905A. L. Simon Hist. Champagne Trade England ix. 119 There are three groups of famous growths in Champagne... These..may be called the *Grands Crûs of Champagne. 1932E. Hemingway Death in Afternoon i. 11 The Grand crus of Medoc. 1951N. Mitford Blessing ii. ix. 230 ‘Quite an honourable wine,’ said Sigi, ‘but not grand cru.’ 1965A. Sichel Penguin Bk. Wines 132 Grand cru or grand vin. Any wine bearing this description on the label must contain at least 11° of alcohol from the natural sugar of the grapes before the addition of extra sugar at the time of fermentation.
1897G. B. Sudworth Nomencl. Arborescent Flora U.S. 54 Abies grandis... *Grand or Oregon White Fir. 1913S. B. Elliott Important Timber Trees U.S. ii. 192 The important Western Firs are Grand Fir (Abies grandis), White Fir (Abies concolor), [etc.]... It is proposed by Mr. Sudworth to discard the appellation ‘white’ and adopt that of ‘grand’ in its place, making it Grand Fir. 1969Northwest (Sunday Oregonian Mag.) 14 Dec. 21/3 While our familiar Douglas fir is still the most popular species..the..Grand firs are very close seconds especially in container plants.
1745R. Goadby Life & Adv. B. M. Carew 119 Impressed Men, who were all put on board the Winchester,..and carried to the *grand Fleet then lying at Spithead. 1914J. R. Jellicoe in Times 16 Sept. 8/6 The officers and men of the Grand Fleet beg that you will convey to their comrades of the British Army their intense admiration for the magnificent fight they have made. 1919― Grand Fleet 1914–16 iii. 34 The Grand Fleet may be said to have come into being only at the outbreak of the War, when it was so christened. 1922Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 294/1 Up to the outbreak of war, Rosyth was regarded as the principal base and headquarters for the Grand Fleet. 1966A. J. Marder From Dreadnought to Scapa Flow III. vi. 207 The moral ascendancy of the Grand Fleet over the High Seas Fleet remained and, if anything, was stronger.
1548Hall Chron., Rich. III, 35 Semblable my cousyne therle of Rychemonde..wyll surelye attempte lyke a fierce *grandhounde, other to byte or to perce me on the other syde.
1860Emerson Cond. Life iii. (1861) 58 Railroad presidents, copper-miners, *grand-junctioners [etc.].
1878Geo. Eliot in J. W. Cross Life (1885) III. 327 The Crown-Prince is really a *grand-looking man.
1850Mrs. Browning Poems I. 213 His lips and jaw, *Grand-made and strong, as Sinai's Law.
1579Digges Stratiot. 113 *Graund Maunds, or Gabbions.
1839Sporting Rev. Mar. 164 The *Grand National Steeple Chase. 1866Field 10 Mar. 199/3 Why should he be a favourite for the Grand National? 1886Earl of Suffolk & Berks. Racing & Steeple-chasing 352 Tom Olliver won three Grand Nationals. 1894Sir J. D. Astley Fifty Yrs. Life II. 281, I hoped to be able to pick out the winner of the Grand National when the weights appeared. 1967Observer Suppl. 1 Oct. 36/1 The Prime Minister is on the verge of his first political success: he is about to save the Grand National.
1601Holland Pliny II. 11 Our *grand-panches..haue deuised for themselues a delicat kind of meat out of corn and grain. 1606― Sueton. 270 He became disfigured and blemished..with a fat grand-panch.
1797Monthly Mag. III. 145 Their newly invented *grand and square Piano Fortes. 1834Medwin Angler in Wales I. 273 It was a grand piano of Broadwood's. 1876Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms 353/2 Pianofortes have been named from..the size, as piccolo, semi-grand, and full grand. 1879Stainer Music of Bible 25 A grand pianoforte, which contains more strings than any other instrument in use.
