| 释义 |
gravimeter Physics.|grəˈvɪmɪtə(r)|
[ad. F. gravimètre (Guyton de Morveau, 1797), f. L. gravi-s heavy: see -meter.]
1. A kind of hydrometer (resembling Nicholson's), for determining the specific gravity of bodies, whether liquid or solid.
1797Nicholson's Jrnl. June 110 Description of a Gravi⁓meter, or Instrument for measuring the Specific Gravity of Solids and Fluids. By Citizen Guyton. 1801J. Jones tr. Bygge's Trav. Fr. Repub. v. 120 Determining the Specific gravity of a calcedon by means of Guiton's gravimeter. 1868Nat. Encycl. I. 991 For fluids of greater specific gravity than water..an instrument..which was invented by Guyton de Morveau, and is designated ‘Gravimeter’, may be used.
2. Any instrument designed to measure the variation in the force of gravity from one place to another; usu. applied to those which involve determining the force exerted on a suspended mass.
1932Physics II. 124 (caption) Diagram of gravimeter. Ibid. 128 (caption) The gravimeter in the field. 1940Geogr. Jrnl. XCV. 135 An exhaustive test of all modern gravimeters should be made..to compare the Lejay astatic pendulum, the new Nörgaard instrument, the gravimeters depending on the properties of helical springs..and finally the Nörgaard and Halck patterns of hydro⁓static gravimeter. 1955Sci. Amer. Sept. 165/1 The pendulum is still the standard for absolute values of gravity, but nowadays the instrument most commonly used is the gravimeter, a supersensitive version of the ordinary spring scale. The earth's pull is measured by the amount of stretching of a thin wire of silica or invar (a nickel-steel alloy) on which a small weight hangs. 1957[see gravity meter s.v. gravity 8 b].
Also graviˈmetric, graviˈmetrical adjs., pertaining to the gravimeter or to gravimetry; graviˈmetrically adv., by means of the gravimeter; in respect of measurement by weight; graˈvimetry, measurement of weight.
1858Thudichum Urine 39 In the generality of diseases the gravimetry of urine gives very meagre results as yet. 1866Odling Anim. Chem. 100 By comparing the items gravimetrically instead of volumetrically. 1873C. H. Ralfe Phys. Chem. 216 Gravimetric [method], in which the substance after isolation from the mixture is weighed in the balance. 1883Atkinson Ganot's Physics (ed. 11) §185 This apparatus [volumometer or sterometer], is of great value in determining the gravimetrical density of gunpowder. 1884Pharmaceut. Soc. Prosp. 13 Volumetric and Gravimetric Quantitative Analyses. 1935Geogr. Jrnl. LXXXV. 199 Conditions of gravimetric survey. 1955Sci. Amer. Sept. 170/3 The fundamental idea of the gravimetric method of mapping, and of the present world-wide gravity measuring program, is that the undulations of the geoid and its tilt at every place can be computed from the observed gravity anomalies. |