| 释义 |
granulation|grænjʊˈleɪʃən|
[n. of action f. granulate v.: see -ation. Cf. F. granulation.]
1. gen. The action or process of forming into granules or grains; the process or condition of being so formed.
1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 271 Granulation proper to Metals, by infusion on fire,..is their comminution into granula, or very small drops like Grana Paradisi. 1670W. Clarke Nat. Hist. Nitre 88 The Reason of the Granulation of this Powder [gunpowder]. 1799G. Smith Laboratory I. 78 Granulation is easily performed, by pouring, leisurely, the melted metal between the twigs of a new birch broom..in a pail of water. 1822J. Imison Sci. & Art II. 117 It is mixed with lead to assist its granulation in making small shot. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 1142 The neutro⁓saline matter present in the spent lye is essential to the proper granulation and separation of the saponaceous compound. 1862New Syd. Soc. Year-bk. 168 On the Granulation of Medicines.
fig.1886Pall Mall G. 2 Aug. 1/2 Italy and Germany have been redeemed from the granulation which for so many ages has made them mere ropes of sand.
b. concr. A granular formation.
1759Mountaine in Phil. Trans. LI. 288 On the projections of the wainscot, I found several granulations, and longer pieces of the wire. 1875H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 184 In frogs poisoned with prussic acid a rounded form of the corpuscles was commonly exhibited, and sometimes granulations were present. 1879tr. De Quatrefages' Hum. Species 72 The anthers scarcely ever enclose veritable pollen, but merely irregular granulations.
2. Path. The formation of grain-like prominences on sores when healing; the development of granules in diseased structures.
1786–7J. Hunter Lect. Princ. Surg. xii. Wks. 1835 I. 368 But on all internal canals suppuration does not necessarily lead to granulation. 1813J. Thomson Lect. Inflam. 215 That which Mr. Hunter calls union by granulation would, in the language of Galen, have been union by the third intention. 1848Carpenter Anim. Phys. 302 But if inflammation be permitted to arise, the repair takes place by a process termed granulation. 1886Syd. Soc. Lex. s.v., Healing by granulation.
fig.1895J. J. Raven Hist. Suffolk 57 Then set in slowly and irregularly a kind of granulation, if we may use a comparison from the healing of a wound.
b. concr. in pl. The grain-like bodies so formed.
1739S. Sharp Surg. Introd. 24 Tents in Wounds, by resisting the growth of the little Granulations of the Flesh, in process of time harden them. 1789T. Whately in Med. Commun. II. 387, I..felt a loose piece of bone lying in a bed of granulations within the cavity of the tibia. 1804Abernethy Surg. Obs. 54 Granulations formed, and a cicatrix took place. 1807–26S. Cooper First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 141 Granulations are formed by an exudation of coagulating lymph from the vessels of the wounded or exposed surface. 1813J. Thomson Lect. Inflam. 149 Granulations sometimes form on the surfaces of inflamed serous membranes. 1855Holden Hum. Osteol. (1878) 13 Every surgeon must have witnessed how sensitive are granulations from bone. 1878T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 5 The grey granulations or tubercles are apparently derived from some pre-existing inflammation.
3. Bot. and Zool.
a. The formation of granular bodies on the surface of a plant, a crustacean, etc.
b. concr. The granular structure, or in pl. the granules, so formed.
1796Withering Brit. Plants IV. 45 Branches generally incrusted with small granulations. 1843Forbes in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club II. No. ii. 79 Among the granulations numerous large stomata. 1852Dana Crust. i. 447 A smooth even surface, excepting a neat miliary granulation. 1859R. F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Jrnl. Geogr. Soc. XXIX. 142 The folds and wrinkles which form by granulation upon the oblongs where the bark has been removed for its fibre. 1872Nicholson Palæont. 75 A short robust stem, which is marked with flutings and superficial granulations. 1884Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 104 In the pointed warts there is often stratification and granulation.
4. attrib., chiefly Path. (see sense 2), as granulation-growth, granulation-mass, granulation-sarcoma, granulation-tissue, granulation-tumour.
1899J. Hutchinson Archives Surg. X. 157 Over these [pustules] the nail softened and a little *granulation growth protruded.
1898Ibid. IX. 347 Being attended by the production of a *granulation-mass.
1886Syd. Soc. Lex., *Granulation sarcoma, the ordinary form of simple or round-celled Sarcoma.
1873T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. (ed. 2) 270 The serous membrane becomes infiltrated with young cells, which form a *granulation-tissue beneath the layer of proliferating endothelium.
1888C. H. Fagge Princ. & Pract. Med. (ed. 2) I. 114 Under the term ‘*granulation-tumours’ he [Virchow] describes the various lesions which are produced by syphilis, leprosy and glanders. |