1866Lond. Gaz. 26 June 3645/2 Paris Universal Exhibition of 1867... 17 *grand prizes, each of the value of 2000 f. 1880Rep. Paris Univ. Exhib. 1878 II. 365, 100 Grand Prizes and exceptional awards in money.
1869J. E. Cussans Handbk. Heraldry ii. 45 If one or more of these quarters should be subdivided into other like divisions, it is said to be Quarterly-quartered; and the quarter thus quartered is called a *Grand quarter. 1896J. Woodward Her. II. 102 It may happen that one of the heiresses whose arms are to be quartered, herself bore a quartered coat, in this case the quarter appropriated to her contains her whole bearings..and..is called a Grand-quarter. 1969Franklyn & Tanner Encycl. Dict. Heraldry 271/1 In Scotland, quarters are limited to four, but each may be a grand quarter, i.e. a quarter which is itself quarterly of four sub-quarters.
1889Elvin Dict. Heraldry, s.v. Marshalling, a *Grand Quartering..usually accompanies the assumption of a second name, and unites the two associated coats so inseparably, that if they come to be Marshalled with other quarterings they are no longer (as in other cases) spread out among them, but they still remain together as a Grand Quartering.
1768E. Holdsworth Dissert. Virgil 95 The famous base at Pozzuoli..on which are fourteen figures in *grand relief.
1978Nuclear Physics B. CXXXV. 85 We have mainly studied three aspects of *grand unified theories of the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions. 1979Grand unified theory [see unified ppl. a. 2]. 1982McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 1982–3 440/1 The last, and the most ambitious, stage of unification deals with the possibility of combining grand unified and gravitation theories into a superunified theory.
b. used (after Fr. example) to denote the second degree removed in ascent or descent of relationship, as grandfather, grandson, etc. So † grand-forefather; also transf. in nonce-uses, as grand-patron, grand-pupil. † Also (?nonce-use) repeated grand-grand-father = great-grandfather.
Of combinations of this kind, the oldest are grandame and grandsire, which appear in the 13th c.; grandfather and grandmother n. are not found until late in the 15th c. In Fr. grand is restricted to a degree of ascent, the corresponding degree downwards being expressed by petit (little).
1578Tymme tr. Calvin on Genesis 235 His great graunde graunde father. 1599H. Buttes Dyets Drie Dinner D vj, When our grand-forefathers had a long time lived with Acorns. 1825Bentham Indications 14 Say patron and grandpatron, as you say son and grandson. Grand patronage is not so valuable as patronage. Ibid. 16 Wherever you can see a grand patron other than the king, seeing the king, you see a great grand patron. 1883P. Schaff Apostolic Chr. 678 Irenaeus..a spiritual grand-pupil of John.
B. quasi-n. and n.
1. quasi-n.
a. the grand: that which is grand; the lofty, magnificent, sublime.
1742Young Nt. Th. ix. 843 The grand of nature is th' Almighty's oath, In Reason's court, to silence Unbelief. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho i, The taste they create for the beautiful and the grand. 1821Craig Lect. Drawing iv. 228 The grand calls for the accompanying aid of wild forests.
b. to do the grand: to make a great display; to put on airs. slang. (See do v. 11 j.)
1893in Farmer Slang.
†2. n. [a. Sp., It. grande.] = grandee. Obs.
1606Earl of Northampton True Perfect Rel. Oo 3 a, Then fell the Grands of Italy to renounce all duetie. 1614Selden Titles Hon. 206 The Grands (all Dukes among them are Grands, and some Marquesses and Counts)..shall bee honord with Vuestra Sennoria i. your Lordship. 1669Lond. Gaz. No. 352/3 To whom His Majesty has been pleased in favour to the Count, as a Grand of Portugal, to give her the Priviledge of a Stool before the Queen.
†3. ellipt. (See quot.) Obs. rare—1.
1670Cotton Espernon i. iv. 151 Betwixt these Forts..he caus'd a Grand to be erected, that is to say, a greater Fort.
