| 释义 |
graphitize, v.|ˈgræfɪtaɪz|
[f. as prec. + -ize.]
1. trans.
a. To convert (an allotrope of carbon) into graphite, to make more graphitic.
1899E. G. Acheson in Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 3rd Ser. CXLVII. 485, I have also graphitized some tons of carbon plates, to be used in making dynamo and motor brushes. 1912W. L. Landis in Rogers & Aubert Industr. Chem. xii. 276 After such a run the granulated coke forming the heating core has been graphitized. 1952Mineral. Mag. XXIX. 805 Attempts were also made to graphitize diamonds in a carbon arc.
absol.1910Encycl. Brit. XII. 365/1 In graphitizing en masse large lumps of anthracite are treated in the electric furnace.
b. To cause the combined carbon in (a ferrous alloy) to form graphite; to convert (a carbon-containing constituent of a ferrous alloy) into graphite and something else.
1919Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. XCIX. 582 Carbon-iron alloys within the range 2·0 to 4·3 per cent. carbon, when..slowly cooled past the eutectic freezing temperature 1130° C., were partially graphitised. 1934Chem. & Ind. 14 Dec. 1052/2 With the aid of silicon, which breaks down or graphitizes the iron carbide.., the bulk of the carbide can be converted to iron and graphite. 1937Epstein & Sisco Alloys Iron & Carbon II. x. 369 All the remaining austenite changes to ferrite and cementite; the remaining cementite has, therefore, still to be graphitized. 1960Laing & Rolfe Man. Foundry Pract. (ed. 3) x. 366 In the manufacture of whiteheart..the white iron is not only graphitised, but the carbon is also very largely removed.
2. intr.
a. Of a ferrous alloy: to undergo a change characterized by the conversion of the combined carbon into graphite.
b. To change into graphite.
1919Bull. Amer. Inst. Mining & Metall. Engineers July 1068 The gray iron..begins to graphitize further at temperatures lower than those at which there is initial graphitization of the white iron. 1920Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. CII. 293 White pig iron always graphitises when annealed at a temperature above 1000°. 1961Metals Handbk. (ed. 8) I. 587/3 Many of these steels do not graphitize completely. 1968C. G. Kuper Introd. Theory Superconductivity i. 11 Diamond at room temperature shows no tendency to graphitize. 1970New Scientist 5 Feb. 252/2 The non-graphitizing type [of carbon] can be induced to graphitize by the use of a catalyst.
Hence ˈgraphitizable a., convertible into graphite; so ˌgraphitizaˈbility; ˈgraphitizing ppl. a., that graphitizes or brings about graphitization; also as vbl. n.
1904Electrochem. Ind. II. 492/2 When carbon is raised to the graphitizing temperature its properties will depend largely on the kind of amorphous carbon used. 1920Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. CII. 288 This process continues..until the temperature falls below the graphitising range. 1930Engineering 11 July 58/1 Work carried out on the influence of nickel on cast iron has..demonstrated that nickel is, like silicon, a graphitising agent. 1951Proc. R. Soc. A. CCIX. 198 Those non-graphitic carbons which, on heating to temperatures between 1700 and 3000° C, form graphitic carbons will be called graphitizing carbons. Ibid. 203 At a certain temperature..there is formed, in a non-graphitizing carbon, a certain proportion of graphitic or graphitizable carbon. Ibid. 207 The graphitizability of a carbon is apparently related to its colloidal or fine-pore structure. 1970New Scientist 5 Feb. 252/2 With increasing temperatures the structure and properties of graphitizing carbons approach those of graphite. Ibid. 253/1 A synthetic fibre of the graphitizable type. |