4. a. Among Freemasons, any of the officers whose titles contain the adj.b. In some convivial clubs, the title of the chairman. Also Noble Grand, Vice Grand, the chairman and vice-chairman of a lodge of Odd Fellows.
1747W. Horsley Fool (1748) II. 165 The Fools being assembled, the Grand..attended by the Vice, and the other Officers of Folly, assum'd the Chair. 1765–6Goldsm. Ess., Clubs (Globe) 284/2 The Grand, with a mallet in his hand, presided at the head of the table... My speculations were soon interrupted by the Grand, who had knocked down Mr. Spriggins for a song. 1821Lamb Elia Ser. i. All Fools' Day, Gebir, my old free-mason, and prince of plasterers at Babel, bring in your trowel, most Ancient Grand! 1840Dickens Old C. Shop xiii, The Glorious Appollers, of which I have the honour to be Perpetual Grand.
5. A grand pianoforte.
1840Penny Cycl. XVIII. 142 In flat instruments, especially grands, there is a difficulty in giving strength to the bracing. 1876Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms 352/2 By means of this invention [the upright action] a pianoforte can be made which will occupy a space about a fourth of the depth of the ‘grand’. 1891St. James's Gaz. 26 Mar. 5/2 She..begins the preliminary scramble on the hired grand.
6. Sugar manuf. (West Indian). The largest evaporating pan of a battery. [ad. F. grande.]
1839Ure Dict. Arts 1202 The skimmings of the grand are thrown into a separate pan. [1875Knight Dict. Mech. has the Fr. form grande.]
7. [G. (a. Fr.) grand, formerly grando (see quot. 1893).] In the game of skat, a bid to play with only the four matadores (knaves) as trumps. Varieties of this are called solo grand, gucki grand, tournee grand, open grand (or grand ouvert).
[1893‘L. Hoffman’ tr. Hertefeld's Skat 7 In Grando, the only trumps are the four knaves. Ibid. 46 The basis value is in Grando Tourné, 12; in Grando Solo, 16; and in Grando Ouvert, 24.] 1906R. F. Foster Skat Manual 121 This he can do by declaring a Grand. 1957Encycl. Brit. XX. 727/2 The games in which only knaves are trumps are called grand (or grando). Ibid., Solo grand is played without use of the skat. In open grand the player's entire hand is exposed before the opening lead, and the player contracts to win every trick.
8. slang (orig. U.S.). A thousand dollars. Also occas., a thousand pounds. (The sing. form is often used for the pl.)
1921Collier's 26 Mar. 24/2 ‘A hundred and fifty grands!’ I breathed. ‘You're cuckoo.’ Ibid. 27 Aug. 4/3 ‘I lose twenty-five thousand dollars!’.. Twenty-five grand! 1924G. C. Henderson Keys to Crookdom 406 Grand. $1,000. Called ‘a grand’. 1931E. Linklater Juan in America iv. x. 359 D'you think I'd pay a hundred grand for protection if it wasn't worth it? 1932Amer. Mercury Jan. 16, I don't know how much it is, but I suppose around ten, twelve, fifteen grand. 1946People 7 Apr. 2/3, I stepped out with the spree-bent suckers..into this..world..where the black market boys..gamble in ‘grands’ ({pstlg}1,000). 1958Times 25 Feb. 5/3 He wanted his ‘whack of the grand’. 1967Sunday Tel. 23 Apr. 6/1 One 26-year-old [criminal]..insisted that he picked up a regular {pstlg}1,000 a week working with a professional gang. ‘Honest, a grand or a couple of grand isn't really big stakes in my game.’
▪ II. † grand, v. Obs. rare.
In 7 graund.
[f. grand a.]
trans. To make greater, ‘magnify’.
1602J. Davies Mirum in Modum G 3 b, Which Grands his Goodnesse, and augments his fame. 1607― Summa Totalis xvi. B, His Iustice to extenuate To graund his Grace is sacrilegious. |